https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality Let's see what inequality looked like in the 16th century. Find real examples of the inequality between the peasants, nobility, women, culture, etc. en-us 2022-03-01 02:14:32 UTC 2022-10-04 18:43:26 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071579294 In my example, inequality is represented by the difference of social class between the serfs and the nobility. Serfdom is mainly established using coercive actions because lands have no value without serfs working on them to make profits. However, serfdom is slightly different from slavery in the sense that the tenant farmers are bound to a hereditary plot of land and to the will of their landlord, whereas slaves would typically be bought and sold without references to any plot of land. A substantial proportion of grain the serfs grew is to be given to the lord and the serfs are also restricted from working on other lands that are not their landlord’s. They severely lack personal liberties and oftentimes are treated harshly with little legal protection from their landlords. The only ways for them to become freedmen are mainly through enfranchisement or escape. ]]> 2022-03-01 14:37:27 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071579294 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071588150 In my example, the inequality is between women and patriarchal society since women had many restrictions and consequently no power. The most vivid representation of inequality could be seen when referring to the fact that females focused on domestic pursuits and especially their husbands, while males were allowed to focus on themselves, their lives, their positions and education. Furthermore, when women attempted to oppose authority, they would be discriminated against and excommunicated for their loud beliefs and aggressive behaviour, which may stand as another illustration of inequality and hierarchy. At the same time, males were permitted to voice their opinions without being evaluated. In the 17th century, the problem with inequality did not disappear as societies were still patriarchal, where women had to act as counsellors in the home, "tempering" their husbands' words and actions. 
 
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/women-16th-17th-and-18th-centuries-introduction ]]> 2022-03-01 14:41:23 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071588150 khanhlx04 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071591312 https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/history-and-civilisation/2019/10/royal-obsession-black-magic-started-europes-most-brutal-witch

