The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks - Keyword glossary. by Mrs Smith

STEM CELLS

2014-05-09 09:31:13 UTC

HeLa cells

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Viruses

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Ethics

2014-05-09 09:36:22 UTC

Moral principles which govern behaviour

e.g. animal rights

Enzymes

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Biological catalyst which speeds up reactions lowering activation energy

Protein Activation

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Poliovirus

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Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and member of the family of Picornaviridae. Poliovirus is composed of an RNA genome and a protein capsid

Cell Cultures

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Genes

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Parkinsons Disease

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Chromosomes

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Animal Welfare

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Influenza

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"A virus"

Culture Medium

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Vaccine

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Neutralization Tests

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Mixing blood serum from newly vaccinated children with live poliovirus and cells in culture. If the vaccination worked the cells would be protected from the poliovirus, if it didn't work the cells would be infected by the virus.

Vaccine testing

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Lactose

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Contaminated

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Make something impure

Immunity

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Organisms ability to resist a particular infection

by the action of specific antibodies

Genome

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Hybrid

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Any of mixed origin or composition, or the combination of two or more different things.

An offspring resulting from the cross between parents of different species or sub-species.

(molecular biology) A complex formed by joining two complementary strands of nucleic acids.

Virulent Strain

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Disease which is extremely severe or harmful in its effects

Somatic Cell Fusion

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When cells clump together and fuse, their genetic information combines

Epidemic

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Cancer

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A disease caused by incontrollable growth and mutation in the cell cycle

Cytokenisis

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The final stage of mitosis, following Telophase in which mother cell splits to form two separate daughter cell

Prosomiscous

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Characterized by or involving indiscriminate mingling or association, especially having sexual relations with a number of partners on a casual basis.

NFIP

2014-05-09 09:47:00 UTC

The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) - a charity created by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who'd himself been paralyzed by polio - began organizing the largest field trial ever conducted to test the polio vaccine.

Drugs Testing

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Monoclonal Antibodies

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A substance, usually a protein, which can be synthsised in the laboratory in pure form by a single clone (population) of cells.

These antibodies can be made in large quantities and have a specific affinity for certain target molecules called antigens which can be found on the surface of cells and those that are malignant.

Examples of Enzymes

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lipase

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Immortalized cells

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Cells will continue to produce clones

Monkeys

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There was no concern for animal welfare. The main concern was for money as the cost millions of dollars. (para 20-21)

amalayse

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NAD

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Mutation

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A change in the base sequence of DNA or change in the number of nucleotides in DNA.

Vaccine

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An attenuated or dead form the virus or an antigen bearing fragment

Mitosis

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Cell division maintaining the diploid number of chromosomes

Gene Mapping

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The creation of a genetic map assigning DNA fragments to chromosomes.

In Vitro Fertilization

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a process by which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body

Hayflick limit (PARA 58,60)

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The number of times a normal human cell can divide

Dominant alleles

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Daughter cell

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Cell formed by the division or budding of the parent cell

ChemoTherapy

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the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized regimen.

Mutation

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Any event that changes genetic structure.

cell sex

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malignant

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Tumor

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Abnormal mass of tissue as a result of abnormal growth or division of cells.

Meiosis (causes for genetic variation)

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- The shuffling of existing genetic material into new combinations during meiosis is important in creating genetic variation.

-Independent assortment : Random assortment of chromosome pairs as they line up during meiosis

-Crossing over: during the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes come together as pairs and all 4 chromatids come into contact. At these contact points the chromatids break and rejoin, exchanging sections of DNA

Vaccine

2014-05-09 14:01:56 UTC

A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters

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matt smells

Cervix

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one of the parts of the female reproductive system that lies between the uterus and vagina.

Henrietta Lacks Documentary

2014-05-10 13:48:06 UTC

Watch it! - its very useful