Nickname : Farha

Matric Number : 241670

Course : FCS (Foundation in Computer Science)

Usrah Group : 36

Date of Birth : 20 May 2006

Previous School : Maahad Tahfiz Negeri Pahang

Hometown : Kuantan, Pahang

Contact :

Instagram : bit.ly/farha_86

Email : farhafatthul@gmail.com

Hobby : Watching series

Adab in learning means respecting our teachers by focus in class, not interrupting, and being grateful. We should seek knowledge with the right intention, which is to seek pleasure from Allah SWT.

When seeking knowledge, it's important to apply tabayyun concept to avoid misunderstandings. Don't afraid to ask questions when you don't understand, as asking helps deepen your knowledge.

Stay humble, and always seek guidance from those who are experts in the field. This approach ensures that the knowledge you gain is true and beneficial.

2) Al-Quran as The Book of Guidance

Al-Quran is considered the ultimate source of guidance for humanity in Islam. It serves as a divine manual for all aspects of life, including faith, morality, social justice, and even environmental stewardship.

1. Guidance for All Aspects of Life

The Quran provides instructions on:

• Faith and Worship – Teaching about the oneness of Allah (Tawhid), prayer (Salah), fasting (Sawm), charity (Zakat), and pilgrimage (Hajj).

• Morality and Ethics – Encouraging honesty, kindness, patience, and justice while forbidding lying, cheating, and oppression.

• Social and Economic Systems – Promoting fairness, responsible wealth management, and caring for the needy.

• Environmental Responsibility – Teaching that humans are khalifah (stewards) on Earth, responsible for its care.

  
  

2. Quran as a Light and Healing

The Quran is often described as a light (nur) and a healing (shifa) for the hearts. It provides comfort, wisdom, and solutions to human struggles.

Surah Al-Isra 17:9:

"Indeed, this Quran guides to that which is most upright and gives good news to the believers who do righteous deeds."

3. Timeless and Universal Message

Unlike other books, the Quran’s teachings remain relevant regardless of time or place. It is not limited to a specific era or group but is meant for all of humanity. Surah Al-Baqarah 2:2:

"This is the Book about which there is no doubt, a guidance for those conscious of Allah."

Conclusion

Al-Quran is the ultimate guidance for a meaningful and righteous life. It instructs believers on faith, personal conduct, social justice, and environmental care, ensuring that they fulfill their role as responsible individuals in this world while preparing for the hereafter.

1. Islam (Submission)

Jibril asked about Islam, and the Prophet replied with the five pillars:

i. Testimony of faith (Shahadah)

ii. Prayer (Salah)

iii. Fasting during Ramadan (Sawm)

iv. Giving alms (Zakat)

v. Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)

2. Iman (Faith)

Jibril then asked about Iman, and the Prophet explained its six articles:

i. Belief in Allah

ii. Belief in His angels

iii. Belief in His books

iv. Belief in His messengers

v. Belief in the Day of Judgment

vi. Belief in divine decree (Qada' & Qadr), both good and bad.

3. Ihsan (Excellence)

Jibril asked about Ihsan, and the Prophet replied:

"To worship Allah as if you see Him; and if you do not see Him, know that He sees you."

4. The Hour (Day of Judgment)

Jibril asked about the timing of the Hour, and the Prophet responded that neither he nor Jibril knew. However, he mentioned signs of its approach, such as:

i. Slaves giving birth to their masters.

ii. The rise of barefoot shepherds competing in the construction of tall buildings.

After Jibril departed, Prophet SAW explained to his companions that the visitor was Jibril, who had come to teach them about Islam.

1. Islam (Submission): The five pillars—Shahadah, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.

2. Iman (Faith): The six articles—belief in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and Qada' & Qadr.

3. Ihsan (Excellence): Worship Allah as though you see Him; if not, know He sees you.

4. The Hour (Day of Judgment): Its timing is unknown, but signs include slaves giving birth to their masters and barefoot shepherds building tall structures.

The Prophet later explained that Jibril came to teach the religion.

Belief in Allah

• Foundation of Faith: Belief in Allah is essential for a Muslim's faith.

• Evidence of a Creator:

  • Human intellect recognizes that creation cannot exist by itself or by chance.

  • Observation of nature, like day and night, demonstrates Allah’s presence and control.