Through my example of the witch hunt, a lot of inequalities in the 16th century can be derived.
Firstly, the fact that 85% of the convicted witches were women shows the inherent sexism. The underlying reason is that women were considered to be the weaker sex, thus were more easily seduced by Satan and other devils.
Secondly, the example shows the lack of right of defending themselves of the ordinary people - the working class. A person can be convicted of being a witch just by the accusation of their neighbours, which often resulted from quarrels. Even if the person denied it, he/she was tortured until he/she admitted it.
Thirdly, there was inequality between the religions. A motive behind the notorious witch hunt might be to counter the Protestant Reformation. The king and nobility wanted to eradicate the heresy out of their country and to solidify their self-claimed god chosen to rule. Religions other than Catholic were not free to be practiced. ]]> 2022-03-01 14:42:51 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071591312 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071597725 Western European guilds in the early modern period (1500–1800) were archetypal patriarchal institutions. In cities and towns where they existed, the vast majority of guilds restricted their membership to men. Corporate statutes not only prohibited women from becoming mistresses, they also prevented them from entering apprenticeship or even taking employment with masters. Widows could inherit privileges from their husbands, but always with significant limitations. ]]> 2022-03-01 14:45:26 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071597725 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071661303  Feudal lords or serf-owners own most of the productive resources such as land, mountains, grasslands, and rivers, and partially own serfs; serfs get a piece of land from the serf-owners, in exchange for they must cultivate the lord's land for free, perform all kinds of labor, and turn it over most labor products. The basic feature of serfdom was that serfs were tied to the land and had to depend on their serf owners. The serf owners took advantage of this personal dependence to carry out extra-economic forced exploitation of the serfs. The form of land rent in serfdom was mainly labor rent, supplemented by a small amount of rent in kind and money.]]> 2022-03-01 15:12:35 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071661303 illiyaank https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071972256 2022-03-01 17:42:34 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2071972256 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2072485147 The image represents the society of the medival era, where one group of people enjoys themselves in the company of other high class indiividuals, and others are going through hard and unreasonable labor, like carying one to the sauna. The image represents the society of the 1500s, and how it has been. One of the lower class are completing unnecessary work that can easily be done by the people of the high class themselves, yet people of lower class tend to follow the commands of their owners/leaders to praise them, as the lower class have no purpose in life. ]]> 2022-03-02 00:11:53 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2072485147 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2072644703 In my example, the inequality is between women and patriarchal society. since women had many restrictions and no power. The best representation of the inequality can be seen when talking about the fact that women are only allowed to focus on only their husbands, and domestic chores, while men are allowed to focus on themselves and their lives. women are not also allowed to voice out their opinions or oppose authority. when women tries to oppose authority, they will be thrown out of the community for their loud beliefs and aggressive behaviour. in the 17th century, the problem with inequality did not disappear as societies were still patriarchal, where women had to act as maids at home and obeying their husbands words and instructions.]]> 2022-03-02 02:08:47 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2072644703 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073556579 Serfs were frequently mistreated and had no legal recourse against their lords' misdeeds. Nearly 85% of the population was enslaved; the feudal 7 system's lords held all the peasants had except their capacity to work. Serfs were unable to marry, change vocations, or relocate without the approval of their lords, to whom they owed a large percentage of their harvest. Most of the time, serfs were forced to labour even though they had committed no crime; they were framed and forced to work. Their predicament was considerably worse than that of peasants. The only distinction between serfs and slaves was that serfs were slaves to the land, and when land ownership changed, so did the owners. They were linked to a hereditary plot of land and his landlord's whim. And that serfs had time limits, but that this only happened when the masters felt like, it would be very simple to get them back in and extend their time.]]> 2022-03-02 13:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073556579 xw6w6rw2fj https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073570614 Women were legally reliant on their husbands in Medieval Europe. Women were forbidden from signing contracts, testifying in court, or borrowing money in their names under civil law. All of this had to be done with the legal authorization of their spouses. In summary, married women were extremely reliant on their husbands. Surprisingly, these prohibitions were in place in many European nations until recently. Though women were inferior to men, women in different classes had different roles. Low-class women were expected to be housewives and take care of everything to do with the house. The expectation of working-class women was a little bit different. These women were expected to work for their husbands and help them run their businesses. They would work alongside their husbands and then go home and take care of the household. Upper-class women may have had servants and workers working for them but the women were still expected to take care of the household. Women could not work by themselves. Neither could they live alone if they were not married. If a woman was single, she was made to move in with one of her male relatives or join a convent and become a nun. There was no other option at this time for women]]> 2022-03-02 13:43:35 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073570614 hmfp5mvzx6 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073585092 Women were usually witches or associated with witchcraft because they were understood to be more knowledgeable about herbs and the body.  The Christian clergy saw witches and sorcerers as competitors for their authority to assure blessings, healing and good fortune.  This is one factor that contributed to the attack on witches in the 16th and 17th centuries. Most accused of witchcraft were women, especially older women, and/or women who were widows or otherwise independent from male control.  Some may have indeed engaged in witchcraft.  But is also true that this class of women was both vulnerable and suspect because they are on the social fringes of the community.  Some have even argued that such women were a burden on poor and struggling communities.  And even when men faced allegations of witchcraft, it was typically because they were somehow associated with accused women. When women stepped outside their prescribed roles, they became targets. Too much wealth might reflect sinful gains. Too little money demonstrated bad character. Too many children could indicate a deal with a devil. Having too few children was suspicious, too.]]> 2022-03-02 13:50:21 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2073585092 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2074023729 In the 1500s, a person could not just climb up the hierarchy pyramid. A laborer could not seek to become a noble, it was more a dream than a possibility. If one desires wealth, he must have to be born into it, so as to inherit it. Moreover, there was a significant discrimination in the social class in the 16^th century, upon which, the system of serfdom was established. As the image portrays, people of lower class were tasked with doing the ‘heavy lifting’ for the higher-class citizens. Serfdom was sometimes enforced on a person as a punishment for a crime whereas, other times it was a consensual agreement which provided the laborer with protection, shelter, food and the possession of a certain portion of the land. Although there were some merits the laborers had, the higher profit always went to the people above them. The laborers bore the hardship while the nobles ripped the benefits of the work. Therefore, in some ways, serfdom can be viewed as a close relative to slavery. The laborer may agree to work for a certain amount of years and the noble he is assigned to may decide to ensure than he stays longer than intended. It was a difficult predicament to escape once involved.]]> 2022-03-02 17:14:37 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2074023729 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2074356401 Women in the 16th century had no rights. Their role in society stayed the same from the time the baby came out of the womb a female to the time she gets buried. Women were meant to meet certain expectations such as being obedient to their husbands, they are expected to be fertile and produce many offsprings. They were meant to take care of the household and every member within it. However, the right to vote was never a choice and was denied from women. Women were also denied the right to education and they could not further their education by going to university. Lastly, they had next to no control over any property. These 'rules' and 'regulations' were put to 'help' society and families members of a community know where they stand. Men on the other hand, were expected to be the breadwinner of a family. The man to provide, housing, food, clothings and all necessities. Women were looked down upon and they were belittled. Whether it was fear or extreme idealism that drove men to mistreat women in the 1500, women will never understand why they were put through unjust discrimination. 

https://prezi.com/9cbihxayk7j2/gender-roles-during-the-1500s-in-england/]]> 2022-03-02 20:16:22 UTC https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2074356401 https://padlet.com/acyrbronte/1500inequality/wish/2074997284 In the past, the inequality towards women was a large and unprecedented problem, they were required to take care of the respective households they were in, they were normally tasked with domestic activities such as cleaning, cooking, taking care of children etc. Women were also excluded from the right to proper education, and if a woman was seen as educated and intelligent she was seen as a witch and prosecuted in a witch hunt eventually burnt at the staked, especially the case if the woman was unmarried. This is because during that time it was believed that women can not survive or achieve anything without the direct supervision of a man, it was so bad that if a woman was unmarried she only had the option of going under her family or becoming a nun or she won’t be able to survive.

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