https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv 1800-1900 en-us 2021-04-05 14:21:58 UTC 2026-01-04 00:42:49 UTC hello@padlet.com yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383316032 Year: 1800
Location: University of Bristol, England ¹.

The artifact listed below is an excerpt from Humphrey Davy's "Researches, Chemical, and Philosophical (1800)"
This document details over eighty pages of individuals experiences utilizing laughing gas.

Humphrey Davy discovered laughing gas during his time as an apprenticed surgeon at Briston University. He personally conducted experiments on himself and colleagues inhaling this laughing gas².

This artifact is important because Davy recommended that the gas be used as an anesthetic for surgery. This recommendation was ignored by the wider scientific community³. However, it proved to be useful in the future for procedures and the detailed observations listed in the book lay the foundation for human use. ]]> 2021-04-05 14:33:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383316032 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383345357 2021-04-05 14:41:02 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383345357 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383355058 (1) http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/davy_humphrey.shtml
(2) https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-nitrous-oxide-experiments-of-humphry-davy
(3)
https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/humphry-davy

]]> 2021-04-05 14:43:17 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383355058 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383396854 Year: 1842
Location: Jefferson Georgia

The artifact is a depiction of Dr. Crawford W.  Long utilizing ether for the first time on James Venable's cyst. This artifact is currently hanging in the Crawford W. Long museum in Jefferson.
Dr. Long decided to use ether on this patient because he noticed that when people used ether, they would attain injuries without feeling pain¹

This artifact is significant in the field of neuroscience because it lead to the Neuropharmaceutical field's understanding that ethers can be used for pain killers, as they are able to cross the blood brain barrier and can be used in surgical applications²]]> 2021-04-05 14:53:47 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383396854 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383411548 2021-04-05 14:57:30 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383411548 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383443002 (1) https://crawfordlong.org
(2)
https://www.britannica.com/science/ether-chemical-compound/Synthesis-of-ethers]]> 2021-04-05 15:05:03 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383443002 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383473155 Year: 1846
Location: Massachusetts General Hospital

This artifact is a commissioned piece by Mass General of the Ether Dome. It was created by Warren and Lucia Prosperi. The scene depicted is William Morton administering ether anesthetic to a patient who had a tumor of the jaw at the Ether Dome.¹

This artifact is significant because after the procedure took place, more than 8,000 ether procedures took place at the Ether Dome.¹ Additionally, people were so awestruck that ether became popularized as an anesthetic world wide. In neuroscience, the popularization of neuroscience is significant because research on its effects on the brain have modulated how we understand the brain's pain circuitry. 


]]> 2021-04-05 15:12:24 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383473155 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383482618 2021-04-05 15:14:42 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383482618 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383484151 (1)
https://www.massgeneral.org/museum/exhibits/ether-dome/creating-the-ether-dome-painting

]]> 2021-04-05 15:15:05 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383484151 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383524611 Year: 1844
Location: Hartford, Connecticut

This artifact is the journal of Horace Wells, a dentist who discovered the application of laughing gas on the field of dentistry. Wells attended a demonstration where nitrous oxide was administered to volunteers. Wells observed that a volunteer had become injured during the demonstration, yet felt no pain. He then approached the organizer of the conference and recruited him to administer nitrous oxide to patients at his practice. The journal talks about the effects of nitrous oxide on the pain levels of patients¹

This artifact holds importance in neuroscience because Horace Well's findings popularized Nitrous Oxide as a dental/medical anesthetic. Nitrous oxide regulates ligand-gated ion channels , it blocks GABA receptors, and induces norepinephrine    as well as a euphoric effect.²  These effects were later studied for their psychiatric effects. ]]> 2021-04-05 15:24:54 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383524611 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383539895 Year: 1884
Location: Vienna General Hospital

The artifact is bottle of cocaine, menthol and cocaine lozenges. Additionally powdered, and fluid cocaine.¹ These were manufactured by Eli Lilly and Co, one of the oldest pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Carl Koller who studied with Sigmund Freud, experimented with cocaine as a local anesthetic. Ether Anesthesia was not useful for procedures of the eye due to it causing increased intraocular pressure². Koller experimented on using cocaine on both dog eyes, and his own eyes as an anesthetic. He published his findings in 1884 and it became used all across the medical world².

