Q2.Because the inscriptions say the same thing in three different scripts, and scholars could still read Ancient Greek, the Rosetta Stone became a valuable key to deciphering the hieroglyphs.

Q3.The Rosetta Stone holds the key to understanding Egyptian hieroglyphs—a script made up of small pictures that was used originally in ancient Egypt for religious texts.

Q2.The stones were moved with Ramps and levers there were also lots of people moving the stone.

Q3. The pyramids were tombs for pharaohs, symbolizing divine power and afterlife beliefs. They demonstrated architectural prowess, played a role in funerary practices, and reflected cultural identity and astronomical knowledge.

From recent scientific studies, archeologists think that the reason for Machu Picchu was to provide a safe place and shelter for the Inca emperor whose name was Pachacuti.

The Incas people used techniques to help create the buildings of Machu Picchu. They used terracing to make the steep slopes of the mountains smoother and easier to work with turning them into places for farming and building.

The Parthenon is represented as a symbol of democracy. The idea of 'ruling by the people' was established in Greece as a political system at the same time as the Parthenon was built, in the mid-fifth century BC. The Parthenon, is a physical symbol of perfection and the ideal for the Greeks at the time, proving that when one achieved true perfection, they would attain power and status. The fact that the Parthenon's construction was finished in less than fifteen years, with all its complexities and artistic designs, is a testament to Athenian power, unity, and it's mythological history.

2. What role did the site play in the political and cultural life of the city-state?

The Parthenon is often regarded as a monument to democracy, which was founded in Athens during this period, (492–449 BCE).The Parthenon also represents Athenian dominance over both the Delian League and all of Greece.

3. What is the primary function of this and who were the main gods and goddesses who worshipped here?

   
   

   When the Parthenon was built it was dedicated to the twelve gods and to the living Sovran. The main goddess that was worshiped and prayed over at the Parthenon was Athena. A stature stands of Athena at the site of Parthenonn and she continues to be worshipped by many today.

The theories of Stonehenge say it could be a burial monument, a meeting place between chiefdoms, or even an astronomical “computer.”

Question 2: What do the stones and the construction techniques tell us about the builders knowledge and skills?

It shows a great skill of engineering. They dug pits and ramps and lined with a row of wooden stakes at the back of the hole.

Question 3: How does this site connect to other similar sites or cultural practices in the region?

What is the primary function of this and who were the main gods and goddesses who worshipped here?

When the Parthenon was built it was dedicated to the twelve gods and to the living Sovran. The main goddess that was worshiped and prayed over at the Parthenon was Athena. A stature stands of Athena at the site of Parthenonn and she continues to be worshipped by many today.

Pompeii was preserved in the 18^th century because it provided a special source of information for scientists about their life in the ancient world. According to Britannica, there were remains of people sheltering from the eruption, others lay buried and they were still loaves in the ovens. Scientists have found many valuable artifacts preserved in Pompeii such as jewellery that are used to status them, artworks like graffiti and food.

What new knowledge do the artifacts and buildings provide about the social and economic life of the society?

The artifacts and buildings left behind give us information on how people lived in specific times and places. This includes what they believed in, infrastructure, and how they interacted with each other. Finding new ancient writings can provide us with information on what happened during that time. This will then be recorded in our history of languages. Buildings of ancient infrastructure can help us understand how they used to build things and structure layouts compared to the present. Some artifacts did not have any written language on them, so artifacts are the only remains of clues provided for us to understand how ancient people lived. Cultural beliefs/traditions sometimes change over time, we figured this out by using writings and artifacts or even by passing down messages.

How did the city's inhabitants react to the disaster, and what evidence of this has been found?

The people of Pompeii were living their lives unaware of the fact that Mount Vesuvius was a volcano. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 ADS buried the town in a thick layer of volcanic ash. The humans killed by the wave of ash were found in positions suggesting desperate attempts to escape or seek shelter.

Stonehenge is a place in southern England. It is a burial monument, a meeting place between chiefdoms, or even an astronomical "computer".

Question 2: What do the stones and construction techniques tell us about the builders knowledge and skills?

