Sexism- This is discrimination based on someone’s gender. This means that a woman may be treated harsher in the job market then a man would just because they are female. This term is not just for women it also happens to men and to people who are transgender just because of their gender. An example of this would be men making the judgement that women doesn't like playing sports or doing sports. 

Homophobia- This is showing a dislike towards individuals who are homosexual this mean that two people of the same sex like each other, such as a man and a man being together is called being gay and a women and a women being together this is called being a lesbian. Homophobia has been linked with attacks and abuse on the streets to the gays and lesbians just because they are not heterosexual. 

Equality- This means that people have the same value of each other this means that no human is more imported then another. This also means that all religious groups have the same value and when this is not followed it can create inequality. This is hard to do though as you can't treat a murderer the same as law binding citizen. Equality is about treating people with respect and fairly.

Harassment- This is the unwelcome or unwanted attention from another individual or a group of people. It can range from being called inappropriate names/ being told inappropriate comments about your-self or being touch from that person.  People can be targeted because of their race, religion, gender or an disability. An example of this would be calling someone fat every day at school or college. This will hurt the victims feelings and cause them to do something bad to them such as self harm. Harassment doesn't have to be verbal it can also be physical.   

Discrimination- This means treating a person unfairly because of who they are or because they pose different characteristic, such examples of this could be someones ages, race, gender, religion, culture and age.Indirect discrimination this is when someone is being discriminated not because of there race or culture but because of a company rule. An example of this would be a women trying to get a job at a hairdresser's but wasn't allowed because she wore a headscarf. This is indirect as it is a company rule to show off your hair whilst in the building and not because of her belief.  Direct discrimination is when  you're treated differently and worse than someone else for certain reasons such as your age or gender or belief . An example of this could be going to a job interview and the employer stereotyping age.  They may believe that a older and more experienced person would be better at the job then the younger person. Direct discrimination is a criminal offence under the equality act of 2010.  

Prejudice- This means that someone holds a negative opinion on a person just based on stereotyping. An example of this would be judging a black person and thinking they are law breaking citizens.They will have no reason and facts to judge someone they just dislike them. An example of this would be if someone starts abusing a homosexual for no reason. If asked why they did it they will not give a reason apart from they don't like the belief that they are gay.

Disability- This is when a person has a physical or mental impairment which has a short term or a long term effect on them. This disability can stop you from doing day to day tasks such as going to work or getting out of bed in the morning. A disability could range from having problem speaking or learning difficulties to mobility problems or deafness. People are disabled from illnesses, conditions and injuries, which do not allow them to function like they should. An example of this would be disabled people getting verbal or physical abuse as they cant' do certain jobs.

  

Heterosexism- Heterosexist is where you believe that being Heterosexual is correct and how everyone should be. This mean that relationships between the opposite sex’s such as male and female such be the only relationships and they believe that this is the right way. This could be  problem with the public services as gay people may be looked down on and be abused verbally or physically.  

Ethnocentricity- This is the belief that one persons culture, nationality or traditions are more superior to another. It is when people judges another religions or culture.  A example of this would be when Hitler was in-charge of Germany in WW2. His beliefs were that if you were a Jew or apart of another religious group other then his Aryan race then anyone else was pointless and had no value to him.

This is a merging of different races and cultures within a society.
Rights and responsibilities of individuals:

Everybody in society has rights. however everyone in society has a responsibility to freedom of speech, rights to education, free movement. However, these rights and responsibilities can be taken away if they are found breaking law. However, all citizens must make sure they are involved and are acting appropriate in society. 
Equal opportunities:

No matter anybody's age, colour or gender they all have the same chance to the same things for example employment or education. Equality and equal opportunities are based around the ides of fairness and respect to all. For example, everyone can take part in political, social and cultural life in society. Being regardless of their personal traits and characteristics such as their gender, religion, sexuality, race, disability’s and class.

https://www.citizensadvice.org.uk/law-and-courts/civil-rights/human-rights/what-rights-are-protected-under-the-human-rights-act/
In the UK, human rights are protected by the Human Rights Act 1998. The Act gives effect to the human rights set out in the European Convention on Human Rights. 

In this section you will find information on the different rights protected under the Human Rights Act.
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1975/65

        The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. 
It means understanding that each individual is unique, 
and recognizing our individual differences.  These can be along 
the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, 
political beliefs, or other ideologies.  It is the exploration 
of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. 
It is about understanding each other and moving beyond 
simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the 
rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual.

The nationality of an individual

As having political rights i.e. the right to vote

Being a responsible member of society

Upholding the law

A fully participating member of society