- Most Afghan people are leaving their homes in order to escape Afghanistan and the Taliban

Incentive(s)
- To escape the Taliban’s return to power, especially women and young girls because they are the main victims of the extreme religious implementation of laws and gender discrimination that the Taliban is establishing in Afghanistan

- To find safety, escape violence, poverty, and economic suffering

Cost
Explicit: Having to endure harsh journeys to escape Afghanistan. The refugees have no money or source of income and had to leave their belongings and house behind.
Implicit: Having to leave their hometown, possibly suffering with the separation of families and loss of loved ones, as well as the harsh mental effect that comes with enduring violence and escaping under harsh conditions.

Benefits
Explicit: The UNHCR and other external aids are helping Afghan refugees by providing basic health services, money, shelter, food, and other essential items.
Implicit: Being under safer conditions as they are farther away from the violence and terrorism under the rule of the Taliban, feeling a stronger sense of security and safety. They are not completely alone anymore.

- Afghanistan is also being impacted by natural disasters such as droughts and earthquakes, which could affect the people living in rural areas and displaced from their homes

Cultural Impact
- The Taliban imposed many rules that restrict women from having basic rights, such as not being to have an education, having to cover themselves up, not being able to have a job, etc.  This affects them socially and culturally, as many of these bans limit women’s abilities in social interaction and work. This also is a political impact because the government is imposing these rules on women in Afghanistan because of a change in their political structure and beliefs.

- People within Afghanistan have also been displaced from their homes after fleeing from fighting, making so a large number of people are left without homes and jobs (demographic) 

- Pakistan also has a struggling economy and the influx of refugees has caused disputes among land and water supply; Pakistan’s security and political stability are also affected by the Afghan Mujahidin, who are pursuing fleeing Afghan refugees in Pakistan. This is a political and economic impact.
- Over half of the Pakistani population live in rural areas, and Afghan refugees are also residing in these unsanitary and rural areas because they suffer from poverty, making them vulnerable to disease and sickness in their communities. More refugees are fleeing to these places, creating more stress on the safety and health of the communities. This is an economic impact because the wealth in Pakistan is not well distributed and many citizens live in poverty. The refugees are also extremely poor and both factors can cause a number of problems in safety and health.