Stonehenge is a master piece of engineering, it is built using only simple tools and technologies. Mr Johnson believes the geometrical knowledge eventually used plan, pre-fabricate and erect Stonehenge was learnt empirically hundreds of years earlier through the construction of much simpler monuments.

Question 3: How does this site connect to other similar sites or cultural in the region?

Stonehenge had been inspired by hundred or thousands of artists, poets, photographers and more. In the recent years the monument at Stonehenge has also become central to many alternative/pagan religions, with groups of Druids, Wiccans, Pagans etc. congregating at the solstices.

Origin - The creator of the article is Jessica Brain, a freelance writer specialising in history. She published this article on the 15th of February 2023 and it was written in Kent, UK.

Purpose - This source was created to give readers knowledge of the finding of Tutankhamun's tomb. It is intended for the audiences of adults who either work as an historian or if they're interested in it and university students studying for it.

Content - The source provides information on when the tomb was found, who found it and what it meant to the historians and archaeologists to have found a valuable piece of history.

Value - This source is valuable for understanding the past as it gives a backstory of who found it and what he felt after finding it. The source goes into a in-depth story about Howard Carters life which makes the source special because not all sites go into that much depth.

Limitations - The source doesn't tell us much about what they did with the items and what they discovered it just cuts off after they are full of joy finding the tomb.

The source - https://historic-uk.com/HistoryUK/HistoryofBritain/Howard-Carter-Tutankhamun/

The Rosetta Stone is one of the most famous objects in the British Museum. But what is it?

The Stone is a broken part of a bigger stone slab. It has a message carved into it, written in three types of writing. It was an important clue that helped experts learn to read Egyptian hieroglyphs (a writing system that used pictures as signs).

O: Written by a journalist or historian that works in the British Museum, published on the 14th of July in 2017.

P: This source was created to inform different people such as archaeologists and historians as well as curious people who want to know more about the stone, it's intended to give the readers an understanding of what this stone actually symbolises and what it is.

C: This source is meant to provide information on what this stone actually is and why it's such a big deal, what's on the stone and how it can be important.

V: This source can not only inform people about what it is and give them an understanding of it, but the information can also be transferred with your knowledge to other major discoveries involving the Egyptian language and events (like the pyramids, the Rosetta stone made a significant difference to helping understand them better).

L: Unfortunately, this article was officially published in the 21st century, which is 3 centuries after the actual discovery (which was found in 1799 July), so we aren't 100% confirmative with all the details, due to these reasons, it is classified as a secondary source which in most ways, aren't as reliable or strong in evidence as a primary source.

Purpose: To inform people who are interested in the Pompeii eruption about a loaf of bread that was found in an oven during the Mount Vesuvius eruption.

Content: The news article, explained how Pompeii was frozen in time and what human remains found at Pompeii have taught the world. Surprisingly, during the Mount Vesuvius eruption, a loaf of bread was discovered in an oven, covered in ash. The new article has shown us It also explained what other artifacts that scientists have found other than the loaf of bread.

Value: this source helps answer our questions by giving us an understanding of what happened to Pompeii and its discoveries that fascinate the world. It shows us the importance of the Mount Vesuvius Eruption and what we have learnt from it.

Limitations: The news article doesn’t state where they got the information from since it’s a secondary source and doesn’t have credible people to back up the information written in the text. The news article didn’t seem trustworthy because it looked sketchy. After all, there were a lot of ads next to the text. 

ORIGIN: This source is written by The Editors of the Madain Project. N.D. but an educated guess would be a couple of months after the tragic event.

PURPOSE: This source was created to inform us about the infrastructure of Pompeii and how it was specifically built. It was intended to withstand attacks and provide a formidable barrier against invaders.

CONTENT: This source provides us with an understanding of how the fortifications of Pompeii played a crucial role in protecting its inhabitants from external threats. The infrastructure showcased the Romans expertise in military architecture and urban planning.

VALUE: The advanced thinking in Roman times were fascinating. This source illustrates how they were specifically created for military use, and what makes it special is that we continue to use them to this day.

