Selain itu, ibu bapa hendaklah meletak satu peraturan dalam satu masa kepada anak dan tidak meletakkan peraturan yang banyak dan bertinding menyebabkan anak tidak mampu mengikuti peraturan tersebut. Keadaan ini bolrh menjejaskan emosi mereka kerana terlampau banyak peraturan. Namun ibu bapa hendaklah disamping mereka dengan Namun ibu bapa hendaklah disamping mereka dengan aktiviti sampingan yang menyambung peraturan tersebut.

Sebagai contoh, pada peringkat pertama ibu bapa meletakkan arahan menghantar pinggan mangkuknke sinki selepas makan manakala jbu bapa mencuci pinggan mangku yang dihantar oleh anak. Disini anak akan mula belajar untuk berdikari dalam tugas rumah tangga.

Pada peringkat kedua, setelah anak mengikut arahan pertama dalam tempoh 2 - 3 minggu, ibu bapa boleh meletakkan peraturan kedua selepas peraturan pertama. Sebagai contoh, anak-anak selepas menghantar pinggan mangkuk hendaklah mencuci pinggan yang sudah digunakan sambil ibu bapa membilas pinggan dan menyimpan di rak pinggan. Disini akan turut membantu anak dalam perkembangan rutin harian mereka.

Pada tempoh yang sama, 2 - 3 minggu kemudian barulah ibu bapa arahan baharu iaitu setelah menhantar dan mencuci anak perlu membilas pingan serta meletakkan di rak pinggan. Arahan akhir proses suatu rutin boleh menambah lebih dari satu atau kurang daripada 3 peraturan pada satu masa sama untuk memberikan anak berfikir dengan kritikal terhadap peraturan komplex. Keadaan ini membantu anak berfikir dan memahami peraturan pada masa yang sama.

Strategi ini boleh dilakukan dalam pelbagai bentuk aktiviti dengan proses yang sama. Terima kasih.🥰

Tuto : Mon (10-11am).

Section 2.

Here's my step-by-step example of a strategy for establishing rules for screen time.

1. Parents spend a brief moment with the child.

2. Share what parents have noticed so far (from their perspective).

3. Clearly state the rule, ensuring it's easy to understand (e.g., "Screen time only after finishing reading or homework").

4. Patiently address the toddler's emotional or behavioral response to the rules by allowing them to express their thoughts and emotions, explaining the reason behind the rules, and addressing any questions they may have.

5. Remain flexible, listen to the toddler's thoughts and opinions, and consider if adjustments can be made to the rules or if they can be integrated.

6. Confirm that the child understands the established rule.

7. Be consistent with the rule and use positive reinforcements when children adhere to it.

Tutorial Mon 10-11

Section 2

First is to identify if there is a need to set the rule for the toddler's behaviours. Such as, screen time. If the toddler watches his or her cartoon during meal time, then it's necessary to set a rule for screen time behaviour. Then, parents need to communicate with the toddler not in questioning manner so that the toddler would understand and so that the toddler will comply easily later on with the rule and to avoid making them feel like they are making a mistake. Then after that, parents can establish the rule after observing thee toddler's reaction. Make sure to be short and simple yet realistic (age appropriate) for the toddlers. Parents should be patient in establishing the rules for children. Reward the toddlers for listening and following the rules.

1. Identify age-appropriate chores

2. Turn chores into fun game or activities

3. Provide guidance especially when teaching a new chore & become a role-model or example for toddlers

4. Make a visual chore chart to make chores a daily routine for toddlers

5. Use positive reinforcement by celebrating toddler's accomplishments to encourage them to continue participate in house chores such as praise, high five or small reward.

BP22110245

1. Make sure that the toddler has no gadget at the very young age. Instead, books and toys as a form of entertainment. They are also allowed to watch TV preferably the education channel.

2. Always make sure they will clean up the mess they made when they were playing with their toys. In this context, instruct them gently by using appropriate language and tone and don't forget to praise them when they follow the rules.

