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      <title>Assignment 1 by </title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka</link>
      <description>By: Lauren Kageyama, Ashley Showers &amp; Maria Tsafantakis</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2023-10-11 22:12:49 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2023-11-27 00:19:34 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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         <title>Post #1: Assignment 1</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2742873698</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>By: Lauren Kageyama, Ashley Showers &amp; Maria Tsafantakis</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-12 03:14:29 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2742873698</guid>
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         <title>Post #2 - Pseudoscience Watchlist: Deliberately creates mystery</title>
         <author>laurenkageyama</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743733329</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition: <br><br></strong>The pseudoscience watchlist topic <strong>deliberately creates mystery</strong> can be defined by explaining concepts, ideas, or phenomena in a way that makes it seem like there's some secret knowledge or mysterious forces involved, even if there's no scientific evidence for it. This approach is designed to grab people's attention and keep them interested by piquing their curiosity and leaving them with unanswered questions. Which often involves an element of mystical or spiritual forces, appeals to our love of mystery and our need for excitement, and believers claim even they cannot explain it.<br><strong><br>Connection: <br><br></strong>The attached article delves into cryptozoology, particularly exploring the phenomenon of "Bigfoot." Despite lacking scientific evidence, this subject remains a prime example of <strong>pseudoscience</strong>, prompting an ongoing sense of curiosity and wonder. People are drawn to the idea that there may be undiscovered creatures living among us, but this also highlights the<strong> barriers to</strong> <strong>critical thinking</strong>, as many assume the legend of Bigfoot based on <strong>anecdotes</strong> rather than <strong>demonstrable validity</strong>.<strong><br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/why-so-many-people-still-believe-in-bigfoot-180970045/" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-12 14:23:27 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743733329</guid>
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         <title>Post #3 - Pseudoscience Watchlist: Often appeals to emotion</title>
         <author>laurenkageyama</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743788089</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition: </strong><br><br><strong>Often appealing to emotions </strong>seeks to instill strong emotions in us, such as fear, hope, or empathy, to persuade us to believe or act. It's like telling a story that touches your emotions but isn't always supported by real science. This emotional technique attracts our attention and trust even without sufficient scientific proof. This usually includes personal anecdotes, vulnerable people, emotional connections and emotion trumps rational thoughts. <br><br><strong>Connection: <br><br></strong>The image I’ve attached displays a psychic reading. Readings by psychics typically rely on vulnerable people, personal <strong>anecdotes</strong> and emotional appeals, giving people the ability to communicate with loved ones who have passed away or learn about their future. What a psychic might “claim” could offer comfort and closure even when the reading isn’t backed by evidence. Those who find themselves having a reading should always <strong>recognize biases </strong>and remain <strong>skeptical</strong> of their claims.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.psychicsdirectory.com/articles/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Psychic-Readings.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-12 14:56:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743788089</guid>
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         <title>Post #4 - Pseudoscience Watchlist: Use of scientific-sounding language that is meaningless</title>
         <author>laurenkageyama</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743830547</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:&nbsp;</strong></div><div><br></div><div><strong>Scientific-sounding meaningless language</strong>&nbsp;can be defined as when you use complicated, technical, or specialized words and phrases that sound scientific but don't have any real scientific meaning or truth. It offers the illusion of legitimacy, even while the concepts are ultimately flawed. This often includes mystical energy, healing modalities, biocosmic energy and a psychotronic amplification system.</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Connection:</strong></div><div><br></div><div>The article I've attached discusses quantum mysticism. Quantum mysticism is a <strong>pseudoscience</strong> that frequently uses scientific-sounding terminology to give the impression of legitimacy. This approach mixes spiritual and <strong>paranormal</strong> aspects with quantum physics vocabulary. It argues that quantum principles like entanglement and uncertainty provide a foundation for understanding the "law of attraction." However, posing as a scientific field often creates a considerable <strong>barrier to critical thinking</strong>.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://selfpause.com/law-of-attraction/the-difference-between-the-law-of-attraction-and-quantum-physics/" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-12 15:22:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743830547</guid>
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         <title>Post #5 - Pseudoscience Watchlist: Convinces by faith and belief (despite evidence)</title>
         <author>laurenkageyama</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743890654</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition: <br></strong><br>Pseudoscience frequently persuades people by appealing to faith and belief.<strong> Convinces by faith and belief (despite evidence) </strong>is based on the belief and trust in specific ideas or practices, even without concrete evidence to support them. Sometimes, people hold on to certain beliefs very firmly because they have a deep emotional or cultural connection to them. This can make them believe in these things without questioning them critically or considering scientific evidence. Which typically includes the presence of spiritual beings, faith is not based on scientific evidence, evidence is wrong, and science cannot explain mystical connections<br><br><strong>Connection: <br><br></strong>The article attached discusses the flat earth theory. The flat Earth theory is a belief relying on faith and conviction despite the overwhelming scientific evidence that demonstrates the Earth is not flat. Those who believe in this theory hold their convictions based on a profound sense of faith rather than relying on credible evidence or the <strong>scientific method</strong>. They argue that the substantial evidence supporting the roundness of the Earth is part of a conspiracy aimed at concealing the "truth." This highlights significant <strong>barriers to critical thinking</strong>, as believers in this claim often refuse to critically <strong>evaluate sources</strong>, <strong>recognize biases</strong>, or apply <strong>skepticism</strong> to assess the validity of their claims. Instead, they maintain their faith-based belief system, dismissing science that<strong> debunks</strong> the flat Earth theory.</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://physicsworld.com/a/fighting-flat-earth-theory/" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-12 16:03:09 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2743890654</guid>
