Communication aids include Audio books, communication cards.

For a full explanation on different types of Visual Impairment disabilities and disorders refer to this link: https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/vision/

Incidence:
Visual impairment is very common and can be classified as a disability with high incidence. According to the World Health Organization this effects about 2.2 billion people around the world. Of those 2.2 billion, 1 billion have severe or moderate visual impairments. Those diagnosed with blindness are commonly aged 50 and above, but still can effect all ages. 

Link to WHO page on Visual Impairment: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

Students who are visually impaired also may be provided with services for mobility and use of technologies to maximize their education and living environments. 
*This is a US policy and may defer among other countries.

Sources: 
https://www.iu1.org/departments/special-education-services/visual-impairment-support#:~:text=The%20Individuals%20with%20Disabilities%20Education,both%20partial%20sight%20and%20blindness.

https://www.disabled-world.com/disability/types/vision/

General difficulties with hearing (How to Support a Child With a Hearing Impairment in School, 2022)

There is a high level of children born in the USA, with around 66% of households have a child with some detectable level of hearing loss. Around 15% of adults in the US have at least some trouble hearing. Adult males are more likely than females to experience hearing loss, and non-Hispanic white males have the highest risk. 1/8 children aged 12 or older have experienced some sort of hearing loss in both ears. (National Association of the Deaf, 2021) 

Disability categories. Disability Categories. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.fcps.edu/academics/academic-overview/special-education-instruction/procedural-support-disability-categories 

LDAOeng. (2018, May 4). Assistive technology for students with learning disabilities. LD@school. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.ldatschool.ca/assistive-technology/ 

National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD). (n.d.).
Accommodations for students with LD. LD OnLine. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.ldonline.org/ld-topics/ieps/accommodations-students-ld 

Peterson, T. J. (n.d.). Learning disabilities statistics and prevalence. HealthyPlace. Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.healthyplace.com/parenting/learning-disabilities/learning-disabilities-statistics-and-prevalence 

Successful strategies for teaching students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Association of America. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://ldaamerica.org/info/successful-strategies-for-teaching-students-with-learning-disabilities/ 

What is specific learning disorder? Psychiatry.org - What Is Specific Learning Disorder? (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2022, from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/specific-learning-disorder/what-is-specific-learning-disorder#:~:text=An%20estimated%20five%20to%2015,struggle%20with%20a%20learning%20disability.&text=An%20estimated%2080%25%20of%20those,affecting%2020%25%20of%20the%20population.&text=Dyslexia%20affects%20male%20and%20females%20equally. 

For example deficiencies in basic math skills are reduced or eliminated by reteaching the content that was not learned earlier. Patience is virtue! 🙂

(i) Is due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and Tourette syndrome; and

(ii) Adversely affects a child’s educational performance."

The disabilities included in this category are actually very different from one another, but they all share :

https://www.parentcenterhub.org/ohi/

https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-voice-speech-language

However, being autistic does not mean you have an illness or disease. It just means your brain works in a different way from other people. As stated in this video, a better question could be "should we treat children with autism with therapy or celebrate them for who they are?".

2. Maenner MJ, Shaw KA, Bakian AV, et al. Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 2021;70(No. SS-11):1–16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7011a1external

3. Rudy, L. J. (2021, February 8). Overview of assistive technology for autism. Verywell Health. Retrieved December 5, 2022, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/assistive-technology-for-autism-5076159 

2. Learning:

3. Social Skills

4. Sensory Challenges

For speaking:Audio book;Auxiliary communication system.

1. Physical growth retardation: If the physical growth retardation of children is caused by simple nutritional factors,  we can balance the diet at an early stage, reasonably arrange the children's eating habits, and avoid picky eating. Vegetables, fruits and meat can be properly eaten together to ensure the normal nutritional requirements of children's physical development.

2. Motor retardation: schools can provide some targeted training suitable for children, such as local limb lifting.

3. Language development retardation: if language development retardation is caused by language environment problems, professional teachers often imitate language with children, encourage children to speak and guide them to speak correctly, so as to improve children's language development retardation.

Lombardi, P. (n.d.). Orthopedic impairments. Understanding and Supporting Learners with Disabilities. Retrieved December 6, 2022, from https://granite.pressbooks.pub/understanding-and-supporting-learners-with-disabilities/chapter/orthopedic-impairments/ 

 

       (Hayer, 2021)

Outside the classroom
- Have trained counselors on staff and available. (Samuels, 2018)
- Consider providing universal mental health screening (Samuels, 2018)
- Creating an emotional curriculum, where "focuses on the validity of emotions, the effect that emotions have on students in the classroom, and the fact that emotions play while participating in an academic curriculum. " (Wing, 2022)

I recommend reading Wing, 2022 for a more comprehensive and descriptive list of strategies and accommodations.

Book: Teaching Students with Emotional Disturbance: A Practical Guide for Every Teacher by Bob Algozzine & James Ysseldyke (For Teachers, n.d.)