IR History (since 1945) by Valeria Flores https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo en-us 2023-02-21 22:11:10 UTC 2025-06-16 13:28:10 UTC hello@padlet.com End of WWII (May 8, 1945) - known as Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490332545 2023-02-21 22:14:11 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490332545 THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND THE MARSHALL PLAN (March 12, 1947) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490335740 the President announced the Truman Doctrine, a policy plan to keep Communism from spreading to politically unstable countries. Fearing that poverty and other conditions created by World War II might make Europe susceptible to Communism, the American government funneled about thirteen billion dollars into Western Europe to rehabilitate and stabilize countries through the Marshall Plan (or European Recovery Program).]]> 2023-02-21 22:19:43 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490335740 ⭐Truman Became President of US (April 12, 1945) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490336973 with the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt on April 12, 1945.]]> 2023-02-21 22:21:25 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490336973 BERLIN BLOCKADE JUNE 24, 1948 — SEPTEMBER 30, 1949 vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490338264 As American and Soviet forces occupying Germany clashed over punishment and rehabilitation plans for the country, the Soviets cut off access to Berlin. From June 26, 1948, to September 30, 1949, the United States and Great Britain dropped food and supplies into West Berlin via air.]]> 2023-02-21 22:23:24 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490338264 COMMUNIST REVOLUTION IN CHINA (OCTOBER 1, 1949) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490338772 The People’s Liberation Army, led by Communist leader Mao Zedong, ousted Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist government in China in 1949. Mao Zedong declared the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, and Nationalist forces and sympathizers were forced to retreat to Taiwan.]]> 2023-02-21 22:24:15 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490338772 NSC-68 (APRIL 14, 1950) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490340197 The National Security Council issued in 1950 the classified report NSC-68, which outlined a plan that would shape American Cold War policy for years to come. It advocated the worldwide containment of Communism and major rearmament. The report emphasized the need for an American commitment to fighting Communism globally, not just in Europe, and pointed to military intervention as the most effective form of containment.]]> 2023-02-21 22:26:32 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490340197 Korean War (JUNE 25, 1950 — JULY 27, 1953) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490340978 The Korean War began on June 25, 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea in an effort to unify the two countries. The UN and the United States soon intervened, hoping to halt the spread of Communism to the South. After securing the 38th parallel border, the US aimed to “liberate” North Korea from Communism rather than just allowing the countries to return to pre-war terms. US and UN forces were unsuccessful in unifying the countries under South Korean rule. The conflict ended on July 26, 1953, following two years of peace negotiations that left North and South Korea divided.]]> 2023-02-21 22:27:31 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490340978 ⭐Stalin assumed Power USSR ( 21 January 1924) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490342376 Lenin died on 21 January 1924. Stalin was given the honour of organizing his funeral. Upon Lenin's death, Stalin was officially hailed as his successor as the leader of the ruling Communist Party and of the Soviet Union itself.


]]> 2023-02-21 22:30:06 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490342376 HYDROGEN BOMB TEST (1952) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490346478 In 1952 the United States exploded a hydrogen bomb on Eniwetok, an island in the Pacific Ocean. The detonation destroyed the island and sent up a three-mile-wide mushroom cloud. The successful test marked a new era in the arms race.]]> 2023-02-21 22:37:08 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490346478 ⭐DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER ELECTED US President (NOVEMBER 4, 1952) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490347072 Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower was easily elected president of the United States in 1952 with 442 electoral votes and 55.2 percent of the popular vote. In 1957 Congress approved the Eisenhower Doctrine, which extended the Truman Doctrine and provided military and economic support in the Middle East to Arab countries attempting to suppress Communist-nationalistic rebellions. In his 1961 farewell address to the nation, Eisenhower famously warned the nation about the symbiotic relationship between defense contractors and the armed forces—dubbing it “a military-industrial complex.”]]> 2023-02-21 22:38:15 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490347072 The Eisenhower Doctrine (January 1957) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490347691 Congress approved it in March of the same year. Under the Eisenhower Doctrine, a country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from U.S. military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. Eisenhower singled out the Soviet threat in his doctrine by authorizing the commitment of U.S. forces “to secure and protect the territorial integrity and political independence of such nations, requesting such aid against overt armed aggression from any nation controlled by international communism.”]]> 2023-02-21 22:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490347691 ARMY-MCCARTHY HEARINGS (1954) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348195 Senator Joseph McCarthy began a series of televised congressional investigations into communists in the US Army. The broadcasts exposed McCarthy as an unscrupulous bully, and the Senate eventually voted to censure McCarthy for his conduct during the hearings]]> 2023-02-21 22:40:22 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348195 BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (US May 17, 1954) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348592 In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme Court struck down the Plessy v. Ferguson “separate but equal” decision when it ruled that segregation of public school children based on race was unconstitutional.]]> 2023-02-21 22:41:05 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348592 Warsaw Pact (May 14, 1955) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348958 In 1955, eight Communist Bloc countries signed the Warsaw Pact, a “Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance,” to form a mutual defense coalition. Force comparisons became the centerpiece of the Cold War.]]> 2023-02-21 22:41:53 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490348958 NATO was formed (April 4, 1949) WASHINGTON DC! vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490350113 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was established in 1949 as an alliance among Western European and North American nations with the goal of containing communism.
