●Smaller than Holsteins but have a faster growth rate and have more flesh

●This is a dual-purpose breed.

○Heifers are used to produce milk

○Bulls are fattened for beef.

●Milk yield tends to be high yield but low protein and butterfat content.

●Longer calving interval (401 days)

• Popular in Ireland

Milk Yield

4.1 Fat %

3.3 Protein %

6500 Litres

High milk solids

5500L per year

Small (400-450kg)

Low maintenance

Easy calving

Longevity

Lameness resistance

Docile

High milk fever incidents

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•%Fat- 4.11

•%Protein - 3.32

•originates from scotland

•efficient grazer, known for their vigorous and effciency of milk productions

•superior shape and quality udders

•easy calving

•moderate butterfat content,high protein

•Their horns can grow (12in) if not removed

•Have strong personalities, may be difficult for beginners to handle

Low milk solids

Tall and skinny

Comes from holland and Germany

Breeding for milk production causes low fertility

Can weigh 580kg

Calving interval 400 days

Average milk yield is 8000 litres

Easy to handle

Black and white

3.92% fat

3.18% protein

Prone to health issues

Good udders

Short lifespan

Breeding

7200 litres

3.88% Fat

3.35% protein

Bred in Norway

Easy Calving

High fertility

Red in colour

Healthy udders

Lower milk yield than Holsteinfriesian

Red in colour

Lower mortality

Nosy

Coat is red and white

Milk is good for cheese making

Casein in their milk

Can weigh 600 - 700 kg

Good fertility

Good life span

Low levels of mastitis

Dual purpose

Average interval 402 days

Easily managed

Average 7846 litres

•%Fat - 4.77

•%Protein - 3.88.

•Known as Hojos

•Ai milk grade

•New Zealand

•high fertility under block calving

•better maintained body condition

•Durable cow