2.     all of your participants that you chose need to have completed a consent form to say they agree to be part of your research. 

3.     Make sure there is a balance of participants eg half women and half men 

4.     Research into the best questionnaire website to complete your research with 

5.     Create the first questionnaire for the athletes covering the type of sports they do and find out things such as how many coaches they have. this is needed to get a deeper understanding how they feel. 

6.     Next create a questionnaire for the coaches’ important questions to include are things such as what they coach and how long they have coached for. 

7.      Make sure that all participants fill out every question on the form. 

8.     Complete a coding process to begin to start highlighting and identifying trends/patterns/key terms.

9.     You need to split the responses based on gender so that there can be a comparison of different types of coaching on different people. 

10.  Using your data, you need to compare the answers given by the different people so you should compare all the answers given by each participant for the athletes. 

11.  With this make a list of the similarities of what the athletes have said and the differences and then analyse this to understand why there is this difference. 

12.  This should be repeated for each question asked on the survey. 

13.  You should then compare these athletes’ answers to those from the coaches. The coaches will be asked different questions, but you should compare their answers to those of the athletes.

14.  Create a chart for example a pie chart for answers given by the athlete for example the best qualities of a coach from your research. By putting it in a chart it is able to show a reader easily the best qualities of a coach. 

15.  Compare the answers given by both females and males this is important as coaches treat genders differently and you want to see the effect of this. 

16.  Create multiple graphs and diagrams to sh9ow the results of your research. 

17.  Share the answers/ findings back with the participants to see how many agree – this will help to verify the information (100% agreement = reliability) 

18.  Compare results to previous studies and highlight key notes and possible reasoning

19.  Summarise the main findings

20.  Write a conclusion to explain what your results show and make sure to compare the responses given. 

Raw Data: There will be both open and closed questions in my questionnaire which will determine the understanding of the people i have asked on how aware they are about the topic of transgender individuals in sport and the sporting policy along with this. 
Open questions- 
Open- i will highlight key words the participant has mentioned in their answer
Axial- The key words picked out will be placed into categories of same or similar key words
Selective- Any key words that don't link to the data I'm set out to analyse and support my topic i will remove these categories
Closed questions-
I will create tables to put the data in and calculate totals and percentages for each set of collected answers for each question. With this i will then calculate it to set it up in a bar chart on edexcel so i can easily compare and analyse my answers.

2.These ideas will then be developed in the correct wording for questions.

3.The questions will be straightforward and unbiased

4.I will then design the questionnaire that will provide me with detailed answers making it easy to evaluate.

5.The questionnaire will be sent to the participants for them to complete.

6.All participants will be given the choice to take part in the study and will be told that they can drop out whenever they want.

7.They will be asked to complete a consent form which will be checked by my teacher.

8.It will be optional for the participants to put their name on the questionnaire because they may answer the questions more honestly if they were anonymous.

9.They will be asked to complete the questionnaire and submit it back to me.

10.The results will be analysed 

11.They will then be used as a part of my research project.

•Research design: Experimental case study: this doesn’t allow me to get a wider selection of data and therefore anomalies might effect the average more causing inaccurate results.

•Data collection: My method of data collection might be expensive if I didn’t already have the equipment. There may also be human error involved in the collection of data in some aspects, the wattbike app will record most of the data. The heart rate monitor sometimes isn't reliable because sometimes it is faulty, this may reduce the accuracy of the true results.

•My chosen subjects: these may have limitations based on their activities outside the testing day that could effect the results, such as level of training, also their motivation during the challenge may alter results as it differs from participant to participant.

Is passive recovery more effective than active recovery?

1. Data Collection - observation sheet/table

2. Raw Data Process -  2 tables on edexell, 1 for passive and 1 for active recovery. They will have the headings of heart rate before exercise, heart rate after exercise and also heart rate after recovery.

3. Descriptive Statistics -  I will find the mean and standard deviation for men doing passive recovery and the women doing passive recovery and the same for active. I will also find the mean and standard deviation for all participants doing  passive  and active recovery, and then compare the percentage difference of the heart rate from straight after exercise to after recovery

4 . Displaying the Data - I will make a line graph for each recovery type, and then separate line graphs comparing passive and active recovery for both men and women.

5. Statistical Testing - I will use a t-test to show the difference between heart rate immediately after exercise and then after recovery.