At present, NATO has 30 members. In 1949, there were 12 founding members of the Alliance: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.]]> 2023-02-21 22:44:09 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490350113 MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT (December 6, 1955) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490350654 The Montgomery bus boycott began on December 6, 1955, prompted by the arrest five days earlier of Rosa Parks, who had refused to give up her seat on the bus for a white passenger. The boycotters, led by Martin Luther King Jr., walked and carpooled to protest segregation in public transportation. They faced harassment and violence from white police and residents. In November 1956, the Supreme Court ruled in Gayle et al. v. Browser that segregation of the city’s buses was unconstitutional. African Americans returned to Montgomery’s buses on December 21, 1956.]]> 2023-02-21 22:45:15 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490350654 SPUTNIK I (October 4, 1957) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351138 Created by the Soviet Union, Sputnik I became the first satellite launched into space in October 1957. It was followed by Sputnik II a month later. The launch of the two satellites marked the beginning of the space race as a high stakes competition with national security implications between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviets’ success in launching the satellites also prompted the US to increase federal spending on education and technology advances.]]> 2023-02-21 22:46:18 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351138 NUCLEAR TEST MORATORIUM (OCTOBER 31, 1958) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351455 The United States began a voluntary nuclear test moratorium in hopes that the USSR would agree to do the same. The Soviets resisted at first, completing tests on November 1 and 3, 1958, before beginning a self-imposed twelve-month ban.]]> 2023-02-21 22:46:55 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351455 NASA ESTABLISHED (JULY 29, 1958) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351735 The National Aeronautics and Space Act established the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA). The primary mission of the agency was to promote manned space flight.]]> 2023-02-21 22:47:28 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490351735 BERLIN WALL ERECTED (1961) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490352220 Soviet and East German troops began building the Berlin Wall to close off the western part of city after shutting down interallied checkpoints.]]> 2023-02-21 22:48:23 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490352220 Bay of Pigs Invasion (April 17, 1961) *a.k.a. Valeria's Birthday (am I a pig?) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490352880 n an invasion planned by the United States Central Intelligence Agency and approved by the Kennedy administration, US-backed Cuban anti-Castro forces landed at the Bay of Pigs but were overcome by Castro’s troops. More than 1100 men were captured in an embarrassing defeat. The prisoners were eventually ransomed back to the US in exchange for food and medicine.]]> 2023-02-21 22:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490352880 JOHN F. KENNEDY ELECTED PRESIDENT (November 8, 1960) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490353445 In a close election, Democrat John F. Kennedy edged out Republican Richard Nixon to win the presidency. Kennedy won by fewer than 117,000 popular votes.