Quranic Reference: Surah Al-Hashr (59:18–24)

Emphasizes the greatness, knowledge, and mercy of Allah, urging believers to be mindful of their deeds and maintain taqwa (consciousness of Allah).

Belief in Angels

• Nature of Angels:

  • They are unseen beings created to obey Allah without deviation.

  • Angels glorify and worship Allah, fulfilling His commands.

• Specific Roles:

  • Jibril: Delivering revelations.

  • Malik: Guardian of Hell.

  • Ridwan: Keeper of Paradise.

  • Israfil: Blower of the Trumpet signaling Judgment Day.

Quranic Reference: Surah Al-Infitar (82:10–12)

Describes angels as noble recorders who document human deeds.

Belief in the Books

• Revealed Scriptures: Belief in all divine books is mandatory. They provide guidance and law.

• Notable Books:

  • Zabur (Psalms) to Prophet Daud (David).

  • Taurat (Torah) to Prophet Musa (Moses).

  • Injil (Gospel) to Prophet Isa (Jesus).

  • Al-Qur'an to Prophet Muhammad (SAW).

Quranic Reference: Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:48)

Explains the Qur'an's role in confirming and safeguarding previous scriptures.

• Definition: Believing that Allah sent messengers to every nation to guide them to worship Him alone.

• Role of Prophets:

  • They serve as intermediaries between Allah and humans.

  • They convey divine revelations and guide humanity toward Allah.

• Key Teachings:

• Denial of even one prophet equates to disbelief in all prophets and the religion as a whole.

  
  

Quranic Reference: Surah An-Nisa’ (4:69)

highlights the status of those who obey Allah and His messengers, placing them alongside prophets, the truthful, martyrs, and the righteous in Paradise.

Belief in Qiyamah (The Last Day)

• Definition: The Day of Judgment, where all of creation will be resurrected, held accountable, and recompensed.

• Stages:

  1. End of the world (Yaumul Akhir).

  2. Judgment Day (Yaumul Qiyamah).

  3. Resurrection (Yaumul Ba’st).

  4. Reckoning (Yaumul Hisab).

  5. Final reward or punishment (Paradise or Hell).

• Key Concept: Paradise is eternal for the righteous, while Hell is eternal for disbelievers.

Belief in Qada’ and Qadr (Divine Decree and Predestination)

• Concept:

  • Major events, like birth, death, and fate, are predetermined by Allah.

  • Humans have free will in actions within Allah's divine plan.

• Dual Nature:

  • Destiny (Qadr): Inevitable events are preordained by Allah.

  • Choice: Humans can make personal decisions within the framework of Allah’s decree.

• Key Teaching: Trust in Allah’s plan brings peace and acceptance, knowing He is in control of all matters.

The Concept of Ihsan

• Ihsan is described in the Hadith of Jibril, where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) explained it as:

  "To worship Allah as if you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, know that He sees you."

• This means that a person practicing Ihsan constantly maintains an awareness of Allah's presence, leading to sincere and dedicated actions.

Key Aspects of Ihsan:

1. Sincerity (Ikhlas): Performing acts purely for Allah’s sake, free from hypocrisy or showing off.

2. Excellence in Worship: Striving to perform prayers, fasting, charity, and other acts of worship with devotion and care.

3. Moral Excellence: Treating others with kindness, fairness, and compassion.

4. Mindfulness: Being conscious of Allah in every action and thought.

Importance of Ihsan

• Enhances Faith: It deepens one’s connection with Allah, making worship meaningful.

• Promotes Ethics: Encourages people to act with integrity and kindness in all aspects of life.

• Spiritual Growth: Helps in purifying the soul and fostering inner peace.

Key Elements of Islamic Eschatology

1. Signs of the End Times (Ashraat al-Saa’ah):

Divided into minor signs (already occurring or will precede the end times) and major signs (immediate precursors to the Day of Judgment).

2. The Day of Judgment (Yawm al-Qiyamah):

• A day when all beings will be resurrected for divine judgment.

• People’s deeds are weighed on the Mizan (Scale).

• Those who are righteous will be rewarded, and sinners will face consequences.

3. Resurrection (Al-Ba'ath):

• All humans will be resurrected from their graves.

• The Qur'an emphasizes this event as proof of Allah’s power over life and death.

4. The Bridge of Sirat:

• A narrow bridge over Hell (Jahannam) that everyone must cross.