LIMITATIONS: The weakness of this source is that it doesn’t tell us specifically who wrote it. Instead, they put “The editors of the Madain Project” Which isn’t clear enough.

Britannica

Parthenon, temple that dominates the hill of the Acropolis at Athens. It was built in the mid-5th century bce and dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena Parthenos (“Athena the Virgin”). The temple is generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order, the simplest of the three Classical Greek architectural orders.

O- Written by Alicja Zelazko. Last updated in 2024.

P- To inform and educate the reader.

C- This paragraph is about what the Parthenon is, when it was built, why it was built, the architecture, and what it represents.

V- This source is important to help understand what the Parthenon is, when it was built, why it was built, the architecture, and what it represents.

L- This text doesn't tell us much about why it was built and how it was built. It is very short and limited amount of text with points with little explanation.

Source-https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parthenon

Content: The source provides information about how and when the Rosetta stone was found and why it is important. It also shows what the stone is used for and how unique the information on the stone is.

Purpose: 2001. In January 2001, Wikipedia began as a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process. The name was suggested by Sanger on 11 January 2001 as a portmanteau of the words wiki (Hawaiian for "quick") and encyclopedia. The purpose of the text is to explain how useful the Rosetta stone is to Egyptian hieroglphs.

Value: Wikipedia helps us by giving huge amount of information about anything that is "special". It helps us by informing Comprehensive stats about a certain object.

Limitations: Because this source is open to not only the creater but also volunteers, this means the information given might not be that accurate. It won't tell us where its stats are from and therefore some might be fake.

Purpose :The purpose of this text is to inform the reader of the historic landmark Machu Picchu and its rich past. This tells us that Machu Picchu is an incredible archaeological site that showcases the engineering and architectural skills of the Inca civilization.

Content The web page has images and text to back up their facts such as Machu Picchu is an old Incan city located in the Andes Mountains of Peru. It is often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas" and was built in the 15th century but abandoned during the Spanish Conquest. The site was rediscovered in 1911 by American historian Hiram Bingham.

 Value :The value of this source is very helpful for people to know a basic understanding of the topic but the is a great chance that there are way better websites with reliable info. For this task it has been very helpful.

Limits : Since the source is from Wikipedia it is not certain that its very reliable some things may be true though.

The website

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu

DIYA: https://www.britannica.com/place/Pompeii

Origin: the source is written by Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski (a writer) on the website Britannica and was published on August 12^th 2024

Purpose: to inform people who are interested in the Pompeii eruption about where and how it erupted.

Content: This source provides us with an understanding of where Pompeii is and how the nature around it is and how it is supported by many inhabitants at the time of the destruction

Value: this source helps give us an understanding by investigating the human remains of Pompeii. These remains help scientist understand the environment Pompeii at the time

Limitations: It doesn’t give us many information about the daily lives of the people of Pompeii before the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. Their should be more information on this so we get a better understanding of how they were living.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/stonehenge-1

Stonehenge in southern England ranks among the world's most iconic archaeological sites and one of its greatest enigmas. The megalithic circle on Salisbury Plain inspires awe and fascination—but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built by ancient Britons who left no written record.

Origin: James Owens created the source on National Geographic. It was created in the recent years or months.

Purpose: The source was created to let people know more about Stonehenge

Content: The source provides where Stonehenge is located and who built the Stonehenge and some more information.

Value: The source might be useful for knowing where it located or who it was created but mostly it isn't really useful.

Limitation: The weakness of the source is it doesn't tell us much about the history of Stonehenge and some cultural in the region.

Purpose: The purpose is to explain a recent scientific discovery about how Egyptians might have moved large stones for pyramid construction by reducing friction using wet sand, making the process more efficient.

Content/Value: The article presents a simplified explanation of a scientific study, making complex research accessible to a general audience. It highlights how ancient Egyptians might have used a clever technique to reduce friction when moving stones, supported by experiments and historical evidence, like a tomb painting.

