psykologi. Opgave 2 by Malene Pedersen https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma en-us 2017-08-02 07:04:57 UTC 2026-03-14 09:04:03 UTC hello@padlet.com John Watson malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179931779 1878-1958
Amerikansk psykolog
Grundlægger af behaviorismen.
Arbejder med klassisk betingning. Stimuli→ respons ved påvirkning (stimuli) frembringes nogen bestemte reaktioner(respons)

Han var inspireret af Ivan Pavlovs forsøg med hundes spytrefleks så han satte gang i sit eget forsøg med en lille dreng, Albert på 11 måneder og en hvid rotte. Han fremprovokerede en frygt/angst for hvide rotter og senere andre hvide dyr ved at lave en høj ubehagelig lyd når den hvide rotte var der. 
Han mener at mennesket er formbart. Man er født neutral og kan formes med stimuli. ]]> 2017-08-02 07:07:06 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179931779 Burrhus Skinner malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179932175 1904-1990
Amerikansk psykolog arbejder med operant betingning indenfor adfærdspsykologi/behaviorismen.

Han har fokus på de konsekvenser der er i de handlinger vi foretager os, altså straf og belønning(forstærkning)
Han er inspireret af Edward Thorndike-

WATSON: har fokus på selve handlingen → dvs. forholdet mellem en stimulus og en respons.
SKINNER: har fokus på handlingens effekt ift. Omgivelserne → dvs. de konsekvenser, som givne handlinger har, og om disse handlinger fremmes el. hæmmes som følge af konsekvenserne. ]]> 2017-08-02 07:15:26 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179932175 malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179933687 1. Read "Case about Lars". 
2. Analyze the case about Lars based on your theoretical concepts:
  • Based on your theoretical concepts, what can you say about what is at stake in the case?
  • Select individual issues in the case and go particularly in depth. 
o What do you see through your theoretical glasses? 
o Imagine if that you, as educational assistants, must work closely with Lars in kindergarten, school/SFO or club. Based on what you see in the case and in your theoretical concepts: How do you want to relate to Lars? Relationships with actively to the educational assistants in the case: Would you act accordingly? Or different? Justify your choice.
  • Describe the advantages and disadvantages of your theoretical concepts in relation to the case.
3. Prepare a presentation for the class. The presentation may contain a creative element.
]]> 2017-08-02 07:49:01 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179933687 casen malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179933851 2017-08-02 07:52:44 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179933851 Operant betingning. malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179934141 It is a theory where human behavior can be controlled by means of punishment and reward. When rewarding, you engage and increase the likelihood that the desired behavior will be repeated or maintained. 

Punishment  
reduces the likelihood that the unwanted behavior will be repeated.]]> 2017-08-02 07:59:57 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179934141 Operant betingning randi_dyerby https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179936624 2017-08-02 09:04:10 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179936624 Det udpluk fra casen vi arbejder ud fra. malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179939930 I am sitting in the teacher's room doing some practical work. The window next to me is cracked and I can hear the children leaving the schoolyard to go to class. I work for a few minutes before I hear voices from the school yard again. I look out the window and see Aske and Lars from 2.bi running down the stairs from the school club. They run across the asphalt in the direction of the nest swing and stop in front of it. 

Lars: "So we're going in Aske, it rang - do you remember the last time?".
Ash grabs one rope of the swing and puts his knee on the swing. "Oh, just a little trip", he says, as he bends forward, grabs the bottom of the net, and pulls himself up. 
Lars steps over to the swing and grabs the rope: "And you take all the blame?".
"Yes, I will," says Aske, as he gets up and turns to the right. He makes eye contact
with me through the window, smiles and shouts: "Hey Anna, you're going to see something funny, which you have to here". 
I stand up and open the window fully. Lars has now also climbed onto the swing and is leaning against the rope while looking at me. 
Aske: "You can jump off here".
Anna: "May I?". I smile at them. 
"Yes", says Aske, almost at the same time as Lars also says: "Yes". They smile so I can see their teeth. 
I smile back: "The bell has rung - what does that mean?"
Lars quickly replies: "We have to go to class", and continues: "But the swings are finally free, and there has been a queue for HUNDRED years".
I know he's right. The swings are very popular, and with just over 400 children in the schoolyard there is usually a queue. 
Anna: "If you slip into class now, can we agree that I reserve the swings for you for the first 10 minutes in the after-school?". 
Ash: "No minutes?!". He makes a face at me. 
I smile: "Okay, a quarter of an hour. For the first quarter of an hour, the swings are yours”. 
The boys look at each other. 
Lars: "Okay", he jumps down from the swing: "It's also a bit of a shame for Daniel (teacher), maybe he's looking for us". 
Aske, who is coming down from the swing, looks at Lars, while he pulls the corners of his mouth to the side, frowns and says: "Oops!". 
Lars: "Into Daniel!". 
Together they sprint across the schoolyard towards the entrance.  ]]> 2017-08-02 10:53:22 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179939930 Case Lars - udpluk hvor vi finder tegn på Skinners teorier abalone007 https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179955042 Lars reagerer på at det ringer ind til timen, efter frikvarteret.
Klokken er eksempel på en stimulus, med den respons til følge at børnene skal afbryde deres leg, og søge mod deres klasser.
Hans ven Aske vil gerne at de lige tager en gyngetur mere, og prøver at overtale Lars. 
Lars er i vildrede, og har et stærkt ønske om at følge reglerne, da han på baggrund af at være blevet irettesat tidligere i en lignende situation, har haft en dårlig oplevelse.
Anna, pædagogisk assistent i sfo'en går ind og tilbyder drengene at resevere gyngen til dem i 10 minutter i næste frikvarter, under forudsætning af at de så går ind til timen.
Da drengene stadig ikke (Aske's reaktion på hendes forslag) tager imod tilbudet, er hun villig til at gå et skridt videre, og tilbyder 1 kvarter på gyngen for at skubbe tingene i den rigtige retning, og sikre et positivt udfald, frem for at vælge en sanktion der kunne opfattes som straf.
Hendes måde at takle situationen på (super anerkendende), hvor hun på trods af sin position, vælger at se tingene fra drengenes perspektiv, og tilfører noget positivt - positiv forstærkning, til en situation der ellers kunne være end negativt, måske med en form for straf, er et rigtigt fint eksempel på Skinners teori når den virker allerbedst.

En bestemt adfærd har en konsekvens,

Kritik af belønning/straf teorien, som værende kynisk og utidssvarende.
Vi har i vores snak og overvejelser, dog allesammen eksempler fra vores hverdag på hvordan metoden trives i bedste velgående, og anvendes i vid udstrækning, såvel privat som i arbejdsøjemed, omend i mildere udgaver og form end førhen.]]> 2017-08-02 14:55:41 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/179955042 Word randi_dyerby https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/180032813 2017-08-03 11:16:47 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/180032813 Fremlæggelse heidibrdsgaard https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/180032873 2017-08-03 11:19:22 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/180032873 malse_girl https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/185049299 2017-09-06 09:55:31 UTC https://padlet.com/malse_girl/p2sn3mxprpma/wish/185049299