]]> 2023-02-21 22:50:35 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490353445 March on Washington (August 28, 1963) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490353856 Martin Luther King Jr. and others led more than 200,000 civil rights supporters in a March on Washington. There, King delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, declaring that “we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.”]]> 2023-02-21 22:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490353856 ⭐JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATED (November 22, 1963) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490354312 President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed by assassin Lee Harvey Oswald while riding in a motorcade through Dallas, Texas, on November 22, 1963. Vice President Lyndon Johnson was sworn in as president upon Kennedy’s death.]]> 2023-02-21 22:52:11 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490354312 CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (October 16, 1962-October 28, 1962) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490355009 On October 16, 1962, President Kennedy learned of Soviet plans for missile installation in Cuba and announced a blockade of Cuba to prevent more missiles from entering the country. In the following days, Kennedy and Khrushchev exchanged messages under mutual threat of nuclear war. On October 28, Khrushchev agreed to halt missile work in Cuba, and Kennedy promised to withdraw missiles from Turkey. The agreement put an end to the crisis and averted an escalation to major nuclear conflict.]]> 2023-02-21 22:53:26 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490355009 US AIR STRIKES IN VIETNAM (February 24, 1965) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490355435 In 1965, President Johnson authorized Operation Rolling Thunder, a sustained series of air strikes on North Vietnam that lasted until November 1968. On March 8, 1965, the first American combat troops entered South Vietnam.]]> 2023-02-21 22:54:15 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490355435 ⭐LYNDON JOHNSON ELECTED PRESIDENT (November 3, 1964) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490356051 Incumbent Lyndon B. Johnson was easily elected president over Republican Barry Goldwater by more than fifteen million popular votes. Johnson announced his “Great Society” plan in his 1965 State of the Union address. The program called for a “war on poverty,” with social welfare legislation and increased federal support for education, health care, and voting rights. The costs of and civil strife over the Vietnam War discouraged LBJ, and he did not run for another term.]]> 2023-02-21 22:55:14 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490356051 MY LAI MASSACRE (MARCH 16, 1968) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490356434 In the South Vietnam village of My Lai, American infantrymen murdered more than five hundred men, women, and children. The atrocities at My Lai came to light in the American media in early 1969, stunning the public and helping to turn national opinion against the war.]]> 2023-02-21 22:56:01 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490356434 ⭐Stalin Dies (5 March 1953) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490357375 He died suddenly in early March 1953 after a short illness, which was described in a series of medical bulletins in the Soviet newspaper Pravda. Based on both the clinical history and autopsy findings, it was concluded that Stalin had died of a massive hemorrhagic stroke involving his left cerebral hemisphere.]]> 2023-02-21 22:57:49 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490357375 ⭐Nikita Khruschchev (March 1953) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490357976 After Stalin died in March 1953, he was succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev as First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and Georgy Malenkov as Premier of the Soviet Union.]]> 2023-02-21 22:58:55 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490357976 MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. ASSASSINATED (April 4, 1968) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490358587 Martin Luther King Jr. was shot and killed by James Earl Ray outside King’s room at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. The assassination sparked mourning and riots across the country.]]> 2023-02-21 22:59:46 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490358587 ROBERT KENNEDY ASSASSINATED (June 5, 1968) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359064 Just hours after the close of the California Democratic primary, presidential hopeful Senator Robert F. Kennedy was shot by Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy died a day later of his wounds. ]]> 2023-02-21 23:00:39 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359064 ⭐RICHARD NIXON ELECTED PRESIDENT (November 5, 1968) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359536 In the presidential election of 1968, Republican Richard Nixon faced off against Democrat Hubert Humphrey and American Independent Party candidate George Wallace. In a time of great divisions among Americans and violent protests over Vietnam, the Cold War, and race, Nixon seemed to promise stability and order.]]> 2023-02-21 23:01:23 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359536 Moon Landing (July 20, 1969) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359815 The US Apollo 11 was the first manned space craft to land on the moon. Astronaut Neil Armstrong’s first steps on the moon’s surface were watched by hundreds of millions in a live television broadcast of the landing.]]> 2023-02-21 23:01:57 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490359815 INVASION OF CAMBODIA KENT STATE MASSACRE (APRIL 30, 1970 — MAY 4, 1970) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490360317 Richard Nixon announced the US invasion of Cambodia in 1970. The news prompted protests and anger among the public. Four people were killed and nine wounded when the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of anti-war protestors at Kent State University.]]> 2023-02-21 23:03:01 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2490360317 "First" Cold War (1953-63) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491290155 -Rising tensions
-Establishment of blocs
-Mao's China (1949)
-Korean War (1950-53)]]> 2023-02-22 15:06:48 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491290155 Global Cold War (1953-63) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491292933 -Expansion of spheres of influence