3. Always teach them to be kind to others and also animals. Train them to say thank you whenever they receive something and polite ways to ask for something. In order for this to work, do not give them anything they want until they say 'please' and set a mild punishment such as no candy everytime they forget to say 'thank you’.

Bp22110061

Tuto Monday (10-11am) , Sect. 2

Setting a strategy rules for toddlers is important for several reasons. One of the reason is to develop self discipline in toddlers.

Toddlers character are develop at home. So one strategy rule that can help in character development is in doing household chores.

They can do simple task such as putting away their toys after playing. Putting away their toys teaches toddlers responsibility and organizational skills.

Secondly, doing simple task such as watering plants. Through this task, toddlers may learn about the science of plant growth, and principles of plant care. It also provides sensory stimulation as they feel the texture of the soil and experience the sight and sound of water.

Last but not least, teaching toddlers in setting the table. Setting the table teaches toddler about mealtime routines and social etiquette. It also develop fine motor skills as they handle utensils and dishes.

Tutorial Mon 12-1pm

Section 1

Screen time

1. Use simple command when controlling the screen time. For example, No watching tv.

2. Consistent on setting rules between adults (mom and dad)

3. Discuss the rules together with toddler. Encourage the toddlers to ask “why” and then explain the reason about the time limit of screen time.

4. Use positive reinforcement such as play at the park after switching off the television.

   
   

BP22110084

Tutorial Monday (10-11am)

Section 2

1. Set a clear and simple rules.

   According to the age, situation and environment of the family and set a rules that must be followed by everyone.

2. Explain and repeat the rules to the child and follow the rules consistency. No one can break the rules or else will get punishment.

3. Make the rules into visual view to help the child to remember other than repeating it only.

4. Be a model so that the child able to learn by observing. When they follow the rules, provide specific praise.

• talk about what rules would help their family and agree which ones to set

• post the rules in the house so everyone can know them

• talk with other adults who care for their children about the rules to make sure everyone knows what is allowed and not allowed

• ask all caregivers to be consistent in monitoring and enforcing the rules

• remind children about the rules by repeating and posting them in the home

1. The parents may accompany their children obey the rules together. This will allow children to participate more actively and accept the rules.

   
   

   For example, parents intend to decrease their children screen time.

   We can do something meaningful with our children such as storytelling or playing toys with them. It provide previous time for parents to build relationship with their children. At the same time, children willing to follow the rules if their parents were accompanying them.

   
   

2. Next, we must give them clear instructions about the rules or try to correct their behavior in gentle way.

   
   

   Children make mistakes easily because they still in learning process. As a parent, we must give them advise in gentle way and easy to understand way. For example, we want to reduce the number of times your child puts their hands into their mouth. If our child cannot follow the rules, we can warning them with higher tone like say ‘no’ in higher tone. If they make the same mistake again, we can pat their hand gently. It make the child realize their mistake and remember the rules.

1. to define and communicate clearly the outline of the rules, make usre children understand the reason why the rules establish

2. involve children in rule making process to help them feel more seen and important

3. be firm and fair while enforcing the rules by listening to children perspective

4. lead a great example on how to follow the rule, be their role model and demonstrate a good behaviour

5. praise and reward good behaviour to children for following the rules

BP22110039

1) Be realistic.

Children between the ages of two and four can exhibit difficult and challenging behaviors, we need to remember that they act the way they do for a reason. Parents can't expect toddlers to have regulate their behaviour like middle school age childnren. Hence, it is important for parents to accept the fact that this is part of developmental stages. Parents should embrace it and handle correctly.

2) Make simple rules and age-appropriate.

For example, set the rules one by one so toddlers can learn.

3) Be a good example to toddlers.

Somehow, how our children behave reflects ours. If we want our children like to do house chores or helping their mother, the father should start it first.

Bp22110411

Tuto (Tue 10-11) section 2

The parents must strive to nurture, protect and guide children through each stage of their lives. However, it’s not always a smooth and easy path. As they grow and develop, there are times when kids display undesirable or unexplainable behavior—

Here are the strategy for establishing rules and relationship in parenting

Set clear limits on child’s behavior.

