Rhetorical Appeals & Logical Fallacies by Riley Hughes https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj Notes about ethos, logos, pathos, and some logical fallacies. Created for Skatrud’s Public Speaking class en-us 2016-12-15 21:59:10 UTC 2016-12-16 19:36:57 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Send.png Ethos 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128101
def:appeal to ethics or credibility
ex:“Our expertise in roofing contracting is evidenced not only by our 100 years in the business and our staff of qualified technicians, but in the decades of satisfied customers who have come to expect nothing but the best.”
Explanation: It provides credibility by saying 100 years in business.]]> 2016-12-16 19:31:03 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128101 Pathos 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128220 def:appeal to emotion
ex:Ads encouraging donations, show small children living in pathetic conditions to evoke pity in people to urge them to donate for the cause
Explanation: Makes people sad that their are small children in pathetic conditions to provoke them to donate
]]> 2016-12-16 19:31:41 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128220 Logos 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128331 def:appeal to logic
ex:A politician argues for a new domestic spending program by stating facts and figures about the current level of spending, the current economy, and how this program is projected to improve the economy.
Explanation: By stating facts you are giving real information to them provoking them to truly listen to what your saying
]]> 2016-12-16 19:32:21 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128331 Hasty generalization 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128398 Def: Having a conclusion on a topic based on a small piece of information rather than looking at a bunch of evidence. Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size, rather than looking at statistics that are much more in line with the typical or average situation.
Ex:Four out of five dentists recommend Happy Glossy Smiley toothpaste brand.  Therefore, it must be great.
Explanation: Only five dentists were asked and were they reliable or not. This could not even be a valid point.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:32:46 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128398 Post Hoc 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128476 Def: "B" follows "A," "A" must have caused "B."
Ex:I had been doing pretty poorly this season. Then my girlfriend gave me this neon laces for my spikes and I won my next three races. Those laces must be good luck...if I keep on wearing them I can't help but win!
Explanation: Just from having those laces most likely wasn’t the reason he won those 3 races in a row.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:33:12 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128476 Slippery Slope 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128532 Def: When one small conclusion leads to a much larger conclusion.
Ex:We cannot unlock our child from the closet because if we do, she will want to roam the house.  If we let her roam the house, she will want to roam the neighborhood.  If she roams the neighborhood, she will get picked up by a stranger in a van, who will sell her in a sex slavery ring in some other country.  Therefore, we should keep her locked up in the closet.
Explanation: They jumped from unlocking a closet to sex slavery rings with no proof in between.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:33:30 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128532 Bandwagon 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128672 Def:The argument that since something is popular or everybody is doing it, so should you. 
Ex:The "Rachel" haircut that was wildly popular in the late nineties is a great example.  Women who watched Friends all of sudden had to have the same exact haircut
Explanation: Everyone jumped on with popular trends because everyone else was.

]]> 2016-12-16 19:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128672 Ad Populm 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128780 Def:popular appeal or appeal to majority
Ex:"I read the other day that most people really like the new gun control laws. I was sort of suspicious of them, but I guess if most people like them, then they must be okay."
Explanation: Just because the majority of people like new gun control laws, doesn’t mean you should like them.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:34:38 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128780 Ad Hominem 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128898 Def: Someone suggesting an idea must be wrong because they have a particular stance on the issue.
Ex:Salesman: This car gets better than average gas mileage and is one of the most reliable cars according to Consumer Reports.
Will: I doubt it—you obviously just want to sell me that car.
Explanation:Just because the salesman is trying to sell hte car doesn;t mean he is lying.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:35:15 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128898 Appeal To Pity 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128957 Def:Distraction from the truth by the use of pity
Ex:I really deserve an “A” on this paper, professor.  Not only did I study during my grandmother’s funeral, I also passed up the heart transplant surgery, even though that was the first matching donor in 3 years.
Explanation: The fact that we should pity her has nothing to do with the quality of the paper written.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:35:34 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144128957 Straw Man 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129015 Def: Substituting a person’s opinion with a skewed view of that position. 
Ex:Zebedee: What is your view on the Christian God?
Mike: I don’t believe in any gods, including the Christian one.
Zebedee: So you think that we are here by accident, and all this design in nature is pure chance, and the universe just created itself?
Mike: You got all that from me stating that I just don’t believe in any gods?
Explanation: Mike made one claim but Zebedee changed his view into someone more intense and different.

]]> 2016-12-16 19:35:57 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129015 Red Herring 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129065 Def:Redirecting an argument so the person redirecting can better answer or respond.
Ex:Mike: It is morally wrong to cheat on your spouse, why on earth would you have done that?
Ken: But what is morality exactly?
Mike: It’s a code of conduct shared by cultures.
Ken: But who creates this code?...
Explanation:Ken has successfully diverted this conversation.
]]> 2016-12-16 19:36:16 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129065 Appeal To Authority 17hugher https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129123 2016-12-16 19:36:37 UTC https://padlet.com/17hugher/pjbw9p33s7rj/wish/144129123