The Great War Final Exam by Camila Andrade

The Third Battle of Ypres

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:56:51 UTC

The Third Battle of Ypres which is also known as Passchendaele; began July 31st 1917. General Sir Douglas Haig had planned a major offensive to break out of the Ypres salient, but the Allies had occupied it since 1914. He was planning to get high ground around Ypres then move to the German occupied ports around the Belgian coast. However, the battle didn’t go as planned. The battle lasted over 100 days. During all that time, the Allies had 250,000 soldiers killed, badly wounded or nowhere to be found. British troops gained the victory of the Third Battle of Ypres.

The Battle of Gallipoli

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:57:42 UTC

The Battle of Gallipoli is recognized as one of the Allied Powers failed attempts to gain the upper hand in World War I. The battle lasted from February 1915 to January 1916. The battle began with the British and French because they started a naval attack on Turkey. Commanders were very unprepared and were unaware of Turkeys hilly lands. That had resulted in very hesitant and skeptical Allied troops.

Germany begins naval blockade of Great Britain

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:57:53 UTC

Britain's blockade across the North Sea cut most flow of war necessities, food, and fuel to Germany. Which Germany reacted back sending their submarines to tear down neutral ships that were providing and helping the Allies. However, Germany realized that the U.S might consider declaring war to Germany over their conflict, Germany quickly backed down.

Sinking of the RMS Lusitania

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:57:56 UTC

On May 1915, a German boat torpedoed and sank the British’s steamship which was called Lusitania. That killed 1,195 men, women, and children on board. About 128 of them were Americans. The sinking of Lusitania turned the public opinion against Germany and in favor to the United States. Lusitania sinking was one of the reasons why later on caused the United States to enter the war.

Ludendorff Offensive

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:57:58 UTC

The 1918 Spring Offensive started with Germans attacking along the Western Front with the intention of winning the war before United States troops can join the Allies. Despite making successful advances in four attacks; the territory they got and the newly control they have doesn’t lead to anything that benefits them in any way. With American forces arriving in July, the German soldiers are already exhausted. Even though they claimed victory, they were badly weakened.

The Battle of Somme

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:58:00 UTC

The Battle of the Somme was July 1st through November in 1916. It was an operation between the British & French forces, they intended to get a victory over the Germans on the Western Front. Allied commanders met to talk about strategies for the upcoming year and they agreed to launch an attack on the French and British in the region of the River Somme. German pressure on the French at Verdun made the attack on Somme very urgent. That first day of the Battle of the Somme was the worst day for the British military history with over 57,000 casualties.

Sources Cited

katielyz — 2024-05-30 17:58:03 UTC

https://online.norwich.edu/online/about/resource-library/6-important-battles-world-war-i

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-third-battle-of-ypres-passchendaele

https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/british-victory-at-passchendaele#:~:text=After%20more%20than%20three%20months,the%20Belgian%20village%20of%20Passchendaele.

https://www.theworldwar.org/learn/about-wwi/unrestricted-u-boat-warfare#:~:text=Britain's%20blockade%20across%20the%20North,that%20were%20supplying%20the%20Allies.

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-british-naval-blockade-of-the-first-world-war

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/18-minutes-that-shocked-the-world#:~:text=The%20sinking%20of%20RMS%20Lusitania,United%20States%20into%20the%20war.

https://www.historyhit.com/key-dates-in-world-war-one/

https://www.loc.gov/collections/world-war-i-rotogravures/articles-and-essays/the-lusitania-disaster/

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/voices-of-the-first-world-war-the-german-spring-offensive

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-battle-of-the-somme

The Cause of WW1

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:21 UTC

On July 28, 1914, there's an event taking place in the capital of Bosnia. During it, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist. This incident is likely involved relating to politics. A secret revolutionary society, the Young Bosnians, were aware that Ferdinand is making a visit to Bosnia. They're planning to assassinate him when he’s there. With Black Hand’s assistance, they were able to gather weapons and smuggle them into the country.

President Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:23 UTC

The US started supplying the Allies with goods and weaponry. Wilson said that it will adhere to the neutrality policy. After winning office, he intended to focus on implementing domestic economic change. He was also a proponent of moral diplomacy. He attempted to reduce US participation in the Philippines and Latin America in an effort to uphold the concept.

Wartime Economy

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:24 UTC

The economy of the United States saw a swift shift. The government raised industrial production and labor force participation among other steps to mobilize resources for the war effort. The Food Administration oversaw food delivery, while the War Industries Board consolidated production. The U.S. was positioned as a major global economic power as a result of these efforts, which resulted in tremendous economic expansion characterized by increasing employment and industrial output.