Sit down and have a family discussion on the family rules in your home. Let the child know what the consequences will be if they break the rules. Rules should be few, fair, easy to follow, enforceable and positively stated (e.g., Stay close to dad in the store, use a pleasant voice, wash your hands before meals.)

Don’t feed into their emotional outbursts.

If the child misbehaves, stay calm and give them clear instruction to stop misbehaving and tell them what parents would like them to do instead. (e.g., “Stop throwing. Play with the truck on the ground.”) Use specific praise with your child if they stop. (e.g., “Thank you for playing with the truck on the ground.”)

Don’t forget to give the child positive attention.

Kids need positive attention. If they do not receive positive attention from family, they may choose to seek out negative attention. This is because negative attention is still attention, and any attention is better than being ignored. Remember to communicate with the child. Love and care are the greatest healers.

Parent by example. (Model what parents’ expect)

Think of the kids like a copy machine who will mimic everything parents do. If parents make poor choices in behavior, they are giving kids permission to act in the same ways. Check in with the behavior , and don’t lose it in front of the children.

Strategy for establishing rules in the mall.

Setting boundaries with toddlers at a mall might be difficult due to the new surroundings and the availability of several stimuli. Here's a strategy ;

1. Before visiting the mall, discuss the limits that your child must follow. You might designate some places where they can roam freely and others where they must keep close by.

2. To prevent the child from being lost, teach him or her to always grasp your hand or stay near by. Explain the potential dangers of running or wandering away.

3. Practice Ahead of Time: Play out scenarios at home to help your child understand what behaviour is expected at the mall. Use toys or pretend play to practice walking together, remaining near, and following instructions.

4. Offer Rewards for Cooperation: Positive reinforcement can help toddlers follow the rules. Provide small rewards, like as stickers or praise, for being near, holding hands, or following directions.

5. Stay Calm and Patient: Mall trips can be stressful for toddlers, so expect some resistance or testing of limits. Maintain calm and patience, and gently remind the child of the rules as required.

6. Discuss and Reinforce: After the mall visit, discuss the rules with your child. Praise them for following the rules and discuss any instances when they did not comply, using the experience as a learning lesson for the next time.

Matric Number: BP22110408

Tutorial: Tuesday (12-1pm)

Section 1

For toddlers' safety and to encourage improved behaviour, rules must be established. The following are some useful methods:

1. Stay Reasonable: Acknowledge their slow progress and realise that moments of emotional breakdown are common.

2. Maintain It Straightforward: Make use of brief, uncomplicated guidelines that young children may comprehend and recite back to you.

3. Create Open Communication: Talk to your child about the importance of particular behaviours and the rules.

4. Be Consistent: Make sure that all caretakers follow the most crucial guidelines to protect your child.

5. Employ Positive Reinforcement: Highlight positive conduct in particular to promote recurrence.

6. Establish Clear Rules: Write down basic guidelines like "no injuring others" and "clean up after playing."

Play time:

1. Safety first: setting boundaries and encourage child to play in safe areas.

2. Share toys with others: encourage children to sharing toys and taking turns with other kids.

3. Clean up: teach children to put back toys back in their places and tidy up any messes.

4. Limit screen time: set limit screen time during play time.

5. Parental supervision: supervise playtime to ensure their safety.

Step 1: Make a simple rules

Parents should create rules that are simple, clear, and suitable for a toddler’s age. Parents can use words that a toddler can easily understand.

Step 2: Explain why the rules exist

Parents should give a simple reason on why each rule exist. For example, parents can explain to toddler why they can only use the phone for a little while, because their eyes need to rest.

Step 3: Give rewards on their positive behavior

Reward toddler when they follow the rules by giving a praise or giving them some sweets since these can encourages them to keep up with the good behavior.

Step 4: Give punishment if they do ot obey with the rules

Toddler will get punishment if they broke the rules. For example, they cannot eat any sweets for awhile if they broke the rules.