Limitations: The article may oversimplify the scientific details and does not critically examine alternative theories or potential flaws in the research. It is also limited by its focus on making the topic engaging for a broad audience, potentially sacrificing depth for readability.

Please remember the following text:

O: This source is a document from the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, with an unknown publisher.

P: The purpose of this source is to inform the public, especially individuals aged 18 and above, historians, and researchers, about the significance of Machu Picchu, including its purpose and the people responsible for its construction. The article aims to provide an understanding of the importance and uniqueness of the Machu Picchu structure.

C: The article contains various types of information, including a long, detailed essay and a short section with bullet points about Machu Picchu's location and significance.

V: The website was quite informative due to the amount of detail they used however some of the vocabulary was aimed at older viewers rather than children.

L: Some of the downsides of this article were that it didn't mention how the Inca people lived and what their lives were like at the time of the build.

Purpose- This article was created to inform people about the past. People interested in history would love to read this article.

Content- This article explains when the Dead Sea Scrolls were found, where they were made, where they are now, and much more.

Value- This source is very useful for people who are interested in history and interesting artifacts from the past.

Limitations- The article has great information about the Dead Sea Scrolls, but I think Philip should've made the information more clear.

O - the piece is written by 2024 Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County, Tennessee

P - the purpose of this source is to provide information about the Parthenon to different people such as historians, archaeologists or just anyone interested about the topic.

C - this sources provides information on where the discovery is, a detailed description of the appearance, and its origin.

V - this source is important and valuable to inform everyone how important this archaeological discovery is and why. it helps people understand where when and why it was built, and the architecture.

L - This source doesn't really tell us about what the Parthenon represents. I think the importance of the Parthenon really includes the democracy it created and I think if people are interested in the Parthenon, that is what they should read about first.

source - https://www.nashville.gov/departments/parks/parthenon

But what do we know about Tut? Although many details of his reign remain lost to time, historians have spent years trying to piece together the pharaoh’s life and legacy. Here’s what they’ve learned—and the biggest questions that remain.

Origin

the creator of the article was written by Amy Mckeever. She published the article on the 19th of October 2022. Amy Mckeever is a National Geographic writer. She is also known as a Digital editorial manager at the national geographic.

purpose. the source was created to give readers ideas and knowledgeable information about Tutankhamun's tomb. this intends for the audiences of adults or historians and even high school kids to find out more about Tutankhamun's tomb and are interested to find more.

content

the source provides pieces of information on when the tomb was found, who found it, and what it means to the historians or archaeologists who found valuable pieces of information.

value The source is valuable for understanding the past as it gives us a back story of the original who discovered it and how he felt when he found the tomb. the source goes into depth about the writes life.

limitation the source doesn't tell us alot what happened with the items and how and what they discovered the tomb.

the source https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/king-tutankhamun

Purpose: The purpose of this news article is to show how the human remains of the Pompeii people show scientists their daily lives.

Content: this source tells us about the people who got covered in ash because of the volcano and their backstory.

Value: this source helps us know what they ate how they lived a long time ago and what was their home like because their food and everyday objects got covered in ash, so it was preserved. So, people now can see what they ate or what they used.

Limitations: it doesn’t give us any information about the two maidens or how scientists know the age is accurate.

Built during a time when Egypt was one of the richest and most powerful civilizations in the world, the pyramids—especially the Great Pyramids of Giza—are some of the most magnificent man-made structures in history. Their massive scale reflects the unique role that the pharaoh, or king, played in ancient Egyptian society. Though pyramids were built from the beginning of the Old Kingdom to the close of the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the peak of pyramid building began with the late third dynasty and continued until roughly the sixth (c. 2325 B.C.). More than 4,000 years later, the Egyptian pyramids still retain much of their majesty, providing a glimpse into the country’s rich and glorious past.

Origin - The creator of this source is History.com editors, a team of specialized journalists. This article was published on October 14, 2009.

Purpose - This article was created to help People of the modern generation understand the ways of the ancient Egyptians in the pre-history period. Historians can gain a better understanding from a trusted secondary source about the ancient Egyptians.