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         <title>Post #11 - Reasons for Belief (Agenticity)</title>
         <author>ashleyshowers</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744335724</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition: <br><br>Agenticity</strong> can be defined as something that we can't see or prove exists, though we choose to believe that this spirit or God for example can lead us in the right direction.&nbsp; &nbsp;<br><br><strong>Connection:</strong><br><br>"However when He, the Spirit of Truth, is come, He will guide you into all truth; for He shall not speak from Himself, but whatsoever He shall hear, that shall He speak; and He will show you things to come." John 16:13 This verse from the Bible can be connected to agenticity to <strong>define the claim</strong> it is the belief that this<strong> </strong>invisible being will guide you in the right direction. Without physical evidence, many people believe that God will guide you and other believers through life and God will set you on your assigned pathway to success in life. Not only God but there are many things discussed in class that can be related to this belief like aliens, angels, ghosts, spirits, UFOs, conspiracies, <strong>paranormal</strong> and more. This is all considered <strong>Pseudoscience</strong> as there is no scientific evident that God exists nor does beliving in God lead you in the correct direction. &nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.biblegateway.com/verse/en/John%2016%3A13" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 00:00:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744335724</guid>
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         <title>Post #12 - Reasons for Belief (Emotional Connections)</title>
         <author>ashleyshowers</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744355866</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:</strong><br><br>Emotional Connections can be defined as what our emotions make us believe. When our emotions are in control it is hard to see the truth through it, which can make us act, think, and believe in a certain way. <br><br><strong>Connection:<br><br><br></strong>Psychic Medium <strong>(pseudoscience)</strong> John Edwards does a reading on random people in the audience. Through emotional connection, these people believe what he's saying is true. To <strong>debunk</strong> this is done by he asks open-ended questions to the audience that would relate to a tragedy. Then, these people would be intrigued to believe what he is saying as he has "connected with a passed relative". Although these people are just believing this as their emotions are blurring reason and obscuring rational thoughts making them believe what he has to say is true. Through class connections, we have learned a lot about Psychic mediums. This also is something that isn't scientifically proven and not a <strong>reputable source</strong> though some people do believe that these individuals can connect to the dead or spirits to lead you through guidance of the unknown.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jahy4fBgePo" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 00:20:07 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744355866</guid>
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         <title>Post #13 - Reasons for Belief (Patternicity)</title>
         <author>ashleyshowers</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744376174</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:</strong><br><br><strong>Patternicity</strong> is defined as seeing patterns through things meaninglessly without reason as to why we see them. <br><br><strong>Connection:<br><br></strong>The image displayed above is a tree in the forest. We can see a face on the tree (two eyes and a mouth) through reasons of belief (patternicity). Although it's just a tree with holes, we see this because we naturally discern meaningful patterns in meaningful and meaningless visual noise. This phenomenon highlights the <strong>barriers to critical thinking</strong>, as it reminds us that our perceptions can sometimes override actual scientific evidence, and we find ourselves attributing meaning where it might not truly exist, emphasizing the importance of <strong>skepticism</strong> and the need to <strong>evaluate evidence</strong>. &nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-10-13 00:36:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744376174</guid>
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         <title>Post 6 - Red Flag: Appeal to Authority </title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744415474</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:&nbsp;</strong></div><div>A logical fallacy known as an <strong>appeal to authority</strong> occurs when the foundation of an argument is not the validity of the argument itself, but rather the endorsement or support of a specific person or authority figure. In this illusion, the use of an authoritative person to support a claim or assertion is common, even when the authority's knowledge of or connection to the subject at issue is in doubt.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Connection:</strong>&nbsp;</div><div>This article is a clear representation of <strong>appeal to authority</strong>, in this article, we have Kim Kardashian promoting her waist trainers. At first, it starts off with Kim posting in her waist trainers, then it gradually shows her sisters wearing them as well. It is best to use <strong>critical thinking and skepticism </strong>while reading this article, in order to not be fooled. The Kardashians have undergone major plastic surgery, and their small waists are not natural. People believe that because these celebrities are wearing waist trainers they should too, they have young and impressionable fan bases so they know people will follow whatever they do. However, if we really <strong>debunk</strong> waist trainers then we would know that they cause lots of damage to your organs seeing as they shift and make your vessels stretch out.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.hourglassangel.com/blog/kim-kardashians-waist-training-secret-out/" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 01:08:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744415474</guid>
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         <title>Post #10 - Red Flag (All Natural)</title>