Discuss screen-usage guidelines with your kids when you sit down to eat. Get their opinion on what activities should be prioritized and how much time they believe is fair. Come to an agreement on a set of guidelines that both parties can live with, like capping screen time at one hour during the week and two hours on the weekends.

2.Consistency and Clarity

Establish a schedule for going to bed that outlines expectations. Every night at 8:30 p.m., tell your kids that it's bedtime, and make sure you stick to this rule. Unless absolutely required, like on exceptional occasions, avoid creating exceptions.

3.Positive Reinforcement

Establish a system of rewards for finishing tasks. For every task your kids finish, you may, for instance, offer them a sticker. When they collect a particular amount of stickers, they can trade them in for a special reward or privilege, such as extended screen time or their favorite dessert.

4.Natural Consequences

Let your child suffer the inevitable consequence of going without food until their next meal if they forget to bring lunch to school. They learn the value of accountability and preparation from this.

BP22110107

Seksyen 1

1. Keep it easy to understand: Come up with short and sweet straightforward, and easily learned rules for young children. Speak plainly to them and refrain from giving them too many rules. This guideline encourages enjoyable social connections and prevents violent behavior by teaching young children how to engage with others with consideration and care.

2. Create Open Communication: Talk to your toddler about the rules and address any concerns they may have. Ensure that they comprehend the rationale for the regulations and the repercussions of disobeying them. Gentle hands can be defined and demonstrated by parents, who can also model caring and kind touch for their children.

3. Set an example of good behavior by acting in ways that you would like your toddler to behave. Since kids pick up on behaviors from the adults in their environment, provide an example for your child to follow.

4. Use Positive Language: When explaining what you want your toddler to do, use positive language rather than concentrating on their bad conduct. Say "use gentle hands" instead of "no hitting," for instance.

(BP21110397)

Tuto: Tue (12 pm-1 pm)

Section 3

1. Be consistent: Toddlers benefit much from regularity and consistency. Establish consistent, unambiguous norms so they will know what is expected of them in various contexts. For example, if you have a rule against using a screen at the mall, follow it each time you go.

   
   

2. Apply positive reinforcement: Place more emphasis on rewarding good behavior than on punishing bad behavior. When your kid obeys the rules, give them praise and treats. For example, if your child behaves well during mealtime, you can reward them with a small treat or additional playtime.

   
   

3. Establish expectations that are suitable for the child's age: Remember that young children lack self-control and comprehension. Establish guidelines that are suitable for their developmental stage and age. You may give them basic household tasks like putting away toys or cleaning up their play space, for instance.

   
   

4. Describe the rules as follows:

   Give careful thought to the rationale behind a few of the regulations. Help them comprehend by using vocabulary that is age- and simple-appropriate. For example, you may clarify that it's crucial to concentrate on being present and safe, thus screen time at the mall is prohibited.

   
   

5. Set a model for others to follow: Toddlers learn knowledge by watching and copying. Set a good example for others by abiding by the rules. If you want your toddler to help out around the house, teach them the steps involved and let them help out.

1. Buat peraturan yang ringkas dan mudah untuk difaham

2. Konsisten dengan peraturan yang telah dibuat

3. Galakkan perbuatan yang baik dan positif

4. Jadikan diri sendiri sebagai contoh kepada anak kecil

5. Gunakan peneguhan positif, iaitu beri ganjaran kepada anak kecil jika mereka melakukan sesuatu yang mengikut peraturan

6. Terangkan peraturan yang telah dibuat dan kenapa ia dibuat

PROGRAM: CHILD AND FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY

SECTION: 1

TUTORIAL: TUESDAY 11-12PM

In my opinion, to establish rules, parents will need to be the role model and the same time accompany the children throughout the process.

1. Parents will brief/tell the children about the rules (like wash the dishes after eating, know to call people when meeting someone especially elderly, wait for the elderly to take the food when having meal together, etc).

2. Parents will show as an example and role model to the children (parents themselves have the habits of washing dishes after eating, say hello/call people when meeting someone, wait for the elderly to take food first when having meals together).