Women’s Right to Vote

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:26 UTC

Since the 1840s, women have fought for the right to vote, thanks in large part to President Wilson's fervent support for a suffrage constitutional amendment following his reelection. Women's suffrage, according to Carrie Chapman Catt, would increase patriotic voting and quell dissension at the polls. These strategies worked together to force the House of Representatives to approve the 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote in January 1918. The amendment was approved by the Senate after an additional year, and most states ratified it in August 1920.

Pressures of America during WW1

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:27 UTC

Ever since World War One began, there has been tremendous pressure from Europe. On May 7, 1915, a German submarine came into the Irish Sea and used a torpedo to sink the Lusitania. Wilson declined to enlist in the military in spite of the assaults and casualties. Three American ships were sunk by the Germans on March 8, two years later. Wilson requested a declaration of war against Germany and convened a special session of Congress in response to the occurrence. "The ultimate peace of the world and for the liberation of its peoples, the German peoples included," he vowed to strive for.

America's Entry

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:28 UTC

On April 6, 1917, Congress declared war on Germany. But the US was not in a good position to provide the Allies with the men they sorely needed. The Selective Service Act, passed by Congress in May 1917, mandated that all men between the ages of 21 and 30 register for the draft. 3.7 million American men would fight as soldiers or sailors by the end of World War I.

Cited Sources

huangryan0718_ — 2024-05-30 17:58:30 UTC

https://www.facinghistory.org/resource-library/beginning-world-war-i

https://www.history.com/news/the-assassination-of-archduke-franz-ferdinand

https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/woodrow-wilsons-diplomacy

https://www.britannica.com/event/World-War-I/The-U-S-entry-into-the-war

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi#:~:text=The%20United%20States%20later%20declared,Hungary%20on%20December%207%2C%201917.&text=Germany's%20resumption%20of%20submarine%20attacks,States%20into%20World%20War%20I.

https://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/second-world-war-economy-mark-wilson-destructive-creation-review/

https://www.thecollector.com/economic-debt-inflation-world-war-1/

https://millercenter.org/president/wilson/foreign-affairs

https://www.history.com/news/how-the-sinking-of-lusitania-changed-wwi

https://www.annefrank.org/en/timeline/1/murder-of-the-austrian-archduke-start-of-the-first-world-war/

Overlook

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 17:59:35 UTC

Even though The Great War had many positive outcomes, the side effects take a big part on shaping the image we have once it comes to the topic of The Great War. The side effects of The Great War didn’t only effect the US but also everyone around the world. Some examples of the side effects that took the world by storm are the impact in politics, economics, social cultural ect.

Economics

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 17:59:38 UTC

One of the branches that was affected by thee side effects of The Great War is the economic branch of not only the US but the whole world during this time period. Since the war cause so much destruction of industrial, agricultural fields etc. it made many countries into debt. By this debt, many countries were looking for ways to go back to normal and raise funds. For example, the US had The Revenue Act of 1917. This act taxed excessive profits to US citizens this increased amount of money varied from 20 to 60 percent. This originally was at 1.5 percent in 1913-15 but increased to 18 percent in 1918. Even though it did raise money for the army and repair some of the damage, the citizens had to work even harder to survive their day to day lifestyles.

Humanitarian

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 17:59:57 UTC

The side effects also affected the citizens of many countries across the world. This left many citizens homeless and having to rely on refugees. Not only this, but the war sprea diseases around and cause the death of many innocent lives. The loud noises and dangerous situations survivors had to go through made them have PTSD. This caused many victims to be treated for the rest of their life’s or even leading them to their deaths.

Environmental

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 18:00:01 UTC

The environmental branch of the countries also got affected by the wars side effects. Since there was so much bombing all around the countries, it ended up destroyed, most ecosystems and habitats. The quemical that was released throughout the whole war has made permanent consequences in our environment that we still see today. This is one of the reasons on why global warming is a very serious topic and how we need to spread awareness on the damage this war has done to all of us around the world both humans and animals.

Cultural

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 18:00:04 UTC

One of the most important and most affected branches was the cultural sides of the countries. The Great War inspired many artists got inspired by the events of this war. For example, the painting "Apokalyptische Landshaft" by Ludwig Meidner is a painting that showcases the powerful aspects of the war. This painting includes a dreamlike landscape that makes the audience feel a turbulent feeling. This is illustrated like a nightmare since the war caused so much chaos around the world. The fire illustrated in this painting images the sense of destruction cause by all the chaos and bombs dropped throughout the war.