6. Data Verification - I will use member checking to verify my data to see if the participants agree with my findings.

2.Half of them take creatine in their daily protein shake, half do not

3.Participants will complete a 1k challenge each week

4.Attach a heart rate monitor to the participants

5.Log them into a wattbike account (so data can be saved)

6.Get them to complete the 10-minute warm up

7.Get them to complete the 1k challenge where they push as hard as they can till it is complete.

8.Get them to complete a 5-minute cool down (for personal safety)

9.Repeat this every week on the same day for each participant.
10. Repeat for at least 4 weeks to see improvements.

Raw Data Process: How might you use coding to start highlighting key aspects of your information ? 

for the closed questions - i will put the data into tables so they can be easily compared

Displaying the data 1 : Would you use a table to display your initial coded information ? To display this data I could use a radial diagram to so the results from each question. This will allow me to see any similarities as well.

Displaying the data 2 : How else might you display the data eventually? (x4 choices = Venn, Network, Radial, Cycle) 
I could also use a venn diagram to show the difference and similarities in the results. This will allow me to analyse the different information and see how the participants perspectives differ.

Displaying the data 3 : Could you use a "Thematic Analysis" method to display your data ? 
Using thematic analysis will allow me to 

Data verification - What method would you adopt ? i will use member checking to see if the participants agree with the results

Raw Data Process:

Step 1: Open = I will start off by highlighting the key words that the participants have used in their answers. 

Step 2: Axial = When I find the key words, I will put them in categories so they are in groups, so I will be able to identify the combine themes easier. 

Step 3: Selective = I will then identify one singular category and will then use it as my main theme/ topic area. Once I've found the main topic area in a category, I will then link it to the other categories for further research. 

Displaying the data 1 : I will use a table because it will help me find the categories/ themes easier which will help me when transferring the information into diagrams. 

Displaying the data 2 : I will display my data in a variety of methods such as pie charts, bar charts, a Venn diagram and in a line graph. I will use these as it sets out the data in an easy way so I am more likely to spot patterns easier for the analysis part. I would use a line graph because it will be helpful when finding the relationships and differences injury prevention rates have changed over time. 

Displaying the data 3 : A thematic table might not be suitable for my research as it can lead to a lack in coherence with my researched topic areas/ categories I have found in my research. 

Data verification - I will not be doing a double entry method as it won't be needed with the research I'm investigating therefore I will be using proofreading because it will ensure that all my data will be reliable to use. 

2.       Each candidate will be asked to complete a consent form

3.       Each candidate will be asked to complete a physical assessment to avoid injury

4.       Each Individual must complete baseline vertical jump test

5.        Each Individual must complete baseline broad jump test

6.        Each Individual must complete baseline squat 1RM

7.        Each individual will be asked to Take their initial Bodyweight 

8.       Start phase 1 of strength programme (Flexibility + Stability) (Week 1 + Week 2)

9.       Phase 2 (Week 3 + 4) Strength phase

10.   Phase 3 (Week 5 + 6) Power + Plyometric Phase

11.   Phase 4 – De-load Phase (Week 7)

12.   Complete Vertical Jump Test

13.   Complete Broad Jump test 

14.   Complete Squat 1 RM

15.   Take Bodyweight

2. Get all participants to complete the consent forms which will be checked and confirmed

3. Ensure your understanding of the project and the aim of collecting the data

4. Research previously used questionnaires to evaluate the questions

5. Design an online questionnaire with suitable questions for the participants to collect suitable data

6. Verify all questions in the questionnaire to check they are valid and understandable

7. Introduce the participants to the research project and why they are beneficial in collecting the data

8. Provide instructions for the participants to follow when completing this process on the day

9. Answer any questions the participants have about the study

10. Provide them access to the online questionnaire

11. Allow the participants sufficient time to complete and fill out the questionnaire

12. Create a table to present the online questionnaire results in, containing all the participants answers

13. Outline/ summarise the main results, trends and patterns from the table

14. Compare the current research project ideas to past journals

15. Present the data as graphs, charts and tables which visually represents the findings of the research project

16. Calculate descriptive statistics: mean, standard deviation, mode, and range

17. Calculate Chi test and T test values

18. Use Chi test and T test to evaluate results further

19. Compare the final results to other research projects around this subject

20. Create a document to feedback the results to the participants, supporting the key findings and their input by participating in the questionnaire

