Bladder Cancer by Angela Luo https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg Biology unit assignment-Angela en-us 2019-03-04 14:54:44 UTC 2024-10-26 00:05:14 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Planets.png 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337489649 Bladder cancer is when tissues or cells that make up the urinary bladder develop a malignant tumour which can spread into other parts of the body.]]> 2019-03-04 15:03:49 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337489649 Where does bladder cancer affect? 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337500432 Epithelial tissues:
The epithelial tissues inside the bladder(the hollow organ in the lower pelvis), the renal pelvis, and ureter. 

Connective and nerve tissues:
Contains blood vessels, nerve and glands in or around the bladder.

Muscle tissues:
Located in the outer layer of the bladder. 

This can also affect other parts of the urinary tract such as the kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

If the cancer is not treated fast enough, the cancer can spread to other parts of the body. 
]]> 2019-03-04 15:23:51 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337500432 Three main types of bladder cancer: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337501168 Urothelial carcinoma: This type is 90% of all bladder cancer and begins in the urothelial cells found in the urinary tract. 

Squamous cell carcinoma: This type is 4% of bladder cancers. Squamous cells develop in the bladder lining due to irritation and inflammation. These cells can become cancerous overtime. 

Adenocarcinoma: This type is 2% of all bladder cancers and develops from glandular cells. 
]]> 2019-03-04 15:25:02 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337501168 Ways the doctors can find the cancer are: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337569633 Looking at family background or inheritance.]]> 2019-03-04 17:26:20 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337569633 Urine tests 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337578625 Urinalysis:
Collecting your urine samples for testing to see if there is blood, bacteria or abnormal cells.

Urine cytology:
Uses a microscope to look for cancer cells or pre- cancer cells in urine.]]> 2019-03-04 17:44:12 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337578625 Cystoscopy 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337580745 A thin tube with a camera and a light in the end which is used in a procedure that allows a specialist to examine the inside of your bladder by passing a cystoscopy through your urethra(tube where you urinate) with gel that helps lessen the pain and helps the cystoscopy pass through easier.]]> 2019-03-04 17:48:06 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337580745 Biopsy 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337582525 Known as a transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) to remove small pieces of the suspected tumour so it can be tested to see if it is cancerous. ]]> 2019-03-04 17:51:31 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337582525 CT scan or MRI scan 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337583631 Can be offered to do a CT scan which is a x-ray or a MRI scan which uses magnetic fields and radio waves. Both used to produce detailed images of the structures inside your body.]]> 2019-03-04 17:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337583631 Intravenous urogram 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337584313 May be used to look at your whole urinary system before or after the treatment. They inject dye into your bloodstream and x-rays are used to study it while the dye passes through your urinary system.]]> 2019-03-04 17:54:41 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337584313 Grade and stages: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337599923 Specialists/doctors grade your bladder cancer and what stage you’re in. 

Grades rage from G0 to G5 and the  higher the grade is, the more likely the cancers is to spread. 

There are three stages T,N,M. T stands for how far into the bladder the tumour has grown. N stands for if the cancer has spread into nearby lymph nodes. M stands for whether the cancer has spread into another body part(metastasis).
]]> 2019-03-04 18:23:46 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337599923 Things you will see or feel: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337602923
  • Blood in urine 
  • A need to urinate more on a daily basis 
  • Burning sensation when urinating 
  • Pelvic pain
  • Bone pain
  • Loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss 
  • Swelling of the legs and feet 
  • Lower back pain on one side 
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 18:29:55 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337602923     Family, birth, and age: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337607321
  • Cancer usually is not Inherited, but can increase the risk of getting  
  • Bladder birth defects: Before birth, an urachus is the connection between the belly button and the bladder and if this part remains after birth, it can become cancer  
  • The risk of bladder cancer increases with age
  • Having menopause before the age of 45 
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 18:39:07 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337607321     Smoking/tobacco: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337608378 Contains carcinogens that cause cancer. More than a third of all bladder cancer are caused by smoking. People that smoke can be up to 4 times more likely to develop bladder cancer than non-smokers.]]> 2019-03-04 18:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337608378 Exposure to chemicals: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337609790 Exposure to industrial chemicals is the second biggest factor for bladder cancer. 

    Chemicals that increase the risk of bladder cancer include aniline dyes, 2 naphthylamine, 4 aminobiphenyl, xenylamine, benzidine, and o-toluidine.

    Manufacturing jobs that increase the risk of bladder cancer involve dyes, textiles, rubbers, paint products, plastics, truck driving and leather tanning.]]>     2019-03-04 18:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337609790     Previous treatments: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337619270
  • Radiotherapy and chemotherapy from previous treatment
  • Exposure to radiation
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 18:59:31 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337619270     Infections and diseases: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337619682
  • Having diabetes 
  • Long-term or repeated urinary tract infections
  • Long-term bladder stones 
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 19:00:15 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337619682     Water and medicines: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337620297
  • Arsenic in drinking water, but the chances of exposure depends on where you live or where you get your water from
  • Dehydration
  • Certain medicines and dietary supplements 
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 19:01:21 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337620297     Surgery 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337704504 Low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is treated with transurethral resection of a bladder tumour(TURBT). This is where they use a cystoscope to locate the visible tumours and cut them away from the lining of the bladder through surgery and the wounds are sealed using a mild electric current. 