Social

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 18:00:07 UTC

The branch that had the MOST positive side effects from The Great War was the social branch of the countries especially the US. This side effect started by so many young men dying so young women had to step in and create a change in the world. These changes included movements inside of the categories of socialism, communism, and feminism. A great example of a woman that made a huge impact during The Great War was Clara Barton. Clara Barton made one of the biggest helping foundations till this day which is the Red Cross. While the war was happening, The Red Cross provided aid and relief to those in need.

Clara wasn't the only woman that helped, thousands more made a huge change in the industry. They also fought for their rights to get the peace and freedom we have as women today. And to conclude they made their voices heard by letting the public know of how harsh they were being trested.

Sources

lia_rivera — 2024-05-30 18:00:10 UTC

https://www.kumc.edu/school-of-medicine/academics/departments/history-and-philosophy-of-medicine/archives/wwi/essays/medicine/gas-in-the-great-war.html

https://www.thecollector.com/economic-debt-inflation-world-war-1/

https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/11/world-war-one-humanitarian-aid-herbert-hoover/

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/american-artists-view-the-great-war/online-exhibition.html

https://www.britannica.com/summary/Causes-and-Effects-of-World-War-I

https://news.syr.edu/blog/2014/07/28/100-years-after-wwi-the-lasting-impacts-of-the-great-war-78831/

https://www.westernfrontassociation.com/world-war-i-articles/discuss-the-psychological-effects-of-the-great-war-on-soldiers-and-how-medical-professionals-attempted-to-treat-shell-shock/

https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history

https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-first-world-war

https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2017/summer/feature/world-war-i-changed-america-and-transformed-its-role-in-international-relations

Austria's Ultimatum

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:00:51 UTC

Austria's Ultimatum, was a crucial event in the Great War. The Austrian-Hungarian Empire had found itself in mayhem, after the loss of the empire's heir Franz Ferdinand. The Prime Minister for Austria Baron Giesl von Gieslingen had felt there was no choice but to wage war on Serbia, for the inadmissable act of assassinating the Arch Duke. The plan was to list impossibly fulfillable demands, to which Serbia would be forced to reject, which in that case would leave Austria in position to declare a war. The ultimatum was potentially the catalyst for the war between all of Europe, and eventually the world.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

The Blank Cheque

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:00:54 UTC

On July 5th 1914, German officials handed Austria a Blank Cheque, which officially stated Germany's stance as Austria's ally in the circumstance of a war waged against Serbia. The Cheque was carried out by Kaiser Wilhem. This Cheque stated Germany's unconditional support of Austria, no matter the response they'd take against Serbia. It was a secret pledge of this unconditional support, this gave Austria the confidence needed to advance against Serbia. Germany believed that a strong alliance with Austria would secure Germany's place as a leading power.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

The Black Hand

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:00:58 UTC

The Black Hand was a nationalist primarily Serbian group. This group was formed shortly after the Austrian-Hungarian Empire annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina years after pledging to take care of this land in 1908. The first meeting consisted of 10 men, but as time went on their meetings consisted of as many as 2500 members. The group focused heavily on planned assassinations, planting bombs, and general acts of sabotage. The Black Hand is famously known for being responsible for the assassination of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire's heir and Arch Duke, Franz Ferdinand. This assassination, which was carried out by Gavrilo Princip, was one of the catalysts for the Great War.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

The Battle of Marne

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:01:01 UTC

The battle of Marne took place in September 6-12 in 1914. The opposing forces were France and Great Britain against Germany. This battle had been said to be the most decisive land battle since Waterloo in 1815. The German and French armies had mobilized about two million soldiers each. This battle contained the largest variety of artillery and weaponry anyone had ever seen before. But the amount of casualties (or "wastage") had been at least two hundred thousand men which was also unseen before.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

The Battle of Jutland

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:01:04 UTC

The battle of Jutland was appointed as the first major naval engagement in the Great War. This battle took place in May 31st and June 1st 1916. This war set Germany against Great Britain. Specifically 151 British warships against 99 German ships all located in Jutland Denmark. This battle began by a German ambush aimed to weaken the British Grand Fleet. Despite being outnumbered German arose victorious from the battle. An American report on the battle conducted by William Sims, an American Navy Admiral reported huge mistakes the British made in strategy, machinery, and artillery. Germany's victory was also made possible by the very difficult maneuver of turning simultaneously away from the British warships, dodging their attacks.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

The Battle of Verdun

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:01:07 UTC

The battle of Verdun has been appointed as the most gruesome battle in the entirety of World War I. Not only did this battle have insane amount of casualties (Five hundred thousand French, and Four hundred thousand German casualties) but it also lasted over ten months. Due to the extensive struggle and effort, this became France's most costly battle. But that hard work wasn't in vain, for France emerged victorious from the battle. Though the victory left a bitter legacy for France.