2. Find journals to use for secondary research.

3. Find participants to use for collecting your primary data.

4. Create an introduction for why you are choosing this title. 

5. Make an ethical clearance form

6. Gain an ethical clearance form from tutor, and from Derby College.

7. Give participants consent forms, so it is ethical. 

8. Create a questionnaire format and think of the questions, for primary data. 

9. Ask the questions to the participants involved in your study.

10. Once the questions are answer, collect the findings, and code it.

11. Put the findings in a format so they are easier to read, such as a bar chart, a pie chart, or separating the answers into categories to observe them easier. 

12. When the findings are in a format to use, analyse the data.

13. Write an overview of these findings.

14. Find secondary research, through the internet or the journals selected. 

15. Get that information and put the findings into a format again so it is easier to compare and observe. 

16. Analyse this research, linking back to your chosen topic, using coding. 

17. Overview this topic and its findings.

18. Create a conclusion.

19. Add references throughout the work.

20. Add a bibliography. 

2.) The participant will continue this diet for a week.

3.) On day seven of the diet, the participant will take part in a timed 50m freestyle and butterfly swim

4.) They will need to consume 2000 calories worth of energy during the day, BEFORE doing the event

5.) They will need to start the event from a dive off a starting block

6.) When ready to do so, the participant will be set off to swim the 50m freestyle, someone will need to start a stopwatch as they are set off. 

7.) The participant will finish the event, and the stop clock will be stopped, and the time recorded

8.) The performer will then be asked a set of questions asking how they felt whilst swimming, and the answers to these will be written down.

9.) The participant will rest for five minutes before repeating steps five to eight again for butterfly instead of freestyle

10.) Following this, the participant will finish the rest of the seventh day consuming animal based products

11.) On the eighth day, the participant will begin a diet that is plant based-a vegan diet. They will also need to consume 2000 calories a day, and consume the same 3 litres of fluid a day.

12.) On the fourteenth day of research, the participant will once again perform the same two 50m events

13.) They will need to consume, again 2000 calories that day BEFORE participating in the timed events

14.) The timed performance will need to be under the exact same conditions as steps five to nine. 

15.) These times need to be recorded and the answers to the questions recorded separately, and clearly marked which diet the performer was on for the data.

 Data Collection - To explore the relationship between socio economic group and participation in sport, I will create an online questionnaire. It will ask the participants the same  closed questions with  the same choice of answers.

 Raw Data:  Once the date is collected, I will transfer data from each question into an individual table so they can be compared for data analysis. As well as all the data in one table so I can evaluate the overall results of the questionnaire.

 Descriptive Statistics:  I will use the means of each question to work out the overall general response to each question. Standard deviation will be calculated to work out how spread the data results are. Mode will evaluate the most frequent response to each question and the percentage of participants who answered with the most popular answer.

 Display the data: I will create bar charts to display the data collected, showing how many participants picked each answer, in comparison to others. In addition to line graphs which could be used to show the relationships between questions ad be shown visually. 

 Statistical testing:  I will calculate a chi-square test as I can use it to compare observed results with expected results. It will determine the difference between the data collected and can suggest relationships between different variable in the questions.

 Data verification: I would adopt triangulation as member checking may lead participant to feel exploited as the questions asked should be kept confidential due to exploitation of individuals backgrounds.

2.     Get consent forms signed by the participants

3.     Health screening – has anyone been in contact with anyone with COVID-19, have you tested positive for COVID-19 in the last 2 weeks, have you had symptoms but not been tested?

4.     Get permission from my teacher to conduct the study

5.     Create a table/observation sheet to collect my findings

6.     On the day of the research, I will instruct the participants as to what exercise they will be doing, and how I will collect data 

7.     Measure their heart rate using a pulse monitor before exercise

8.     Individuals will then take part in High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)

9.     Once completed the exercise measure hr again immediately

10.  6 individuals take part in passive recovery, and 6 will do active recovery

11.  After recovery measure hr to see how much it has decreased by

12.  Create two tables for my findings, one for passive recover and the other for active recovery
13. I will do the same thing once every week for 3 weeks to ensure that my results are reliable. 