This artifact's implications are highly known within the field of neuroscience. The use of cocaine revolutionized anesthetics because people were afraid of using older techniques like chloroform and ether due to the potential for "eternal sleep" ³.  The popularization of cocaine for medical and recreational use in the 19th century, largely due to Koller, did not have regard for cocaine's addictive properties as a neurological stimulant on the dopamine recycling circuits.]]> 2021-04-05 15:28:39 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383539895 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383554144 2021-04-05 15:31:52 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383554144 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383554713 (1)
https://connecticuthistory.org/horace-wells-discovers-pain-free-dentistry/
(2)
https://bethesdafamilydentistry.com/how-does-nitrous-oxide-work/


]]> 2021-04-05 15:31:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383554713 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383751828 2021-04-05 16:17:48 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383751828 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383752193 (1) https://www.woodlibrarymuseum.org/museum/cocaine/

(2)
https://www.michiganradio.org/post/remembering-forgotten-ophthalmologist-who-discovered-local-anesthesia

(3)
https://wellcomecollection.org/articles/XN6XsxAAAFk1pmQ7

]]> 2021-04-05 16:17:53 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383752193 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383890561 Year: 2019
Location: Harvard University

Dr. Emory Brown has been conducting research using EEG technology on patients under general anesthesia. While older techniques of anesthesia effectively create a state of false coma in a patient, and eradicate the feeling of pain, studies on how the drugs effect brain activity have been minimal¹. 

Dr. Brown is investigating how the oscillation patterns under anesthesia differ from sleep, and is developing targeted dosing strategies for patients based on age, gender, and other factors. This is significant because he is hoping to help combat the mental side effects from current anesthesia. It is fascinating that anesthetic techniques have transformed over the past two hundred years. Drugs like Ether, Nitrous Oxide, and Cocaine were all used for the same purpose and yet their dangerous side effects on the brain were later discovered. The work of Dr. Brown will help surface the dangerous side effects of modern anesthetic techniques on the brain and perhaps lead to a new drug or way to view the field. 

]]> 2021-04-05 16:50:14 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383890561 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383893940 2021-04-05 16:50:58 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383893940 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383930194 (1) https://neuro.hms.harvard.edu/centers-and-initiatives/harvard-mahoney-neuroscience-institute/about-hmni/archive-brain-newsletter
(2)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGsmQBNmQrM

]]> 2021-04-05 16:59:23 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383930194 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383948696 The person best equipped to lead people through this exhibit would be Dr. Rovenstine. 
In the artifact, Dr. Rovenstine was considered to be extremely knowledgeable about anesthetic drugs and techniques by a plethora of surgeons and physicians, stated as "one of the world's foremost anesthesiologists"¹.

The artifact is a profile done of the doctor on October 25, 1947 in the New York Times. He was appointed the leader of the American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) in 1935. He was a teacher of the history of analgesic drugs at N.Y.U. and as such, would know of the different entries in this museum and their influence on anesthesiology. Additionally, Dr. Rovenstine developed his own drugs like nerve blockers and the anesthetic cyclopropane. He worked to popularize regional anesthesia through political advocacy, his teaching, and his work as a doctor². ]]> 2021-04-05 17:03:48 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383948696 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383979372 (1) https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1947/10/25/anesthesiologist

(2)
https://rapm.bmj.com/content/22/3/273]]> 2021-04-05 17:10:51 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383979372 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383984833 2021-04-05 17:12:09 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383984833 yasmeenq02 https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383986312 2021-04-05 17:12:29 UTC https://padlet.com/yasmeenq02/ph2bp6nnwfyg89wv/wish/1383986312