• Only the righteous will pass safely, while the wicked will fall into the fire.

5. Paradise (Jannah) and Hell (Jahannam):

• Jannah: The eternal abode of peace and reward for the righteous, filled with unimaginable pleasures.

• Jahannam: A place of punishment for the wicked and disobedient.

6. Accountability (Hisab):

• Everyone will be questioned about their deeds, intentions, and faith.

• Record books of deeds will be handed out.

Importance of Eschatology in Islam

• Moral Responsibility: Encourages Muslims to live righteously, knowing their actions will be judged

• Faith and Hope: Provides hope for justice and the eternal mercy of Allah.

• Spiritual Preparation: Inspires constant self-reflection and striving for good deeds.

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1. Moral and Social Decay:

• Increase in dishonesty and betrayal.

• Prevalence of immorality and shamelessness.

• Disrespect towards parents and elders.

• Spread of usury and bribery.

2. Religious Decline:

• Ignorance of religion becoming widespread.

• Mosques being built for show rather than worship.

• The Qur'an being read but not followed.

3. Materialism and Greed:

• People competing in constructing tall buildings.

• Wealth becoming abundant but not blessed.

4. Disruption of Natural Order:

• Increased natural disasters (earthquakes, floods).

• Animals and inanimate objects communicating with humans.

5. Political and Social Changes:

• Leadership entrusted to unworthy individuals.

• Widespread injustice and oppression.

• Bloodshed and killing becoming common.

  
  

6. Strange Events:

• Time passing quickly.

• People seeking knowledge from ignorant leaders.

• Increase in the number of false prophets.

Major Signs of Qiyamah

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1. The Appearance of the Dajjal (Antichrist):

• A deceiver who will claim divinity and lead people astray.

• He will perform miracles and spread corruption.

  
  

2. The Descent of Prophet Isa AS:

• He will return to defeat the Dajjal.

• He will establish justice and rule according to Islamic law.

3. Emergence of Ya’juj and Ma’juj:

• Barbaric tribes that will cause destruction on Earth.

• They will be divinely destroyed after wreaking havoc.

4. The Beast of the Earth (Dabbat al-Ard):

• A creature that will appear to distinguish between believers and disbelievers.

  
  

5. The Rising of the Sun from the West:

• A unique phenomenon symbolizing the closing of the door of repentance.

  
  

6. Three Major Landslides:

• One in the East, one in the West, and one in the Arabian Peninsula.

7. The Smoke (Dukhan):

• A massive smoke that will envelop the Earth, causing suffering.

8. The Fire:

• A fire that will drive people to their place of gathering for judgment.

Significance of the Signs

The signs serve as reminders of the transient nature of life and the importance of preparing for the afterlife. They emphasize faith, repentance, and adherence to righteousness.

Adab: A collection of good behaviors, noble characteristics, habits, and traits. It represents manners and ethics in daily life.

Key Aspects of Adab:

• Manners & Ethics: Politeness, respect, and kindness in speech and behavior.

• Can Be Learned: Not just inherited from upbringing but developed through knowledge and practice.

• A Continuous Process: It is not just a trait but a lifelong journey of self-improvement.

• Reflection of One’s Self: The way a person behaves with others, especially parents and society, defines their character.

• Highly Valued in Islam: Adab is an essential part of achieving Taqwa (God-consciousness) and Akhlaq (morality).

Ahkam: Islamic laws, rulings, and ordinances (Shariah) that guide Muslims on what is obligatory, permissible, or prohibited.

Categories of Ahkam (Islamic Rulings):

Ahkam is divided into five main categories:

• Wajib (Obligatory) – Must be done

  Actions that are compulsory and bring rewards when performed but result in sin if neglected.

• Mustahabb (Recommended) – Encouraged but not required

  Actions that bring rewards but are not sinful if skipped.

• Mubah (Permissible) – Neutral actions

  Actions that are neither rewarded nor sinful, unless accompanied by good or bad intentions.

• Makruh (Disliked) – Discouraged but not sinful

  Actions that are not sinful but are better to avoid.

• Haram (Prohibited) – Forbidden in Islam

  Actions that bring sin and punishment if committed.

2. Importance of Adab

• Beloved by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW): Good manners were highly valued by the Prophet.

• Brings Allah’s Forgiveness & Love: Having Adab leads to Allah’s mercy.

