Ingraham v. Wright (1977) by Melanie Marquez-Luna https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98 "The case centred on James Ingraham, an eighth-grade student at a public junior high school in Florida, who in 1970 was paddled by the principal, Willie J. Wright, while being restrained by the assistant principal, and the principal’s assistant. Ingraham was hit more than 20 times and required medical attention." en-us 2020-11-21 00:27:24 UTC 2025-04-26 15:32:41 UTC hello@padlet.com Robert's Court mluna7451 https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947454184 Chief Justice: 
--> Warren E. Burger

Associate Justice:
--> William J. Brennan Jr. 
--> Potter Stewart Byron White 
--> Thurgood Marshall
--> Blackmun
--> Lewis F. Powell Jr.
--> William Rehnquist 
--> John P. Stevens 

Petitioner's Oral Argument:
The petitioners declared that a deprivation of constitutional rights and damages to the students from the corporal punishment and also filed a class action for relief on the behalf on all of the students in the country and the students that attend the school.

Respondent's Oral Argument:
--> The evidence showed that the paddling of petitioners was exceptionally harsh. The District Court granted respondents' motion to dismiss the complaint, finding no basis for constitutional relief. ]]> 2020-11-21 00:28:49 UTC https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947454184 Lower Court Origin mluna7451 https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947454893 It originated from the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.

Lower Court Decision:
The Lower Court Decision was that the Fifth Circuit deemed that the punishment of Ingraham and Andrews was so extreme to the point where it violated not only the 8th amendment but also the 14th amendment along with the school's corporal punishment policy failed to satisfy the due process.

Significance of this Supreme Court Case:
The Supreme Court Case Ingraham v. Wright is a landmark case because it held that corporal punishment in public school could not violate the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment ruled on April 19, 1977, ruled (5–4). This court case impacts us today because now it is against the law for a teacher to hit a child.

Judicial Activism or Restraint?
--> Judicial Review because it is exercising the power of judicial review to set aside government acts and taken to court.

]]> 2020-11-21 00:29:26 UTC https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947454893 Background Information mluna7451 https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947464467 An incident occurred on October 6, 1970, at Charles R. Drew Junior High School where Principal Willie J. Wright took James Ingraham and multiple other defiant students to his office so that he could paddle them. But Ingraham refused to get in the paddling position, so Wright got Assistant Principal Solomon Barnes and Assistant Principal Lemmie Deliford to force and hold Ingraham in the position while Wright stuck him with the paddle 20 times. As a result, Ingraham's mother had to take him to the hospital as he suffered a hematoma because of it. Ingraham and Andrews, a previous student who had a similar incident, filed a complaint against Wright, Deliford, Barnes, and Edward L. Whigham, the superintendent of the Dade County School System for the stripping of their constitutional rights and damages from the corporal punishment. These complaints jump-started the uproar of this supreme court. 

]]> 2020-11-21 00:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947464467 Questions the Supreme Court was attempting to answer/and their answers mluna7451 https://padlet.com/mluna7451/p4f1w1o2lhmv0w98/wish/947479249 Does the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment forbid corporal punishment inflicted by teachers and administrators upon Ingraham and Andrews at Charles R. Drew Junior High School? Does Dade County School System’s corporal punishment policy violate due process?
--> The  cruel and unusual punishments clause of the eighth amendment doesn't apply to the disciplinary corporal punishment in public schools and the Eighth Amendment also doesn't prevent corporal punishment in public schools. common law suggested that teachers could legally impose reasonable, non-excessive force on their students.

Opinion of the Court:
In a 5-4 decision written by Justice Lewis Powell, the court held that the Eighth Amendment does not prevent corporal punishment in public schools.

Dissenting & Concurring Opinions:
Dissent; Justice Byron White wrote the opinion for the dissent which included three other justices. They disagreed that the Eighth Amendment does not apply to corporal punishment by a state-run school. White wrote that limiting the Eighth Amendment's reach to include school punishment sets a dangerous precedent. 

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