https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy Made with the strength to succeed en-us 2016-10-07 14:22:07 UTC 2016-10-26 14:31:22 UTC hello@padlet.com muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130018194 2016-10-12 03:21:08 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130018194 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130131047 Selective attention: focusing on something ignoring everything else
PERCEPTION
top-down processing: Interpret what we sense 
Absolute threshold: the minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time, This smallest amount of stimuli we can detect 50% of the time
Just noticeable difference is the amount something must be changed in order to detect 50% of the time]]> 2016-10-12 14:05:01 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130131047 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130449497 Cornea-pupil-iris-lens-retina
Cornea- Transparent Protector- place where light enters the eye
Pupil- adjustable opening in the center of the iris where light continues to enter; contracts in bright light and relaxes in dim
Iris- Colored part of the eye protection from damage
Lens- Transparent part of eye inside pupil, focuses light onto the retina by changing it's curvature 
Accommodation- lens shape changes according to the distance.
Retina- inner lining on the back of the eyeball that contains receptor cells sensitive to light
Blind spot- point where the optic nerve leaves the eye; no vision receptors here
fovea- line of central focus, holds only cones
optic nerve- carries visual info to the occipital lobe but 1st to the thalamus]]> 2016-10-13 14:18:25 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130449497 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130458104 Optic Chiasm- spot where nerves cross
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus- area in thalamus that interprets images
3 layers of retina
1. Rods (b/w) and cones (Color) receptor cells responsible for vision 2:1 rods outnumber. Peripheral vision relies on rods
2. Bipolar cells- Specialized neurons connect to rods and cones
3. Ganglion cells-Axons of these cells, made of optic nerve and sends info to thalamus specifically the LGN
2 Kinds of Ganglion Cells
Magnocellur cells (M Cells)- Detect Motion
Parvocellur cells- Detect color/what item is
Acuity- Ability to distinguish fine details, Sharpness]]> 2016-10-13 14:36:01 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/130458104 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/131158263 Gestalt-Whole or form, we see things a "whole"
sometimes what we see is not there
Figure ground-We organize info into a figure seen against a ground
Proximity-group nearby figures together (Muller-Lyer illusion)
similarity- group similar figures together 
continuity- see smooth, continuous patterns
connectedness- when linked, we see spots, lines or areas as a single unit
depth perception- 2 dimensions fall on retina; perceive as 3D we estimate distance
Visual cliff- Test of depth perception, infants and toddlers can see depth perception
visual constancy= perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal images
5 types of perceptual constancy color, shape, size, location, brightness
Monocular cues
Interposition 1 object blocks view of another.
Texture gradient coarse, distinct texture is closer than finer, indistinct texture
Linear perspective- parallel lines appear to converge in distance 
binocular cues
retinal disparity- difference between sight/views of 2 eyes
convergence- cue for perceiving depth; eyes converge inward towards object
stereoscopic vision- combine 2 retinal images to get 3D perception
assumption- closer object gets larger
stroboscopic movement- motion pics 
phi phenomenon- illusion of lights
autokinetic illusion=perceived motion created by single stationary object (Slight movement of eye muscles make object move
sound localization 
monaural cue- louder sound means closer sound
binaural cues-stereophonic- multi directional audio perspective 

]]> 2016-10-17 14:33:20 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/131158263 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/131490089 hammer, anvil, stirrup air vibrates these bones, vibration of stirrup hits oval window, liquid form gets sent to cochlea. Basilar membrane in the cochlea have hairs which sends neurons to the organ of corti. message sent into auditory nerve gets sent to thalamus then temporal lobe. Vestibular organ helps keeps balance.
Theories of hearing
1. place theory: ability to hear different pitches of sound is due to location of neuron activity on Basilar membrane in cochlea
2. frequency theory: Vibration triggers neural impulses to brain at same rate as sound wave
3. volley principle: neural cells can alternate firing and thereby achieve combined frequency for very average pitch]]> 2016-10-18 14:38:41 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/131490089 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/132707101 Olfactory
5 million receptors in the nose 
epithlium-membrane top of naval cavity
receptor cells sends info to olfactory bulb to limbic system amygdala then to hippocampus
not to thalamus like other senses
preblems with sense of smell due to clogged receptor cells-
gustation (taste)
taste buds (papillae)
receptor cells for taste
characteristic pattern to taste sensation
5 tastes- salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami
skin senses
cutaneous sensations pressure, temperature, & pain
some spots are especially sensitive to certain stimuli
pressure only receptors
brain is most sensitive to unexpected stimulation
skin kinesthesis sense of body parts and positions
vestibular sense monitors head position and movement(balance)
Pain- no one specific receptor or stimulus
gate control theory- "neurological gate" in the spinal cord controls the transmission of pain to the brain 
Phantom limb-misinterpretation
Cold +warm water=HOT

]]> 2016-10-24 14:19:07 UTC https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/132707101 muhammadrah6016 https://padlet.com/muhammadrah6016/parma7xp7myy/wish/133333703 What are arguments for and against receiving a cochlear implant?
For:
-gives the opportunity to hear
Against:
-Invasive surgery 
-Sometimes people do not see deafness as an handicap 
-Disrupts natural language of the family
After receiving cochlear implants what are some of the benefits and struggles that are experienced?

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