Content: This source provides information about the tombs and chambers within the pyramids, as well as telling us the period the pyramids were built in, who occupied the pyramids and what their roles were during this time.

Value: This source has a meaningful value with great information about what was in the pyramids and in-depth analysis about when the pyramids were built and how they are valuable, which can be very useful for historians.

Limitaions: This source does not tell us about the size and proportions of the pyramids. It also does not tell us what was found in the pyramids other than tombs of pharaohs which could be useful to historians that were not there to see for themselves.

Khufu's son, Khafre, built the second pyramid at Giza, circa 2520 B.C. His necropolis, or burial ground, stands out on the landscape because it also includes the Sphinx, a mysterious limestone monument with the body of a lion and the head of a pharaoh. The Sphinx, which before the 1800s spent thousands of years buried in the sand with only its head visible, may stand sentinel for the pharaoh’s tomb complex, although there’s no definitive proof that he built it.

Origin: This article was written by Brian Handwerk on the 21st of December 2023. Brian Handwerk is an established writer and journalist for the well-known and trusted company National Geographic.

Purpose: This article was created to give readers a strong understanding of how the pyramids were built and who built them. This article was intended for people who want to learn about the ancient pyramids or for people curious to study the topic.

Content: The content this source applies is the ways the pyramids were built and how many people or what species built them.

Value: The value of this source is the very well-known and trusted name it has been going on forever and I think it's probably the most valued website it goes into detail about the topic and has lots of corroboration with other sources.

Limitations: This source doesn't have many limitations although I think they could be a bit more exact with some of their information lot of the time it's just estimated.

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/giza-pyramids

Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian with inscriptions in several languages and scripts; their decipherment led to the understanding of hieroglyphic writing. An irregularly shaped stone of black granite 3 feet 9 inches (114 cm) long and 2 feet 4.5 inches (72 cm) wide, and broken in antiquity, it was found near the town of Rosetta (Rashīd), about 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Alexandria.

O: It was written in 205-180BC by Ptolemy.

P: It was created so that it could inform people about the Ancient Hieroglyphs

The Parthenon is a famous temple that was built around 430 BC when the ancient Greek Empire was at its peak. It was dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena. Throughout the years, it has withstood earthquakes, fires, wars and more. Today it is one of the most recognized buildings in the world.

O. Written by a history.com editor, published on the 2nd of February 2018.

P. The purpose of this source is to inform people about the history of The Parthenon. To learn about, how it was built, why it it was built and who were the main people involved in its history.

V. This source is useful to fill in gaps and find out new facts about a piece of history

L. Some weakness this source has is it does not show much of the people who were involved when the Parthenon was built.

Source-

https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-greece/parthenon

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Stonehenge

Origin: This sours was first issued in 1768,It was published by Colin Macfarquhar.

Purpose: Throughout history, the Britannica has had two aims: to be an excellent reference book, and to provide educational material. In 1974, the 15th edition adopted a third goal: to systematize all human knowledge.

Content: The source gives decent

Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

The Rosetta Stone, a symbol for different things to different people, is a dark-colored granodiorite stela inscribed with the same text in three scripts – Demotic, hieroglyphic and Greek. In July 1799, the stone was found in the city of Rosetta (modern el Rashid) by French soldiers during Napoleon’s  invasion of Egypt.

C: This source is providing how the stone was discovered and its significance of it. The source also deeply delves into ancient hieroglyphs and the Egyptian language discovered through this stone. It has many images showcasing the stone and the ancient language and has lots of paragraphs.

O: It was written in 2023 by Foy Scalf in the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago

P: The source was made to provide people with information about the Rosetta stone and how it has changed our perspective on ancient Egypt. It also marvels people by talking about the discovery of the stone.

V: The reason the Rosetta stone is so significant is because it made us able to understand all the ancient carving the Egyptians did and we understood all the artifacts they left for us to see. We could understand inventions the Egyptians made and understood how they lived their life without all of the things we have today.

L: The weakness of the source is that it has no specific date and just says 2023 instead of the day and month. This makes it harder to know if it is as reliable, but it was determined reliable due to it being an organisation.