https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis How Cells Multiply by Dividing en-us 2020-01-14 20:12:53 UTC 2020-01-17 14:02:08 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f9a0.png peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431556882 This phase it the longest part of the cell cycle. During this phase the cell prepares for mitosis. There are two checks in this phase to make sure that the cell is ready to divide. In this phase the genetic material is spread out in a tangled mess called chromatin. Interphase, like all sciencey things is broken up into smaller phases. In this case there are three: G1, S, and G2. ]]> 2020-01-14 20:18:52 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431556882 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431558787 In the G1 phase the cell grows and duplicates its organelles and cytosolic components. During this phase the cell also begins to duplicate the centrosomes. One of the checks in interphase is at the end of this step. In order to pass this check the cell must have passed all the points on the checklist for G1. ]]> 2020-01-14 20:22:07 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431558787 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431559523 In order to continue on to S phase the cell must:

• Have an adequate size
• Have sufficient nutrient availability
• Receive signals from other cells saying that it is ok to grow

]]> 2020-01-14 20:23:19 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431559523 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431575143 In order to continue on to Mitosis the cell must:

• Have an adequate size
• Have successfully completed chromosome replication

]]> 2020-01-14 20:53:18 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431575143 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431577484 In order to continue on to anaphase the cell must:

• Have all chromosomes lined up in the center and attached to a mitotic spindle.

]]> 2020-01-14 20:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431577484 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431806029 In S Phase stands for DNA Synthesis. During this phase the DNA duplicates its DNA. There is no checkpoint during this phase.

]]> 2020-01-15 12:57:34 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431806029 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431807758 During this phase the cell continues to grow. The replication of centrosomes is completed. Proteins and enzymes are synthesized during this phase. In order for the cell to continue on to mitosis the cell must pass checkpoint 2. If it does not pass and can't fix itself apoptosis will occur. Apoptosis is when the cell self destructs. It is used as a method to prevent cancer. ]]> 2020-01-15 13:03:30 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431807758 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431811257 This is the process of the nucleus splitting into two nuclei with two identical copies of the cell's DNA. Mitosis is split up into five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis. ]]> 2020-01-15 13:13:25 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431811257 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431814826 In prophase the chromatin fibers condense into individual chromosomes and the nucleolus disappears. In this phase the centrioles start to move to opposite sides of the cell. The cytoplasm also gets more watery and the cell gets more round. ]]> 2020-01-15 13:21:30 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431814826 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431820551 During prometaphase the nuclear membrane breaks up and spindle fibers from the centrioles start to attach to the chromosomes at the centromere]]> 2020-01-15 13:34:06 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431820551 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431822640 A chromosome may look like one solid structure, but in reality they are made up of many parts. there are two sister chromatids attached at the middle by the centromere. On the centromere a structure where mitotic spindles can attach. ]]> 2020-01-15 13:37:52 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/431822640 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432401384 In Metaphase Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell in a single file line and mitotic spindles attach to each of the sister chromatids. The cell must also pass checkpoint 3 to move on to anaphase]]> 2020-01-16 14:16:31 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432401384 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432404410 In Anaphase the spindle fibers pull each of the sister chromatids to opposite poles of the cell. After the sister chromatids are separated they are referred to as individual chromosomes. ]]> 2020-01-16 14:20:20 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432404410 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432414758 In telophase the cell forms a nuclear membrane around each of the two groups of chromosomes on each end of the cell. A nucleolus forms in each cell a cleavage furrow also starts to form in between the two nuclei. ]]> 2020-01-16 14:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432414758 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432467431 In cytokineses the cell's cytoplasm splits apart creating two identical daughter cells. After Cytokineses both cells will start interphase. ]]> 2020-01-16 15:45:49 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432467431 peterfiegel https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432508440 There is one more part of interphase to be mentioned. In certain areas of the body cells can't grow all the time. So, if the cell is not receiving signals from other cells saying that there is room to grow, the cell will enter a state called G0. This is when a cell continues to go about it's ordinary functions, but is not preforming mitosis. ]]> 2020-01-16 16:41:12 UTC https://padlet.com/peterfiegel/Cell_Cycle_Mitosis/wish/432508440