By: Sofia Marmolejos

Sources Cited

tfnszgbysp — 2024-05-30 18:01:10 UTC

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263505383_Foreign_policy_of_Serbia_towards_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_before_the_breakup_of_1_World_War

https://www.sutori.com/en/story/world-war-i-timeline--vZt4ar9ZEkobCeotuFaqr5Kc

https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/first-world-war/the-battle-of-jutland

https://www.chino.k12.ca.us/cms/lib/CA01902308/Centricity/Domain/3696/D%20Austrias%20Ultimatum%20to%20Serbia.pdf

https://www.pierreswesternfront.nl/marne-the-first-battle-of-the-marne-1914

https://www.history.navy.mil/research/publications/documentary-histories/wwi/june-1917/vice-admiral-william-37.html

https://www.torrossa.com/it/resources/an/4914805

https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3065

https://www.jstor.org/stable/45330407

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354066111427613

Downfall of Four Monarchies

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:19 UTC

More ramifications were likely felt after World conflict I than after any other conflict. In terms of politics, it led to the fall of four monarchies: Turkey in 1922, Austria-Hungary and Germany in 1918, and Russia in 1917. It helped the Bolsheviks seize power in 1917 in Russia and the dictatorship that triumphed in Italy in 1922. In Southeast Asia and the Middle East, it sparked colonial uprisings.

Yugoslavia

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:21 UTC

On December 1, 1918, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was established; it was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. In addition to the two formerly independent states of Serbia and Montenegro, the new state comprised Dalmatia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia & Herzegovina, as well as portions of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. Despite the goal of fostering a stronger Serb nationalism, Yugoslavia was unable to forge a shared sense of national identity.

Treaty of Versailles

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:24 UTC

After several months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference, the Treaty of Versailles was finally signed in June 1919. The purpose of the pact was to guarantee that Germany would never again be a military danger to France or Britain. Its notorious "war guilt clause" blamed Germany for starting the conflict. Additionally, the pact required Germany to make large reparations payments and relinquished 25,000 square kilometers of land. Based on Wilson's Fourteen Points, the Germans had anticipated a place at the bargaining table; instead, they could only express vehement disapproval and referred to the Treaty as a "Diktat."

Release of Abel Gance’s Film J’Accuse

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:26 UTC

Numerous creative responses centered on the pointlessness of death and the futility of war were sparked by the enormous damage caused by World War I. In the French film J'Accuse, wounded and disfigured soldiers emerge from their graves to visit their villages and determine whether or not their sacrifices were in vain. These sequences were filmed in 1918 on real battlefields by director Abel Gance, who used French soldiers as performers. Before the war was over, several of these troops were later killed in combat.

United States Senate Rejects Treaty of Versailles

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:28 UTC

The utopian internationalism that President Wilson espoused in the Fourteen Points was not embraced by every American. Wilson believed that international collaboration was the way to enduring peace, while isolationism—the belief that the United States should engage in as little foreign policy as possible—was favored by many Americans. The League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles were twice rejected by the US Senate. The strength and prestige of the League of Nations were significantly diminished in the absence of American involvement.

Miscommunication

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:31 UTC

There are few things that better illustrate how unpredictable the future is. The majority of Europeans anticipated a peaceful and prosperous future at the start of the 20th century. For a century, Europe has not engaged in a significant conflict. But World War I, a conflict that few anticipated or desired, destroyed faith in human development. It is possible that the conflict might have been avoided at any moment in the five weeks preceding the start of hostilities. Miscommunication, miscalculation, and misunderstanding led to the outbreak of World War I.

Sources

camilaandradeee0_1 — 2024-05-30 18:01:34 UTC

https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/teaching-resource/historical-context-global-effect-world-war-i#:~:text=Politically%2C%20it%20resulted%20in%20the,fascism%20in%20Italy%20in%201922.

World War I and its Aftermath: Key Dates | Holocaust Encyclopedia (ushmm.org )

The First World War and Its Aftermath | AHA (historians.org )

Watch The Great War Full Episodes, Video & More | HISTORY Channel

Watch The Great War | American Experience | Official Site | PBS

World War I | History, Summary, Causes, Combatants, Casualties, Map, & Facts | Britannica

World War I: Summary, Causes & Facts | HISTORY

Six Causes of World War I | Norwich University - Online

About WWI | National WWI Museum and Memorial (theworldwar.org )

U.S. Participation in the Great War (World War I) | Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 | U.S. History Primary Source Timeline | Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress | Library of Congress (loc.gov )

By: Sofia Marmolejos

tfnszgbysp — 2024-06-02 03:56:22 UTC

By: Lia Rivera

lia_rivera — 2024-06-02 22:17:29 UTC