-Nuclear weapons
-Decolonization and "hot crises" (Suez '56; Berlin'58-61; Cuba '59-62)]]> 2023-02-22 15:08:50 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491292933 Peaceful Coexistence (1963-72) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491294675 -Early US-Soviet talks
-Vietnam War
-"Space race"
-1968 Uprisings]]> 2023-02-22 15:10:06 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491294675 Detente (1972-80) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491297831 -US-USSR and US-PRC negotiations
-End of Bretton Woods and "oil shocks"
-Iranian Revolution (1978-79")]]> 2023-02-22 15:12:27 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2491297831 Color coding vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600265937 Blue: USA
Red: USSR AND RUSSIA
Yellow: China
Green: Other
Star: presidents]]> 2023-05-22 15:39:57 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600265937 Start of détente (1972) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600266102 It started when Richard Nixon visited soviet leader Brezhnev in 1972]]> 2023-05-22 15:40:07 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600266102 How each country saw the détente https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600269427 US: arms control and human rights progress
USSR: legitimizing their status as a world power and expamding their sphere of influence ]]> 2023-05-22 15:42:45 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600269427 ⭐Leonid Brezhnev goes to the office (1964) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600275607  After Khrushchev's removal from power in 1964, Brezhnev emerged as the General Secretary of the CPSU. He also served as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1960 to 1964 and later as the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (renamed from Presidium in 1966) from 1977 until his death in 1982.]]> 2023-05-22 15:47:34 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600275607 ⭐Andropov goes to power (1982-84) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600278192  Andropov succeeded Brezhnev as the General Secretary of the CPSU in 1982. However, his tenure was short-lived as he passed away in 1984.]]> 2023-05-22 15:49:35 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600278192 ⭐Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-1991) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600279528 Gorbachev became the General Secretary of the CPSU in 1985. He introduced significant reforms, including the policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring). Gorbachev served as the head of state until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.]]> 2023-05-22 15:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600279528 ⭐Gerald Ford (1974-1977) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600292116 Ford, quien era el vicepresidente de Nixon, se convirtió en el 38º presidente de los Estados Unidos tras la renuncia de Nixon. Fue el único presidente de la historia del país que no fue elegido ni como presidente ni como vicepresidente. Su presidencia se centró en la estabilización del país después del escándalo de Watergate y en abordar cuestiones económicas y energéticas.]]> 2023-05-22 16:01:00 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600292116 Jimmy Carter (1977-1981) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600293915 Durante su presidencia, se centró en temas como los derechos humanos, el proceso de paz en Oriente Medio y la crisis de rehenes en Irán. Sin embargo, su mandato estuvo marcado por desafíos económicos y energéticos, así como por la crisis de los rehenes estadounidenses en Irán.]]> 2023-05-22 16:02:23 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600293915 ⭐Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600311969  fue reelegido en 1984. Su presidencia se caracterizó por su enfoque en la economía, la reducción de impuestos, la desregulación y la política exterior anticomunista. Es recordado por su rol en el fin de la Guerra Fría y su famoso llamado a Mijaíl Gorbachov, líder de la Unión Soviética, para "derribar ese muro" en referencia al Muro de Berlín.]]> 2023-05-22 16:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600311969 "Second" Cold War (1981-91) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600314221 2023-05-22 16:19:39 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600314221 December 27, 1979: The USSR invades Afghanistan vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600316445 US leads Iranian Revolution]]> 2023-05-22 16:21:35 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600316445 "Volcker Shocks" (1980-1981) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600322705 P. volcker --> Chairman of Federal Reserve (1979-87)
Peaking interest rates to curb inflation
Process of Stagflagtion --> Caused by Oil Schock


The first Volcker Shock occurred in October 1979 when the Federal Reserve announced a significant increase in the benchmark interest rate, the federal funds rate. This sudden and substantial increase in interest rates was intended to curb inflationary pressures but also had the effect of causing a severe recession.


The second Volcker Shock took place in 1981. The Federal Reserve continued its tight monetary policy by raising interest rates even higher to combat persistently high inflation. This led to a deep recession, although it eventually succeeded in reducing inflation.


The Volcker Shocks had far-reaching consequences, including high levels of unemployment and economic contraction. However, they were effective in breaking the inflationary spiral that had plagued the U.S. economy. By the mid-1980s, inflation had significantly decreased, paving the way for a period of sustained economic growth.

]]> 2023-05-22 16:27:18 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600322705 Reagan Doctrine (6 Feb, 1985) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600326242
  • Support for Anti-Communist Movements: The United States pledged support for anti-communist insurgencies and resistance movements around the world that were fighting against Soviet-backed or communist governments. This support often involved military aid, training, and other forms of assistance to these groups.
  • Rollback of Soviet Influence: The Reagan Doctrine aimed to roll back Soviet influence and control in various regions, particularly in Third World countries. The United States sought to challenge Soviet-backed governments and undermine their influence by supporting opposition groups and promoting democracy.