    After surgery, chemotherapy is used directly in your bladder for about an hour and then drained away. 

    You may be offered follow-up appointments at 3 to 9 month. If cancer returns, you are offered a treatment called fulguration that involves the use of an electric current to destroy the cancer cell. ]]>     2019-03-04 22:31:14 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337704504     Chemotherapy 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337705854 Chemotherapy is a chemical which helps prevent cancer cells from spreading.

    Intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is treated with at least 6 doses of chemotherapy and placed in your bladder using a catheter for about an hour and then drained away. 

    You may be offered follow-up appointments at 3 to 9 month. If cancer returns, you will be referred back to a specialist. ]]>     2019-03-04 22:37:15 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337705854     Radiation therapy 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337708048 Radiation therapy is used to destroy the cancer cells, but can also damage healthy cells.

    Many side effects include:
    Diarrhea
    Inflammation of the bladder
    Tightening of the genitalia
    Erectile dysfunction
    Loss of pubic hair
    Infertility
    Tiredness
    Difficulty passing urine]]>     2019-03-04 22:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337708048     Bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BGC) 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337709459 This is where a BCG vaccine is passed into your bladder through a catheter for two hours and then drained away.

    Side effects of the BCG include:
    A frequent need to urinate
    Pain when urinating
    Blood in your urine
    Flu-like symptoms
    Urinary tract infections 

    You may be offered follow-up appointments every 3 months for the first 2 year, then every 6 months for the next 2 years, then once a year.
    ]]>     2019-03-04 22:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337709459     Urinary diversion 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337715951 It can be treated with a cystectomy where your surgeon creates an alternative way for your urine to leave your body.]]> 2019-03-04 23:32:46 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337715951 Percentages of survival from bladder cancer in 2017 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337716267 For people with bladder cancer, the general 5-year survival rate is 77%.

    For people with bladder cancer, the general 10-year survival rate is 70%.

    For people with bladder cancer, the general 15-year survival rate is 65%.
    ]]>     2019-03-04 23:34:59 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337716267     Percentages of survival from bladder cancer in 2017 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337716549 The 5-year survival rate for people with bladder cancer that has not spread beyond the inner layer of the bladder wall is 95%.

    The 5-year survival rate for people with bladder cancer that has a tumour invasive, but has not spread outside the bladder is 69%.

    The 5-year survival rate for people with bladder cancer that has spread to nearby tissues, lymph nodes or organs is 35%.

    The 5-year survival rate for people with bladder cancer that has spread to other parts of the body is 5%. 4% of people with bladder cancer are diagnosed with this stage. 
    ]]>     2019-03-04 23:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337716549     Ways to reduce the risk of getting bladder cancer is: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337717368
  • Don’t smoke or quit smoking
  • Limit the exposure to certain chemicals in workplaces 
  • Drink a lot of liquids, mainly water 
  • Eat a lot of fruits and vegetables 
  • Learn more about bladder cancer to prevent it from happening
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 23:43:20 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337717368     072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337717977
  • About 9 out of 10 people with bladder cancer are older than 55
  • Average of people that are diagnosed with bladder cancer are 73 years old 
  • Bladder cancer is more common in men than women 
  • It is the fifth most common cancer and four most common in men 
  • Anyone can develop bladder cancer 
  • Bladder cancer is one of the highest recurrence rate and it very likely to come back after treatment 
    • ]]>     2019-03-04 23:48:03 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337717977     Websites I used: 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718634 nhs.uk. (2019). Bladder cancer. [online] Available at: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bladder-cancer/ [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-04 23:53:02 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718634 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718808 Cancer.Net. (2019). Bladder Cancer - Introduction. [online] Available at: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/introduction [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-04 23:54:25 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718808 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718924 www.cancer.ca. (2019). What is bladder cancer? - Canadian Cancer Society. [online] Available at: http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/bladder-cancer/?region=on [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-04 23:55:12 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337718924 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719116 Cancer.org. (2019). Can Bladder Cancer Be Found Early?. [online] Available at: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/bladder-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/detection.html [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-04 23:56:29 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719116 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719490 Healthline. (2019). Bladder Cancer Risk Factors and Tips for Prevention. [online] Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/bladder-cancer-risk-factors#risk-factors [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-04 23:59:10 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719490 072922735 https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719692 BladderCancer.net. (2019). 6 Facts To Know About Bladder Cancer | BladderCancer.net. [online] Available at: https://bladdercancer.net/living/6-facts-to-know/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2019].]]> 2019-03-05 00:00:37 UTC https://padlet.com/072922735/p8gxlww17njg/wish/337719692