14.  Put my results into these tables, and create a line graph for each recovery type

15.  Work out the average decrease in heart rate for each method

15.  Compare the averages on a Bar chart

17.  Create a t-test for my results to shoe the difference in heart rate immediately after exercise and after recovery 

18.  I will then feedback my results to the participants and get their opinions on the data

2.     Make an ethical clearance form 

3.     Make a consent form 

4.     Gain ethical clearance from my tutor and from Derby College.

5.     Find 10 participants to use to answer a questionnaire.

6.     Give the participants of my study a consent form.

7.     Create a set of questions for my questionnaire on survey monkey.

8.     Hand out the survey to the participants 

9.     Give the participants the right to withdraw at any time 

10.  Collect the results from the survey 

11.  Categorise participants in terms of gender, age or sport played. 

12.  Write an overview of what the questions were to introduce the topic

13.  Compare the results found by categorising the data into sections and putting it into a format like a bar chart

14.  See if there is any correlation between mental health and injury in sport

15.  Conclude the findings of the experiment if there was any difference found and in how many participants 

16.  Find secondary research which for elite athletes 

17.  Put research into a format such as a bar chart to make it comparable 

18.  Compare my findings to other research found and see if there is a difference or whether it is the same 

19.  Write a conclusion about my findings and how they are similar or different to previous research such as in the journals 

20.  Write references for the secondary research used

2.       I will ensure no questions could possibly be taken offensively and research the best wording for the questions as it is a very current topic and issue.

3.       I will research appropriate questions to ask regarding my topic and what will give me the best results and opinions.

4.       I will perform systematic sampling in asking participants to answer the questionnaire, so I get a less biased general opinion. They will be asked age to inform me with different opinions and knowledge across different ages.

5.       Closed questions will be taken and converted into percentages to be able to compare answers. Open questions, I will break down and collect specific terms that are commonly used, and which are relevant to my topic. With this I will then convert to percentages again for later comparison

6.       I will compare my data to previously collected data by collecting results from similar questionnaires and research projects

7.       I will discuss my results and compare to the research I have undergone to compare how much the audience knows and understands about the sporting policy around my topic, however, their personal opinions will be analysed in a way that will help me understand their views on the topic and whether things should change

•This is considered in many parts of my study since I won't be monitoring training or diet just intake of creatine and 1k test results.

•To test for reliability I will be using test-retest. We will be completing the test over many different occasions to see if the results are on track and like previous tests with little to no anomalies.

•I will get the participants to complete the 10-minute warm up and the 1k sprint test over at least 4 weeks to get an idea of improvement and reliability.

1. Data collection- how will you collect your data?

Online survey/questionnaire using mainly open ended questions.

2. Raw data process- how might you use coding to start highlighting key aspects of your information?

  Step 1: open

I will read through my participants surveys thoroughly and begin to pick up any similarities within their answers. Also, I will get a clear idea of their mood towards the question, whether they mainly agree or disagree. I think many of my participants will think that their stress and anxiety does effect their sporting performance, making them not perform as well as they could when they aren’t as stressed

  Step 2: axial

Again, I will thoroughly read through each person’s survey and try to find their main idea about each question that I have asked them.

  Step 3: selective

This is the stage where I will bring together the individual’s ideas and take into account the similarities and differences between their answers. 

3. Displaying the data 1- would you use a table to display your initial coded information?

I think a table would be useful when I initially code my information because it will keep each participants data separate and allow me to fully analyse it without confusion.

4. Displaying the data 2- how else might you display the data eventually? (4 choices= venn, network, radial, cycle)

I could use a Venn diagram to display my data taking the points where students agree with the fact that stress and anxiety effect their sporting performance and then the opposite. This will also allow me to include those participants who don’t give a clear answer on if they believe that mental struggles decreased the level of their performance.

5. Displaying that data 3- could you use a “thematic analysis” method to display you data?

This would be very helpful for my project as it will allow me to identify the majority of participants who either agree or disagree with the fact that stress and anxiety effects sporting performance.

6. Data verification- what method would you adopt?

Member checking would be useful for my project because the participants will not know what the others have put, therefore, when I have fully analysed my data I can see how many of the participants agree with the final result. This will also allow me to identify any anomaly’s in my data. 

Reliability is ​the degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be depended on to be accurate. Therefore, the research carried out must be reliable as it used throughout the project. This then means there is no negative impact on the overall results of the project as the sources of research and main research is trustworthy.