  • Military Buildup and Defense Spending: The Reagan Doctrine emphasized a significant military buildup and increased defense spending to strengthen the United States and deter Soviet aggression. This included the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), a proposed missile defense system to protect against nuclear attacks.
  • Assertive U.S. Leadership: The doctrine called for assertive U.S. leadership on the global stage, advocating for the promotion of American values and interests worldwide. It sought to project American strength and influence while challenging Soviet dominance.

    • ]]>     2023-05-22 16:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600326242     June 23 to June 25, 1967: The Glassboro Summit. SALT (strat. arms limitation talk) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600330699 Glassboro Conference, took place in Glassboro, New Jersey, United States. It was a historic meeting between U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin that occurred from June 23 to June 25, 1967. The summit was held at Glassboro State College (now known as Rowan University) in Glassboro, a town located in southern New Jersey. The meeting was significant as it was one of the few direct face-to-face talks between leaders of the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War era.]]> 2023-05-22 16:33:53 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600330699 The Soviet Union dissolved on December 26, 1991 vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600331326 2023-05-22 16:34:29 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600331326 George H. W. Bush (1989-1993) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600333898 Durante su presidencia, enfrentó desafíos como la caída del comunismo en Europa del Este, la Guerra del Golfo Pérsico y problemas económicos internos.]]> 2023-05-22 16:36:34 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600333898 First “oil shock” (Oct. 1973 – Mar. 1974) vfloresieu2022 https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600342549 2023-05-22 16:44:12 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2600342549 The Short 20th century begins (1914-1991) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601355098 -World adopted a bipolar view of the world with the US and USSR
    -3 main explanations -> orthodox, revisionist, and post-revisionist
    -Cold war begins (1945) -> ideological struggle

    ]]>     2023-05-23 08:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601355098     What moved Stalin to want to ally with the West? (at the start) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601361926 -Prevent Germany + Japan from re-gaining PWR
    -Legitimizing the new USSR borders
    -Confirm its sphere of influence in E Europe
    -Cooperation necessary for reconstruction
    -British-American differences to surface]]>     2023-05-23 08:12:18 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601361926     1st Cold War begins (1945-53) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601368343 -FDR dies 
    -Conference of San Francisco -> UN creation
    -May 8th -> Germany surrenders
    -Kennan's telegram to Truman-> about the orthodox view
    -US nuclear monopoly (1945-49)
    -Different foreign interests ]]>     2023-05-23 08:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601368343     20th CPSU. Khruschchev's secret speech (1956) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601530239 -Bold speech
    -De-stalinize USSR -> unmasking all the things Stalin did -> win the people ]]>     2023-05-23 10:43:14 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601530239     Kitchen debate (1959) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601533451 Nixon (vice of US) visited Moscow in July-> in a press conference -> making jokes between him and Nikita in a friendly way. Later that year, in September, Nikita visited Nixon in Texas scared about the technological PWR of the US-> potential threat]]> 2023-05-23 10:46:15 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601533451 Geneva Conference (May 1959) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601542631 Cold pact, Kremlin and the White house disagreed. ]]> 2023-05-23 10:56:00 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601542631 Madrid Pact (1953) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601558574 Between Eisenhower and Franco. For the US, Spain becomes attractive due to its location, and non-communist orientation. It's location it's good due to-> Canary Islands, Gibraltar. However, Spain didn't receive $ from the Marshall Plan. Having military basis in exchange for economic assistance]]> 2023-05-23 11:14:01 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601558574 Kennedy- "Alianza del progreso" https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601589581 US aid to Latin America (0ver 20 billion). Venezuela was the greatest recipient]]> 2023-05-23 11:44:29 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601589581 Non-Proliferation Treaty (July 1968) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601729750 non proliferation, disarment, peaceful aims. Nuclear pwr only for civilian powers ]]> 2023-05-23 13:32:54 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601729750 Limited Ban Theory (Oct, 1963) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601731067 Only underground tests allowed]]> 2023-05-23 13:33:48 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601731067 1st Bretton Woods Conference (1944) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601763568 Keynes + Harry White -> negative growth in real US GDP]]> 2023-05-23 13:54:27 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601763568 End of Bretton Woods System (1972) https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601769757 End of the fixed convertibility between US dollar and gold. (WTO, World Bank, and IMF)]]> 2023-05-23 13:58:29 UTC https://padlet.com/vfloresieu2022/pll72jsu1b7b4guo/wish/2601769757