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      <title>Book learning in Bordentown by Gabie</title>
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      <description>African American Education Amplified</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2017-04-04 12:15:23 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Tuskegee Teaches Trade</title>
         <author>draganova</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/draganova/p608rwp45oug/wish/164608998</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>            By the 1930’s, education for African Americans was considered ordinary, but the race was still at a lack of jobs. The Bordentown School for Negroes, also known as the “Tuskegee of the North” aimed to change that. While they were a well-developed school, the institution was constantly expanding their education. For the past fifteen years, the school was able to broaden their offered education from being into a mere two building hall into a massive education center. The Tuskegee Center was now teaching 400 African American students. Not only that, but they expanded the material taught as well, to further prepare African Americans and their capability and qualifications for working. </div><div>            The institute was no longer teaching a basic high school education, trade was now included. This concept of learning was so essential to the school; no student was allowed to receive a diploma until they had become proficient in trade. The school also adjusted it’s teaching of trade between boys and girls who chose to attend. While both boys and girls were taught the basic courses, such as math and history, each gender was taught accustomed courses fit for them and their potential futures. The young African American men were taught how to plant crops, work and fix machinery, this of that nature. Meanwhile, the girls took lessons in laundry, dress making, cooking, things that suit a woman. </div><div>          Going beyond that of just learning what needs to be taught, the school offered courses on passions. The educational center was known for many things, one of them being their prosperous school band. Including an auditorium with separate sound proof rooms for practice, the institute allowed for the practice of all instruments. Professor Valentine, the principals of the school and a former Harvard graduate, believed that every student should master an instrument. This showed the true care for students that the Tuskegee of the North had in its teaching. However, the students time in the school was not spent on pure learning. The kids were required to work at different positions in the school. They were all responsible for keeping the majority of the school running.</div><div>         The reason behind why the school was ran so thoughtfully and so distinguished was because Professor Valentine argued that the life for an African American in the North was in fact, much harder than those who lived in the South. Despite all of the racism promoted in Southern states, African Americans were not expected to accommodate to the lifestyle of the whites. Professor Valentine disagreed with the statement that African Americans needed more help in the South for that reason. In the North, African Americans were expected to adjust to the level of whites and work just as much and as hard. There was more expected from African Americans in the North, so much so that Professor Valentine firmly believed that “problems in life do not differ from a white man to a negro in the North.” The Tuskegee institute was built to serve this purpose and prepare the African American race for the white-man working field. </div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-04-04 13:27:04 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>The Need for Trade</title>
         <author>peelerc</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/draganova/p608rwp45oug/wish/165224898</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>               The idea that African Americans needed to learn trade-based skills was championed most notably by Booker T. Washington, leader of the Tuskegee Institute. Washington believed that a liberal arts or "book" education would not suffice in bringing about economic prosperity to the African American community. Instead, Washington purported that learning industrial skills such as carpentry, blacksmithing, and engineering would allow African Americans to find respectable and more lucrative work in their hometowns. In this way, the industrially educated generation would serve as the foundation for the advancement of African Americans into academia, business, politics, and other high-level careers in later generations. This sentiment was summarized in Washington's speech below: "I would set no limits to the attainments of the Negro in arts, in letters or statesmanship, but I believe the surest way to reach those ends is by laying the foundation in the little things of life that lie immediately about one’s door. I plead for industrial education and development for the Negro not because I want to cramp him, but because I want to free him. I want to see him enter the all-powerful business and commercial world." This plan for the advancement of African Americans through industrial education was clearly at work through the Bordentown School for Negroes. By expanding their technical skill training, students would be able to utilize their trades in their hometowns and begin serving as the successful foundation for future generations. </div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/industrial-education-for-the-negro/" />
         <pubDate>2017-04-06 17:57:19 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>I.O.U.s and Unemployment</title>
         <author>campbella5</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/draganova/p608rwp45oug/wish/165581091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>Just as places like The Bordentown School for Negroes became part of the norm, The Great Depression almost guaranteed that African Americans wouldn't be able to find jobs. Most businesses could only afford to pay a few workers at a time and those run by racially biased employers were not looking to hire African Americans. Before the stock market crashed Bordentown and other trade schools produced a skilled working class of African Americans. By the end of 1929, those who had been employed were fired at alarming rates because employers could not afford to pay them. Almost half the population of African Americans were working in agriculture at the lowest paid positions working the land. The Great Depression lowered the value of agricultural products since no one could afford them, so landowners fired their workers and evicted sharecroppers to save money. Trade schools experienced a decline in student enrollment because there were few jobs after trade school and one could not afford to attend if every family member was unemployed. It is not surprising that African Americans suffered the most during The Great Depression. They applied for jobs wherever positions were available, no matter how labor intensive. The economic crisis hindered the progress of trade schools that placed skilled African Americans in the work force.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2017-04-09 22:57:02 UTC</pubDate>
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