         <author>ashleyshowers</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744469927</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:</strong><br><br><strong>All Natural </strong>as a red flag can be defined as something stating it is 'all natural' regardless of ingredients or makeup. Many people use this as a marketing tactic to show its product is safe as it is 'all natural' making consumers blind to whatever is really inside.&nbsp; <br><br><strong>Connection:</strong><br><br> To <strong>define the claim</strong> All Natural you need to dig a little bit deeper into what 'all natural' really means. Products that claim to be this can be highly dangerous because, as soon as someone sees natural, organic, green, and clean they purchase things without a thought. This article attached takes us through why these are really just marketing scams. Many media influencers will promote <strong>"</strong>all-natural<strong>"</strong> brands which could also tie in appeal to authority red flags, as someone believes what this person is claiming and the bottle also says "all-natural" it must be the best! However, to <strong>debunk</strong> this, <strong>Skepticism</strong> questions everything. From reading this article we all need to do. Skepticism is, they must have proof to believe. Skepticism must be the starting point for all extraordinary claims. (Claims are false until proven fact). By saying this next time you read all-natural and correlate that to being healthy remember this.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.thecandidly.com/2019/what-does-natural-label-mean" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 01:48:56 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744469927</guid>
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         <title>Post 7 - Red flag: Ancient Wisdom</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744584930</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:&nbsp;</strong></div><div>The information, perceptions, and lessons passed down through the ages from prehistoric peoples and cultures are collectively referred to as <strong>Ancient Wisdom</strong>. It offers timeless advice on a variety of life topics, such as philosophy, spirituality, ethics, and practical knowledge. It is historically based. This body of knowledge gives ageless guidance and viewpoints for managing the difficulties of the human condition.</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Connection:</strong> We can see this article relates to<strong> Ancient Wisdom </strong>when we read the word “traditional”. In this article it states that it may be “ancient” but its practices are anything but outdated. For years, new <strong>anecdotes</strong> about traditional Chinese medicine have risen. People have their preferences on healthcare and newer doctors in medicine like to try and <strong>debunk</strong> “traditional medicine” because they like to take on a holistic perspective, although it never quite works because it’s proven to be very beneficial. In my opinion, this is a<strong> reputable source</strong>; not only does their website have real information confirmed by healthcare professionals but it also dives into the nitty gritty of how Traditional Chinese Medicine is being done and how it has “stood the test of time and been relied on for years”.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.silvertreewellness.com/traditional-chinese-medicine-health-benefits-ancient-wisdom/" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 03:13:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744584930</guid>
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         <title>Post 8 - Red flag: Red Herring</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744585963</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition: </strong>A<strong> red herring</strong> is a logical fallacy in which unrelated or false material is presented in an argument or conversation in an effort to distract the audience or redirect attention away from the main topic at hand. It gives off a false impression, making it difficult to address the real issue at hand.</div><div><br></div><div><strong>Connection: </strong>This is an article about Donald Trump and his “art” of<strong> Red Herring. </strong>If there is ever a suspicion of Red Herring we must always use <strong>critical thinking </strong>while carefully listening to what an individual has to say. In this article it was said “In response to Special Counsel Robert Mueller’s Russia investigation, Trump has long maintained there was "no collusion" between the Kremlin and his campaign for the presidency in 2016. But, in an attempt to throw the public off the scent, lead attorney Rudy Giuliani has gone one step further, contending that “collusion” wouldn't be illegal in any case, claiming that “collusion” is not explicitly cited in U.S. legal code.” We can clearly see how Trump is using <strong>Red Herring</strong> to throw off the public. Based on this article and others like it, <strong>evaluating the evidence</strong> here is easy. He is very well known for <strong>Red Herring</strong> and I would say this is a <strong>reputable source </strong>based on the many examples given. This website and many others like it show proof of Trump's tactics.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://captimes.com/opinion/column/lorin-r-robinson-donald-trump-and-the-art-of-the-red-herring/article_15589efe-b6e8-5aec-a4e6-2ec9b0a7a3c8.html" />
         <pubDate>2023-10-13 03:14:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744585963</guid>
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         <title>Post 9 - Red flag: Confusion of Correlation with Causation</title>
         <author></author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/laurenkageyama/p17gscuk0bp5h0ka/wish/2744615706</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Definition:&nbsp;</strong></div><div>When a cause-and-effect relationship is incorrectly assumed based on a statistical association between two variables, it is known as <strong>confusing correlation with causation.</strong> As other circumstances or coincidences may be at work, just because two things are connected does not necessarily suggest that one of them is the cause of the other.</div><div><strong>&nbsp;</strong></div><div><strong>Connection:&nbsp;</strong></div><div><strong>Anecdotes</strong> can contribute to the <strong>confusion between correlation and causation</strong>. People cannot consider the need for <strong>skepticism</strong> and <strong>critical thinking</strong> when determining causation when they only consider personal experiences or singular incidents. <strong>Anecdotes</strong> about taking a vitamin supplement and feeling better, for instance, can lead someone to believe that the supplement was the reason for their recovery. Before conclusively attributing causation to the supplement based only on a single <strong>anecdotal</strong> experience, <strong>critical thinking and skepticism</strong> would lead people to take other factors and possible placebo effects into account.&nbsp;</div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2023-10-13 03:43:21 UTC</pubDate>
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