Aujesky's/Pseudorabies (Swine) by

Etiology

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:12:30 UTC

Alphavirus in a subfamily of Herpesvirus
Neurotropism
Group I dsDNA
Genus: Varicellovirus
Species: Suid Herpes virus -1
Enveloped Virus
Swine is the only reservoir host
- But the virus can infect other animals
- Infection of horses are rare
Often persists in a latent state in recovered animals
Moderately resistant outside the host, survival depending largely on environmental factors
- Cold weather: Virus does not survive outside swine more than 2 weeks
- Exceptionally survive longer in infected fetuses, dried tissue & buildings

Epidemiology

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:17:53 UTC

Transmission

Direct
- Nose to nose contact / fecal oral route (Licking/biting)
Indirect
- Aerosolized virus (Capable to spread over 20 yards, 2 km in certain weather conditions)
Fomites & vectors
- Dead end hosts (dogs/cats/wildlife/contaminated water & feed, including pellets/ food troughs/ boots that are not disinfected/straw bedding)
- Dead rats ingested can also be a source of infection (especially to dogs and cats)
Shown to survive
- 7 hours in humid air
- 7 days in unchlorinated water
- Up to 3 days in contaminated feed
- Up to 2 days in grass / soil / faeces
- Up to 4 days in straw bedding

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:22:06 UTC

Pathogenesis

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:27:33 UTC

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:27:40 UTC

Clinical Sign

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:30:52 UTC

Pregnant Sow

Abortion
Late pregnancy: Deliver a mixture of mummified, macerated, stillborn, weak & normal swine

Piglet

High mortality
- Born with non – immune dam

Younger Swine (48 hours)

Sneezing
Coughing
Moderate fever (40 - 42˚C
Constipation during fever
Vomiting

Post Mortem Lesion

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:36:12 UTC

The only lesions that can be seen by naked eye are those in the lungs and respiratory tubes and areas of necrosis on the tonsils and abdominal organs
- Tonsillitis
- Tracheitis
- Rhinitis
- Esophagitis
- Discrete small white or yellow foci necrosis may be present in liver and spleen
Pseudorabies damage the pig’s nerve system but this lesion can only be see through a microscope, not with naked eye.
- There is a diffuse non-supportive meningoencephalitis and ganglioneuritis
- Marked perivascular cuffing
- Focal gliosis associated with extensive necrosis of neuronal and glial cells

Diagnosis

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:40:24 UTC

Immunofluorescent antibody (IFA)
- Source: Tonsil or brain
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Serology (Used for confirmation)
- Source: Brain, spleen & lung
Enzyme – linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
- approved as a standard test and association with vaccination and eradication programs

Control

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:42:50 UTC

Vaccination

Recommended: Modified live vaccine
- Can alleviate clinical sign
Intranasal Vaccination + IM Vaccination
1. To reduce viral shedding & improve survival

Management

Separation for 30 days
- Blood testing until it is confirm negative
Biosecurity measures
- Limitation entry
Disinfect area, attire & equipment
- Pseudorabies can be inactivated using approved disinfectant

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:47:00 UTC

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:47:14 UTC

Rhinitis in snout of pig with Pseudorabies

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:47:21 UTC

Lesions on post-mortemed lung

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 09:47:27 UTC

There is a focus of neuronal necrosis (N),cuffing (arrow) within the periventricular grey matter

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 10:22:34 UTC

Growing Swine (2 - 4th Day)

Listless
Depressed
Remain recumbent

5th Day

Incoordination and Pronounced Muscle Spasm
Circling
Excess Salivation

6th Day

Moribund
Die within 12 hours

Mature Swine

Low mortality <2%
Weight loss
Poor growth rates after recovery

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 10:29:56 UTC

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 10:31:40 UTC

khazrina95 — 2016-12-18 10:34:45 UTC

Ingelvac Aujeszky MLV
- A modified live Pseudorabies vaccine, containing Bartha K-61 strain.