• Maintains Good Relationships: Proper manners ensure harmony with family, society, and others.

• Success in This Life & the Hereafter: Practicing Adab helps achieve prosperity in both worlds.

The Prophet (SAW) said,

“Nothing is weightier on the Scale of Deeds than one’s good manners.”

(Al-Bukhari)

3. Importance of Ahkam

• Defines Halal & Haram: Ahkam clarifies what is religiously permissible or forbidden.

• Guides Worship & Daily Life: Islamic rulings help Muslims fulfill religious duties correctly.

• Strengthens Faith (Iman): Following Ahkam ensures that one’s faith and religious practices are in line with Islam.

  
  

4. Similarities & Differences Between Adab & Ahkam

1. Similarities

• Essential in Islam – Adab (manners) and Ahkam (laws) guide a Muslim’s actions.

• Leads to Allah’s pleasure – Practicing Adab and following Ahkam help earn rewards and avoid sins.

• Shapes character – Adab builds good personal ethics, while Ahkam ensures religious discipline.

• Promotes a just society – Adab encourages kindness, while Ahkam ensures order and justice

2. Differences

• Adab focuses on manners, while Ahkam deals with laws

  Adab covers personal behavior and social etiquette, while Ahkam determines what is obligatory, recommended, permissible, disliked, or prohibited.

• Adab is flexible, Ahkam is fixed

  Adab may vary based on culture and situations, but Ahkam is based on Quran and Hadith and must be followed.

• Adab is encouraged but not enforced, Ahkam is obligatory

  Adab is about moral excellence, while Ahkam includes religious obligations that must be obeyed.

• Adab enhances spirituality, Ahkam ensures proper worship

  Adab strengthens Taqwa (God-consciousness) and good character, while Ahkam ensures faith (Iman) is practiced correctly.

5. Which is More Important: Adab or Ahkam?

• Both are essential in shaping a Muslim’s life.

• Adab enhances Taqwa & character, making a person more mindful of their actions.

• Ahkam strengthens Iman, ensuring worship and daily life align with Islamic teachings.

  
  

Conclusion

A balance of Adab and Ahkam is needed for a complete and righteous life.

• Respect & Obedience: Obey, respect, and honor parents, including lowering one's voice, smiling, and serving them.

• Quranic & Hadith References: Al-Isra’ 17:23 commands respect; Hadith emphasizes prioritizing the mother.

• Service to Parents: Serving them leads to Allah’s pleasure and paradise.

• Patience & Tolerance: Even if parents act unfairly, children must be patient and avoid disobedience.

• Full Devotion: Obey parents willingly, even if their requests are personally inconvenient, unless they contradict religious teachings.

Story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) – Surah Maryam (Verses 41-50)

• The Companions of the Prophet (SAW) saw him in deep sorrow, and in response, Allah revealed these verses.

• The story highlights the importance of respect for parents, even in difficult situations.

• Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) father was an idol-maker, yet he still treated him with honor.

• He addressed his father with “Ya Abati” (O my dear father), showing deep respect.

• Even though his father worshipped idols, Prophet Ibrahim (AS) remained respectful while guiding him towards the truth.

• His father responded harshly, yet Prophet Ibrahim (AS) remained patient and prayed for him.

• After being expelled from his home, he trusted Allah, knowing that every hardship comes with wisdom.

• Eventually, Allah blessed him with a better family, as he married Siti Sarah and Siti Hajar.

• His sons were Prophet Ishaq (AS) and Prophet Ismail (AS), and most prophets descended from his lineage.

• Despite everything, Prophet Ibrahim (AS) never insulted his father.

Lessons from the Story

• Obedience to Parents – We should follow our parents' guidance, even if we don’t see immediate benefit, as long as it does not go against religious principles.

• Patience in Trials – Every test from Allah comes with a greater reward. If we endure hardship with faith, Allah will replace it with something better.

This story teaches us that true respect for parents goes beyond agreement—it is about maintaining kindness, patience, and trust in Allah’s plan.

Adab with Neighbors & Society

• Islamic Morals: Islam highly values good neighborly relations and social unity.

• Hadith & Quranic Guidance: Being kind leads to Paradise; An-Nisa’ 4:36 highlights good conduct towards parents, neighbors, and society.

• Community Bonding: Acts of kindness strengthen unity and enhance relationships.

