Chapter 2 (Mind Map) by LI HONGSHEN / UPM

Cloud Characteristics And Models

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Essential Characteristics

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Deployment Models

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Service models

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Cloud Platforms Reference Architecture

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Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA)

On-demand self-service

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On-demand self-service in cloud computing enables organizations to independently provision and manage computing resources through a web self-service portal, without requiring manual intervention from the service provider. This flexibility allows for easy scaling of resources, including storage, virtual machines, and databases, based on the organization's specific needs.

Broad network access

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Broad network access in cloud computing means resources are accessible over the internet or local networks via various platforms, including mobile devices, laptops, and workstations. Network quality, including bandwidth and latency, is critical for ensuring good service, especially for time-sensitive applications.

Multi-tenancy and resource pooling

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Rapid elasticity

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Rapid elasticity in cloud computing allows organizations to quickly allocate and deallocate computing resources like storage and virtual machines as needed, reducing the need for upfront capital expenditures. This is in contrast to the more gradual and planned scalability, where organizations, such as manufacturers, slowly increase capacity over time.

Measured service

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Measured service in cloud computing involves metering and paying for resources based on actual usage. It provides transparency through monitoring, control, and reporting, allowing organizations to optimize resource utilization with a pay-per-use model, where costs are variable and tied to consumption.

CCRA

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CCRA is a generic high-level conceptual model that is a powerful tool for discussing the requirements, structures, and operations of cloud computing.

IaaS(infrastructure as a service)

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IaaS delivers computer infrastructure, typically a platform virtualization environment, as a service.

PaaS（Platform as a service）

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PaaS delivers a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service, often consuming cloud infrastructure and sustaining cloud applications.

Multi-tenancy

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Multi-tenancy in cloud computing enables multiple customers to share the same infrastructure while maintaining data privacy, similar to people sharing an apartment building.

Resource pooling

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Resource pooling ensures that providers efficiently allocate resources from a large, flexible pool to meet diverse client needs without compromising the performance of critical applications."

SaaS (software as a service)

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Deliver software as a service over the internet, eliminating the need to install and run the application

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•SaaS delivers software as a service over the Internet.

•PaaS delivers computing platform as a service.

•IaaS delivers computer infrastructure as a service.

Cloud

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Applications are fully deployed in the cloud, taking advantage of cloud computing benefits. They can use low-level infrastructure or higher-level services for ease of management.

Hybrid

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This model connects cloud-based resources with existing non-cloud resources, often involving a link between the cloud and on-premises infrastructure to extend an organization's capabilities.

On-Premises

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Resources are deployed locally, often referred to as a private cloud when using virtualization and resource management tools. While it lacks some cloud benefits, it provides dedicated resources and can incorporate virtualization and application management technologies.

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The NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA) provides a flexible framework of actors, activities, functions, and views to facilitate the understanding and discussion of cloud computing characteristics and standards, without prescribing specific solutions or vendor products.

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The NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CCRA) is not specific to any particular cloud system but serves as a tool for describing and developing system-specific architectures within a common framework. Its design aims to illustrate cloud services, provide technical references, and facilitate discussions about security, interoperability, and portability standards.

Five major actors in cloud computing

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Cloud Consumer

Cloud Provider

Cloud Auditor

Cloud Broker

Cloud Carrier

Public, Private, Hybrid And Community Models

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1-Cloud Consumer

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The cloud consumer is the ultimate stakeholder that the cloud computing service is created to support.

Consumer Activities （SaaS）

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Uses application/service for business process operations.

Consumer Activities（PaaS）

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Develops, tests, deploys, and manages applications hosted in a cloud environment.

Consumer Activities（IaaS）

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Creates/installs, manages, and monitors services for IT infrastructure operations.

2-Cloud Provider

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A cloud provider can be a person, an organization, or an entity responsible for making a service available to cloud consumers.

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Service deployment

Service orchestration

Cloud service management

Security

Privacy

3-Cloud Auditor

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A cloud auditor is a party that can conduct independent assessment of cloud services, information system operations, performance, and security of a cloud implementation.

4-Cloud Broker

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A cloud service brokerage (CSB) – an entity that manages the use, performance, and delivery of cloud services and negotiates relationships between cloud providers and cloud consumers.

Provide services in three categories

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Service Intermediation

Service Aggregation

Service Arbitrage

5-Cloud Carrier

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A cloud carrier acts as an intermediary that provides connectivity and transport of cloud services between cloud consumers and cloud providers.

Cloud Reference Architecture

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Public Cloud

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Public cloud is a model where off-site providers offer internet-accessible resources on a pay-as-you-go basis. It's cost-effective, scalable, and reduces the need for internal infrastructure. This simplifies IT for users.

Well Architected Framework

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The Well-Architected Framework offers guidance for designing and managing secure, efficient, resilient, high-performance, and cost-effective cloud solutions.

For example

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AWS Well Architected Framework (AWS WAF)

Google Cloud Architecture Framework

Alibaba Cloud’s Well-Architectured Framework

Private cloud

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Private cloud is a cloud computing setup within a company's private network. It addresses security and governance concerns, is not shared with others, and is accessible only to internal users. It can be managed internally or by a third party, providing efficient resource governance and cost savings.

The AWS Well-Architected Framework is organized into six pillars:

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operational excellence

security

reliability

performance efficiency

cost optimization

sustainability

Hybrid cloud

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Hybrid cloud merges various cloud types using technology for flexibility. It's prevalent in enterprises, aiding the shift to public cloud while ensuring compliance and data security. It combines internal and external services, saving on infrastructure costs and protecting sensitive data.

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Public Cloud

Service provider lets clients access the cloud via the Internet
Made available to the general public or a wide industry group

Private Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is used solely by the organization that owns it
May reside in-house or off premises

Hybrid Cloud

Composed of two or more clouds that remain unique entities but that can interoperate using standard or proprietary protocols

SaaS vs. PaaS vs. IaaS Layers Tradeoffs

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IaaS has the highest cost and the highest flexibility.

SaaS has the lowest cost and the lowest flexibility.

Community cloud

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Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure designed for a specific group of organizations with shared concerns like security and compliance. It can be owned and operated by one or more of these organizations, a third party, or a combination, and it can be located on or off-premises. Examples include community clouds for government, education, and healthcare sectors.

Similarities between AWS and traditional IT

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1. WS security, networking, and access controls align with traditional IT concepts like firewalls and ACLs.

2. AWS services, such as Elastic Load Balancing and VPC, resemble traditional network infrastructure components.

3. AWS provides virtual servers (EC2) and machine images (AMIs) similar to on-premises servers.

4. AWS storage options mirror traditional storage solutions.

5. AWS is a versatile alternative to traditional data centers.

Virtual Private Cloud (VPC)

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Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) offers cost-effective, secure computing with seamless connections between cloud and enterprise resources, isolation, and flexible resource allocation.