This is an important factor to consider in this study. When relating to my literature reviews, I have compared the date to make sure it is relevant to the current project. When collecting the data, I have also checked there is no complete anomaly which differentiates itself form other participants majorly.

I will test for reliability by comparing sets of data and analyzing the data which will give me different sets of numbers. These can be compared to previous research project results as well as calculated results across the internet to check the similarity and reliability.

Inter-rater reliability could be beneficial in this research project as it can measure the consistency between each participants as it is the agreement of the same data obtained between individuals. If my results produced are similar, it will demonstrate a high reliability within my project as similar answers will be inputted by participants.

Quantitative data will not provide me with as much detail compared to qualitative data which may cause difficulties when coming to evaluate the reasoning for these result. This could also be misleading because if I do a scale of 1-10

question participants may have different views on the value of each number. This could cause the results to be unreliable.

Research design: I will be using a comparative research design 

Data collection method: I will be collecting all my data using questionnaires due to COVID-19 restrictions. There will be a mixture of open and closed questions. Limitations of this is that there is no face to face interaction meaning the 
participants may not be able to put what they think all down onto the questionnaire. There will be less explanation for the answers and may be hard to understand what the participants mean. 

Chosen subject: due to limitations with COVID-19 the participants will have to be contacted online which could cause issues if there are any problem with technology.

Chosen variables: 
  

Validity is the quality of being logically or factually reasonable which is important. A complete set of anomaly results wouldn’t be valid as they wouldn’t be believable, therefore decreasing the level of reliability. This has a negative impact as the research project is viewed upon as pointless and the final results aren’t very beneficial. 

Due to the current situation of COVID19, carrying out primary research face to face would be debatable. Therefore, the participants taking part in the collection data process must provide truthful, valid information giving the view of the overall results to be valid and reliable. In addition. I have no access to expensive methods to collect data​, so the data collected may not be 100% valid due to the method not being as professional or accurate.

The validity of this project is debatable as the participants answers can differ majorly, so one answer can have a negative impact on the overall results which could be seen as wrong in comparison to predictions and previous calculations from projects. For example, if every participants chose the category of yes but there was an anomaly of no, my overall results will be impacted. All participants will be given the same knowledge, understanding and time limit of this project so they all have the same interest and idea when answering the online questionnaire.

This is the extent to which the results can be generalized to other contexts such as different groups of people and situations. Therefore, this study has high external validity as the results are very generic and can be applied to different cases as participation rates in other subjects can be affected by the factors I am investigating throughout this project. Factors such as geographic location of individuals, or previous college financial situations could possibly used to evaluate other studies like income spent on extra curricular activities.

Data Collection – Using this type of data only allows for two types of recovery methods to be analysed against one another and doesn’t allow for a third method to be considered. Therefore, if I were able to introduce low-frequency electrostimulation my project would be more accurate as to which recovery technique is the most effective, however this is not possible. 

Data Collection – It isn’t guaranteed that the heart rate monitor that I will be using won’t be faulty, and there is the aspect of human error, as if the researcher sets it up wrong or misreads the monitor this will make my results less accurate. 

Chosen Subjects – There will be 10-12 subjects with equal numbers of men to women, however the age range of my study is very wide, and if an individual is injured or ill they may not work as hard as they would if they were 100% fit.

 

 

•Some validity issues that I am having is the fact that my participants are free eat and train how they want if they are consuming the 5g extra of creatine, this may cause different invalid results.

Internalvalidity:

•Low internal validity, I am combatting this by having a smaller test group size so and persuading them to continue with regular training and similar diets besides creatine intake. (Their own personal choice impacting this).

External validity:

•High external validity because it can easily be applied in other settings, as this investigation is easily reproducible (with relatively similar results) on any demographic or group, if the external environments were the same.

This has been considered in my method. Through repeating the timed performance, and then being able to gain an average, this means that my results are less likely to be skewed, or contain any anomalies, thus increasing the reliability. Further to this, I have also used academic journals to make sure that my ideas coincide with already existing research, so that I do not stray from having bias data, which can be caused by having a completely different approach than other people to my idea.

I am testing for reliability through calculating means and standard deviations for stroke rate and time, which can show how accurate my results by displaying how far the data tends from the “normal”.