3. Parents will slowly teach, lead, and train the children to make those "rules" as "habits" (teach and lead them to bring the dishes to the kitchen and wash, tell and remind them what to call when meeting people, lead and train to wait for everyone being seated and the elderly to take the food first before eating).

4. When the "rules" become "habits", children will behave politely.

BP22110333

1.Set Consequences: Clearly communicate the consequences of breaking the rules. Consequences should be reasonable, age-appropriate, and related to the infraction. For example, if a child doesn't complete their homework, they might lose screen time privileges.

2.Encourage Communication: Create an open environment where your child feels comfortable expressing their thoughts and concerns about the rules. Encourage them to ask questions and provide input, and be willing to listen to their perspective.

3.Offer Positive Reinforcement: Acknowledge and praise your child when they follow the rules. Positive reinforcement helps reinforce good behavior and encourages your child to continue following the rules.

1. Use Positive Reinforcement: Acknowledge and praise your children when they follow the rules. Positive reinforcement encourages good behavior more effectively than solely focusing on consequences for bad behavior.

2. Be Firm but Fair: Maintain a balance between being firm and understanding. Show empathy while still holding them accountable.

3. Regularly Review and Adjust: As your children grow and circumstances change, review your rules periodically. Make adjustments as necessary to accommodate their developmental stages and changing needs.

BP21110241 ( Tue, 12-1)

1. Identify Core Values. Choose the values we want to instill in our children, such as honesty, respect, and responsibility.

2. Be Clear and Consistent: Clearly communicate the rules and consequences, and enforce them consistently.

3. Lead by Example: as parent, children will follow what their parents do. Model the behavior you want to see in our children, as they often learn more from what we do than what we say

4. Praise and Encouragement: Recognize and reward positive behavior, reinforcing the importance of following the rules.

1. Keep it Simple: Use clear, age-appropriate language to explain the rules. Keep them simple and straightforward.

2. Be Consistent: Enforce the rules consistently. Toddlers thrive on routine and predictability.

3. Positive Reinforcement: Praise and reward good behavior to reinforce positive actions. This could be verbal praise, stickers, or special privileges.

4. Redirect Negative Behavior: Instead of just saying "no," redirect your child's behavior towards a more appropriate activity or behavior.

5. Use Timeouts or Consequences: If a rule is broken, calmly enforce a consequence such as a timeout or loss of a privilege. Be consistent with consequences.

6. Listen and Empathize: Acknowledge your child's feelings and concerns. Listen to their perspective and empathize with their emotions.

7. Stay Patient: Remember that toddlers are still learning and developing self-control. Stay patient and provide gentle guidance as they navigate boundaries and rules.

2. Be consistent: Consistency is key. Enforce the rules consistently and fairly every time. Toddlers thrive on routine and predictability.

3. Use positive reinforcement: Praise and reward good behavior. Positive reinforcement, such as verbal praise, stickers, or small rewards, can motivate toddlers to follow the rules.

4. Set clear expectations: Explain the rules in language that toddlers can understand. Use simple, concrete language and demonstrate the behavior you expect.

5. Redirect and distract: Toddlers are easily distracted, so if they break a rule, gently redirect their attention to a different activity or behavior.

6. Model good behavior: Children learn by example, so be a role model for the behavior you want to see. Show kindness, patience, and respect in your interactions with others.

7. Stay patient: Toddlers are still learning and developing self-control. Be patient and understanding as they learn to follow the rules.

Remember, it takes time and repetition for toddlers to learn and internalize rules, so be patient and consistent these approach.

BP22110266

1. Keep it Simple and Clear: Toddlers understand simple and straightforward rules better. Use clear language and make sure they know what is expected of them. Example: "No running in the mall. We walk together."

2. Provide Structure and Routine: Establishing predictable routines can help toddlers feel secure and understand what is expected of them in different situations. Example: "After playtime, we clean up our toys together before bedtime."

3. Explain the Reasons Behind the Rules: Help toddlers understand why certain rules are in place to foster their understanding and cooperation. Example: "We hold hands in the parking lot to stay safe. Cars are moving around us."