• Setting an Example: Practicing good manners inspires others and fosters societal harmony.

Adab as a Student

• Respect for Teachers: Listen attentively, follow instructions, and value their guidance.

• Punctuality: Being on time shows responsibility and respect for others’ time.

• Humility in Learning: Acknowledge that knowledge is limitless and remain open to learning.

• The Quran encourages reflection on nature as a demonstration of Allah’s greatness.

• A specific verse (Quran 21:30) is cited: “And We have made from water every living thing.”

• This highlights the importance of water and nature as essential elements of life.

2. Concept of Trusteeship

• In Islam, humans are seen as khalifas (stewards) of the Earth.

• They have a duty to protect and maintain the environment.

• The entrusted natural resources should be passed on to future generations in their purest form.

• This concept aligns with the idea of sustainability and responsible resource management.

3. Avoiding Corruptions

• Corruption includes industrial pollution, environmental damage, reckless exploitation, and mismanagement of natural resources.

• Such actions are disliked by Allah SWT.

• The message is that exploiting nature irresponsibly goes against Islamic teachings.

Conclusion

Islam promotes sustainability by recognizing nature as a divine sign, emphasizing human responsibility as stewards of the Earth, and discouraging harmful practices that degrade the environment.

• Instills Awareness of Allah: Regular prayer reminds a believer that Allah is always watching, which helps develop mindfulness and accountability.

• Restrains Immoral Behavior: When done sincerely, prayer discourages sins and bad habits, guiding the person toward good conduct.

• Encourages Obedience: It nurtures discipline and reminds Muslims of their duty to submit to Allah’s will.

Key Attributes of Ṣalāh:

1. Ikhlas (Sincerity for Allah)

   Prayer must be done solely to seek Allah’s pleasure, not for praise or habit.

2. Fear of Allah

   A humble awareness of Allah’s greatness and justice helps keep the heart focused during prayer.

3. Remembrance of Allah

   Ṣalāh serves as a daily reminder of Allah’s presence and mercy, helping maintain a strong spiritual connection.

In summary, Ṣalāh is a powerful act that transforms a person internally—spiritually and morally—when performed with sincerity and awareness.

Key Points:

• Source of Ḥikmah:

  It is a positive value that can be gained through ‘ibādah (worship), such as prayer, reflection, and obedience to Allah.

• Definition (Eliza Tasbihi, 2014):

  Ḥikmah is “the ability to discern the true nature of things and to act accordingly.”

  This means having insight into what is right and wrong, understanding the deeper truth of matters, and making correct decisions in life.

Why Ḥikmah Matters:

1. It helps a person act justly, with balance and understanding.

2. It improves character and judgment.

3. It leads to a life aligned with Islamic values, purpose, and wisdom.

   
   

In short, ḥikmah is not just knowledge—it is the right application of knowledge with awareness of Allah and clarity of truth.

In a narration, Iblis once appeared to Prophet Musa (AS) and offered sincere warnings, not out of goodwill—but to show how he deceives humans. He revealed his top 3 strategies to lead people astray:

1. Arrogance (Takabbur)

Iblis said:

“Do not be arrogant, because I was destroyed because of it.”

🔹 Arrogance was the very reason Iblis was expelled from Heaven—he refused to bow to Adam (AS), claiming superiority.

🔹 Arrogance blinds a person from truth, humility, and obedience to Allah.

🔹 Even acts of worship can be corrupted if done with pride.

2. Greed (Tama‘)

Iblis warned:

“Do not be greedy, for I control people through their greed.”

🔹 Greed causes people to chase the dunya excessively, neglecting their akhirah.

🔹 It leads to envy, dishonesty, and breaking moral boundaries for gain.

🔹 A content heart is harder for Iblis to influence.

3. Khalwah (Seclusion with Non-Mahram)

Iblis said:

“Do not sit with a non-mahram alone, for I am the third one present.”

🔹 This is a direct warning about khalwah—being alone with someone of the opposite gender who is not lawful to you.

🔹 Even good intentions can turn into temptation.

🔹 Iblis exploits these private moments to spark inappropriate desires and actions.

These three traits—arrogance, greed, and private seclusion with non-mahrams—are doorways Iblis uses to influence the heart and lead it away from Allah.

Guarding against them is a way to protect one’s iman (faith) and stay on the straight path.