If any times or stroke rates provided by the research seem overly high or low compared to what is deemed “normal”, I could possibly look to retest for that performance, to see if a different result is provided, as the first may be an anomaly. This will increase the reliability of my research, as it decreases the risk of anomalies contaminating the data.

-       To ensure that my project is reliable I will be comparing it to data found in the journals in my literature review, which is make sure that my results are coinciding with data that has already been found. 

-       I am going to be using a test-retest to confirm that my results are accurate and therefore reliable. This will be over the course of three weeks, to make sure that every week the results are of a similar standard, and highlight any inconsistencies in my results. 

-       To ensure that my project is reliable I will be comparing it to data found in the journals in my literature review, which is make sure that my results are coinciding with data that has already been found. 

-       I am going to be using a test-retest to confirm that my results are accurate and therefore reliable. This will be over the course of three weeks, to make sure that every week the results are of a similar standard, and highlight any inconsistencies in my results. 

The Effect of Strength Training on Vertical Jump and Power Production.

Quantitative Data:
Data Collection - How will you collect your data ? (e.g. observation sheet) 

Raw Data: How will you set out your data once collected ? 

Descriptive Statistics: How might you use descriptive statistics and why ? (e.g. means, standard deviation, %’s etc..) 

Display the data: How might you display the data ? a. (bar/scatter graphs/pie charts etc…) 

Statistical testing: What statistical testing will you apply and why? 

Data verification - What method would you adopt ?

Data Collection - Observation sheet stating the measurements recorded before and after the programme. 

Raw Data - The data will be shown in a table which shows the weekly measurements for each candidate.

Descriptive statistics - percentage change in measurements from week 1 to week 6. Mean and standard deviation.


Display the data - Show how measurements increase/decrease weekly in a bar chart/ line graph.

Statistical Testing - 

Data verification -  Member checking to see if participants feel as if their measurements have increased/decreased.

•Raw Data: data will be set out in a table of results  showing the individuals performance, it will be across the top, bowl weight, density, name of individual, score, who played

•Descriptive Statistics: using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation will be for looking at the average performances of all individuals with same weight/density bowl. to see if there are any similarities or differences to potentially try and look if there are any individual differences that could impact results

•Display the data: id use a scatter graph with score on the left and weight/density of bowl along the bottom, using a key to be able to determine which cross/dot/colour for eg refers to which individual thats taken part

•Statistical testing:

•Data verification - What method would you adopt ? I would use member checking to gather the opinion of the individuals in the study which could help or be a valid point which could be used in conclusion of results as well. 

2.      Get permission from derby college to conduct this research.

3.      I will be using field-based research in this study. This means I will have to record the times that the participants take to complete a 400m run. By comparing this technique with other research using similar techniques, I can get a good idea of how to conduct it, what the results are likely to be and also if the data I will be collecting will give me the results I need.

4.      I will also need to decide on four different diets that have varying proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and fibre. 

5.      I will then split my group of ten participants in half and allocate a different diet to each half to counterbalance the research. They will then each this diet for exactly a week.

6.      At the end of the week the participants will arrive at a set place to complete a 400m run. I will set them off individually.

7.      I will time the participants doing their run and record the results onto an observation sheet.

8.      I will then swap the groups around and get them to eat the other diet for a week to compare collect the results from the other half of the group.

9.      Once both groups have eaten two diet, get then to repeat this process and eat the other two diets in the same order as before. 

10.   Repeat steps 6 and 7.

11.   I will then calculate the mean results for each group doing each diet at a particular interval.

12.   Then I will put this information into a table to present the data.

13.   I can compare my results by finding another set of data from similar results and compare the scores with my own. This will show me if my results make sense and if I have conducted the research properly.

14.   Give a conclusion about the results table and suggest what it means. For example, a high carbohydrate diet increases endurance while performing.

2.      I will record the times based on the participants who eat specific diets. There will be four diets and the one group. This group will be split in half and one half will do one diet the first week and another diet the second week and vice versa with the other group.

3.      Once I have collected my raw data I will calculate the mean for each diet group. This will show me the average time of the groups, making the data easier to display.

4.      I will display my data in a table with the diets in the columns and then each group with their results, in the groups with raw data in the rows.