1. Penyampaian Peraturan dengan Mudah: Gunakan kata-kata yang mudah difahami dan langsung, seperti "Jangan sentuh", "Jangan lari", atau "Berdiri betul-betul".

2. Beri Contoh yang Jelas: Tunjukkan kepada mereka bagaimana peraturan itu dilaksanakan. Misalnya, jika anda mahu mereka duduk diam di meja makan, duduklah bersama mereka dan tunjukkan bagaimana cara yang betul.

3. Konsistensi: Amalkan peraturan secara konsisten. Jika satu peraturan dikenakan, pastikan ia dilaksanakan setiap kali situasi yang sama berlaku.

4. Beri Pujian dan Hadiah: Berikan pujian atau ganjaran positif apabila mereka mematuhi peraturan. Ini memberi mereka insentif untuk berkelakuan dengan baik.

5. Terangkan Akibat: Terangkan kepada mereka akibat dari tidak mematuhi peraturan, tetapi lakukan dengan lembut dan berfokus pada pembelajaran positif.

Contoh penggunaan peraturan di tempat awam seperti di pusat membeli-belah:

"Di dalam pusat membeli-belah, kita tidak boleh berlari kerana boleh menyebabkan kecederaan kepada diri sendiri atau orang lain."

"Ketika berada di restoran, kita mesti duduk diam dan makan dengan betul. Ini menunjukkan sopan santun dan menghormati orang lain yang makan bersama kita."

"Apabila kita selesai membeli, kita tidak akan menghabiskan masa di kawasan mainan atau elektronik. Sebaliknya, kita akan pulang ke rumah."

"Semasa melakukan kerja-kerja rumah, kita bekerjasama untuk membersihkan bilik bersama-sama. Ini menunjukkan tanggungjawab dan keprihatinan terhadap persekitaran kita."

1. Reflect on Values: Start by contemplating your family's core values and which behaviors and principles hold significance for you. These may include respect, honesty, responsibility, empathy, among others. Craft rules that align with these values.

2. Involve Your Children: Depending on their age, engage your children in the process of establishing rules. This not only aids in their comprehension of the rationale behind rules but also instills a sense of ownership, thereby increasing compliance. With younger children, simplify this by offering choices within predetermined boundaries.

3. Be Clear and Consistent: Ensure that your rules are straightforward, precise, and easily understandable. Avoid ambiguity or overly intricate rules. Consistency is key; enforce rules consistently and fairly to prevent confusion or resentment.

4. Set Reasonable Expectations: Verify that the rules you set are suitable for your children's age and realistic. Take into account their developmental stage, capabilities, and temperament when setting expectations.

5. Explain the Reasons Behind the Rules: Aid your children in comprehending the purpose behind specific rules. This fosters understanding and promotes adherence. It also nurtures critical thinking abilities and empathy.

6. Model Behavior: Children often learn by observation, so ensure that you exemplify the behaviors you expect from them. If you desire your children to exhibit respect, honesty, and responsibility, embody these qualities in your own actions.

7. Use Positive Reinforcement: Acknowledge and reward your children when they abide by the rules. Positive reinforcement is more effective than punishment in cultivating desirable behaviors. It motivates children to repeat these behaviors in the future.

8. Establish Consequences: Clearly delineate the repercussions of violating the rules. Consequences should be rational, reasonable, and proportionate to the transgression. Ensure that your children understand the correlation between their actions and the ensuing consequences.

9. Be Flexible: While rules are essential, it's also crucial to demonstrate flexibility when necessary. As your children grow and circumstances evolve, you may need to adapt the rules accordingly. Remain open to negotiation and compromise when appropriate.

10. Regularly Review and Adjust: Periodically evaluate your family rules to ascertain their relevance and efficacy. As your children mature, some rules may necessitate modification or replacement. Seek input from your children and make alterations as needed.

By adhering to these strategies, you can establish explicit, consistent, and efficient rules that foster positive behavior and facilitate your children's development.