Amendments by Brandon Rossman https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984 Due October 10th en-us 2017-10-02 15:13:58 UTC 2025-09-27 18:20:43 UTC hello@padlet.com 1st Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193046681 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

 Cases: Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District, 1969
Three public school students wore black armbands to school to protest the Vietnam War. Their names were John Tinker and Christopher Eckhardt, the school district created a policy forbidding armbands.  The three students wore the armbands anyway, and they were suspended from school.  They sued the district for violating their 1st Amendment rights.

America is definitely effected by this amendment because you see people expressing their feelings to the public and protest their view points on certain problems in the nation. I think this is good because if their is a problem with the government that we think is violating our rights then we can express it.

]]> 2017-10-02 15:15:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193046681 2nd Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047500 A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.

Heller v. District of Columbia
Case: On June 26, 2008, the Supreme Court affirmed in the Heller v. District of Columbia case The Supreme Court took down provisions of the Firearms Control Regulations Act of 1975 as unconstitutional. They determined that handguns are "arms" for the purposes of the Second Amendment, and struck down the portion of the Regulations Act that requires all firearms including rifles and shotguns be kept "unloaded and disassembled or bound by a lock". 

I think this is a very important amendment to america now more than ever because people are crazy nowadays and you need to be able to protect you, your family and your belongings.]]> 2017-10-02 15:16:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047500 3rd Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047712 No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Case: It began by a 1979 strike by New York Correction Officers while the officers were on strike, some of their duties were performed by the National Guardsmen who were active, striking employees were kicked from employee housing which was then used to house some of the National Guard. Two of the evicted officers were  Marianne E. Engblom and Charles E. Palmer, who filed suit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against the state of New York and its governor, Hugh L. Carey and said it was a violation of the Third Amendment. 

This amendment doesn't really apply to us because we don't really have soldiers in are homes without our consent, but back when this was written it was a big problem to the colonists with the British soldiers.]]> 2017-10-02 15:17:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047712 4th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047904 The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Case: Police officers in Missouri went to the house of Mr. Fremont Weeks and used hidden key to search his home.  While they were there they took papers, letters, and books, and they did not have a search warrant.  These things were used in court to find Mr. Weeks guilty of sending lottery tickets through the mail.

This helps everyone today because if a cop trys to search our property or person then we can mention the 4th amendment and they will have to get a warrant which gives them permission for them to search your property and person if they have suspections about you.]]> 2017-10-02 15:17:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193047904 5th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048082 No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

Case: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda was arrested at his home and taken to the police station where he was identified by the witness. He was then interrogated by two police officers for two hours, which resulted in a signed, written confession. At trial, the oral and written confessions were presented to the jury. Miranda was found guilty of kidnapping and rape and was sentenced to 20-30 years in prison. On appeal, the Supreme Court of Arizona said that his rights were not violated.

This helps us today because it's our rights and we must know them if we know we haven't been arrested on any real evidence and should be warned by the police what will happen while we're in custody. ]]> 2017-10-02 15:17:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048082 6th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048253 In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Case: Batson v. Kentucky, At the trial of James, Batson for burglary of stolen goods, the prosecutor used his peremptory challenges to remove all four African Americans from the jury pool. James challenged the removal of these jurors as a violation of his Sixth Amendment, right to an impartial jury.

This effects us today because it gives everyone accused of a crime will have a equal and fair trail in the court.]]> 2017-10-02 15:18:02 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048253 7th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048473 In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Case: Tull v. United States
The government  accused Edward Tull a real estate developer of discharging fill into wetlands which violated the Clean Water Act. Before the trial was set to start, Tull demanded a jury trial. His request was denied by the court, and a bench trial took place. Tull was found guilty of the charges. He took the case to the Supreme Court and it was determined that he did have the right to a trial jury.

This effects us today because it has people you know decide on the verdict of that case.
]]> 2017-10-02 15:18:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048473 8th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048703 Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Case: Gregg v. Georgia 1976
Tony Gregg was sentenced to death after found guilty for armed robbery and murder. He thought that the sentence was unconstitutional. However, the Supreme Court argued against his claim. He already underwent two separate trials, which carefully considered aggravating factors.

This effects us today because it keep from the officials from keeping citizens in jail for to long and having the case totally be forgotten while their still waiting trial.]]> 2017-10-02 15:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048703 9th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048979 The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Case: U.S. Public Workers v. Mitchell
Several unions began representing employees working for the federal government. The leadership was militant in its advocacy of the rights of its members and most of the national and local union leadership  ideals associated with left wing intellectuals, activists, and political people. This led many politicians and others to believe the organization was Communist-controlled. He said the Hatch Act violated the Ninth amendment to the Constitution. Justice Reed also asserted that the Hatch Act implicated rights guaranteed by the First Amendment, and by implication protects of the Fifth Amendment.

This effects us today because if it wasn't for the 9th amendment then things like women being able to vote or slaves would still be a thing.]]> 2017-10-02 15:19:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193048979 10th Amendment Brandon413 https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193049142 The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Case: Wickard vs. Filburn, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Congress could regulate wheat production on a local owned family farm, for personal consumption or animal fodder. The Court's reasoning was that Congress mandated production on wheat farms to regulate the price and keep it steady.

This helps us today because prices would be out of control if congress didn't regulate prices of products from farms.]]> 2017-10-02 15:19:27 UTC https://padlet.com/Brandon413/p5qc9nwhv984/wish/193049142