5.      For the statistical analysis I will use the chi-squared test because I am using independent groups, so the data is unrelated, and the data is nominal.

6.      I could use member checking to increase the validity of my data. This will mean showing the participants the results of the test to ensure there is nothing they see that seems unusual. For example, if one person who is usually better at running than average gets a lower than average time then this will suggest the data is inaccurate.

2.      Research design- experimental design, may lack ecological validity because the situation is unnatural, and the participants may perform differently under different circumstances. This also means it lacks generalisability because it is harder to apply to the rest of the target population.

3.      Data collection method- field based, cannot get a very big sample because it takes time to get the results for everyone, meaning it lacks generalisability. Taking observations may cause the data to decrease in reliability because the researcher may not be able to measure everything, meaning some details may be missed.

4.      Chosen subject/environment- structured observation, limitations may be that it lacks validity because the time the participants take to complete a run may not tell us everything we need to find the results we are looking for in the study. If any one the participants are not feeling completely normal they may perform differently to how they would normally, e.g. someone has pulled a muscle so they run slower than they normally would. This would affect the study because it means there is a variable that has not been controlled, meaning the reliability will be reduced.

5.      Chosen variables- diet, peoples bodies are all different, meaning they all use food differently. For example, some people have a higher metabolism, which means they would process the food quicker into fuel, so they use the food more efficiently for performance. Another limitation is that the proportions given may be too much for some people but too little for others.

2.      I have ensured that there a limited number of variables in the study to avoid confusion and decrease the likelihood that any variables will interfere with the results. For example, I have not used leading questions in a questionnaire to gather my data as this may influence participant answers.

3.      I will use inter-rater reliability in my research to check my data is consistent. I can do this by looking into other similar research and comparing the results with my own. Another way I could have tested reliability would be the test-retest method. This involves repeating the experiment to compare the first set of results with he second, this will show how consistent the data is.

2.      Some validity issues in my research include the fact that it is field research. This is because there may be other contributing factors that influence the data too strongly. For example, the levels of motivation may be different in the participants so the research may be actually finding the effect of motivation on performance instead of the true aim.

3.      Internal validity- I believe it has quiet high internal validity because diet is scientifically proven to have an impact on performance, and this means what I am testing has already been proven. I am just testing how much the diet can impact the performance. For example, it has been proven that carbohydrates help give the body energy, and I am testing how this links in with sporting performance.

4.      External validity- this is lower because I am only using ten participants meaning it is harder to generalise to the rest of the target population. This may impact the research because it reduces validity, and this reduces the accuracy of the study.

Some limitations I am having are due to COVID-19. The number of subjects is limited, and so is the equipment I can use. As an example, I may not be able to use starting blocks as this will increase the risk of the virus spreading, and so this may slightly affect my results in the sense that the performance isn’t in a natural racing environment. This could mean the subjects do not perform as well, or to their optimum level, affecting the data produced.

Internal validity is low, as each subject is not set to a strict meal plan, they have a loose basis of calorie count and fluid intake. However, each subject will not be consuming the same meal at the same time, and so this may affect my results, as different plant based foods will have varying levels of sugar, proteins, fats, etc., and this may affect the rate of fatigue and performance level. By giving a value for how many calories are consumed however, will provide an equal level of energy consumption amongst subjects.

External validity is high, as my intended method could be applied to different sports, as well as subjects of varying sporting level, and backgrounds. This means that results can easily be reproduced, across different environments.

2.  Make a consent form

3.  Design my questionnaire

4.  Find 10 participants that will participate in the study and will answer the questionnaire

5.  Introduce the participants to the research project and why they are wanted

6.  Give the consent form to the participants and let them know that they have the right to withdraw at any time

7.  Once they all answered the questionnaire, I will collect the results

8.  I will put the participants into different categories: gender, age, if they play sport and if so what sport do they play and how often they use social media

9.  I will highlight the key words in the answers from the open questions

10. I will put all of the data (participants answers) into a table

11. Compare the results between the participants that are athletes and the participants that are non-athletes

12. Write an overview of what questions were used and what I found out from the results

13. Create a conclusion about who is impacted the most by social media (athletes or non athletes)

14. If athletes are the most impacted by social media, what is their gender, age and what sport do they play?

15. See if there is any relevance with the sport they play and how they are impacted as they all may be impacted the same, no matter what sport they play.