NOTES: ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGY by SITI NUR ZAHIRAH MOHD ALI https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs Welcome to our wall. Let's study about Analytic Epidemiology before having fun with our Games! en-us 2023-01-15 15:07:29 UTC 2025-10-07 01:44:17 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f4da.png Types of study https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444782092 2023-01-15 15:18:40 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444782092 Descriptive vs Analytic Epidemiology https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444784080 2023-01-15 15:22:41 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444784080 Analytic Epidemiology https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444784760 2023-01-15 15:24:11 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444784760 Cross-sectional Studies https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444785806  • Exposure and outcome status are determined
at the same time
• “Snapshot” of population being studied
• Also includes most opinion and political polls
• Can be descriptive and analytical design
• Investigate the association between a putative risk factor     and a health outcome
• Risk factors and outcome are measured simultaneously 
• Difficult to determine whether the exposure proceeded or followed the disease
• Limited ability to draw conclusions about association between a risk factor and health outcome

]]> 2023-01-15 15:26:30 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444785806 Exposure & Outcome https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444788275 Exposure:
Any factor that might influence the risk of disease

Outcome:
Disease or condition, standardised using case definition

]]> 2023-01-15 15:32:02 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444788275 Case definition https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444789816 Standard diagnostic criteria that must be fulfilled
 to identify an individual as a case of a particular
disease
  •  Clinical (laboratory results, symptoms, signs)
  •  Restrictions on individual, place, and time
 Ensures that all individuals who are counted as
 cases actually (likely) have the same disease
]]> 2023-01-15 15:35:19 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444789816 Cohort Study Design https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444794194
  • Study population is grouped by exposure status
  •  Groups are then followed over time to determine if they  develop the outcome of interest
    • Prospective 
    • Exposure assessed at beginning of study
    • Followed into the future for outcome
     Retrospective
    • Exposure assessed at some  point in the past
    • Outcome has already







    ]]>     2023-01-15 15:42:33 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444794194     Developing Hypotheses https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444794426
  • An hypothesis is an educated guess about an
    •  association that is testable in a scientific
    investigation
    •  Descriptive data provide information to develop
     hypotheses about disease causation
    •  Hypotheses tend to be broad initially and are
     then refined as more data are gathered
    ]]>     2023-01-15 15:43:06 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444794426     Case- control Study Design https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444796821
  • Study population is grouped by outcome
  •  Cases are individuals who have the outcome of interest
  •  Controls are individuals who do not have the outcome of interest
  •  Past exposure status is then determined
    • ]]>     2023-01-15 15:47:22 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444796821     Cohort Study vs Case- control Study https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444798266 2023-01-15 15:50:07 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444798266 https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444804467 2023-01-15 16:01:48 UTC https://padlet.com/2021619344/pf7ayvnstfes4qgs/wish/2444804467