“Buff” - When a weapon or tool is rendered with good stats with the latest updates, making it good for use.

“Camping” - A tactic where a player gains a strategic position by sitting in a particular position on the map.

“Clutch” - When an outnumbered player in a match takes down the opposing players.

“DLC” - Content made available by the developers after the launch of a game that is downloadable.

“Grinding” - When a player does repetitive tasks to gain experience points.

“K/D” - K/D stands for Kill/Death and is a ratio that shows the number of kills per death.

“Nerf” - When a weapon or tool is changed to reduce its power.

“NPC” - Any character that can’t be controlled in a game.

“Ping” - A measure of how long it takes for information from you system to travel to the game’s server and back.

“Smurf” - When a player with a high skill set competes with players of lower skill via a new account or a new account.

“XP/EXP” - XP short for experience points, is a common measure of your progress in games.

Aken, Brian C. Van. Leadership in the Gaming World? https://sites.psu.edu/leadership/2017/04/04/leadership-in-the-gaming-world/.

          On the website he explains how he joined a game with his son. He explains how the game would put you in a squad with people around the world, ad how that squad could be part of a faction. He talks about how the squad worked together to win Squad Wars and the leadership shown in the game. This is an example of leadership in gaming. This information comes from a trustworthy university (Penn State University).

Barder, Ollie. “Gaming Knowledge And Skill Are Not Superfluous, They Are An Essential Form Of Expertise In Games.” Forbes, 28 May 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2016/05/28/gaming-knowledge-and-skill-are-not-superfluous-they-are-an-essential-form-of-expertise-in-games/?sh=49ae1c2e540f.

           “Gaming knowledge and skills are an essential form of expertise that act as a necessary foundation for the medium as a whole. To give some examples of what I mean, when I worked on Gears of War: Judgment the team all shared a working knowledge of both first and third-person shooters. This meant that in a low-level mechanical design sense if you had to explain an issue or a new feature the shared knowledge-based facilitated a very quick turnaround. Without that shared knowledge base, you’d then have to explain the context in layman’s terms. Not only would that take longer but it would also mean you’d have a greater chance of being misunderstood, as it would be conceptually unfamiliar.” (Barder) An example of the leadership qualities that are needed to create a game. This comes from a notable magazine (Forbes).

“Video Games Are Social Spaces: How Video Games Help People Connect.” ResponseCenter, https://www.jcfs.org/response/blog/video-games-are-social-spaces-how-video-games-help-people-connect.

           “Two researchers studied this exactly in 2006. They looked at over 5,800 messages sent while playing an online multiplayer game and examined whether these messages were socio-emotional or task-oriented. Socio-emotional messages are ones that helped players connect with one another, such as “Thanks for the help,” “Yeah, I agree with you,” and “Wow, that was funny.” Task-oriented messages are focused on the game itself, such as “How do you open this door?” or “Just practice some more.” They found that there were more than 3.2 times as many socio-emotional messages as task-oriented ones. Additionally, these emotion-based messages were over 2.6 times more likely to be positive than negative. That means that, contrary to parents’ fears, the vast majority of the messages people sent while playing this game were used to interact with others in a positive way. For young people, it can be annoying to hear their parents encourage them to talk with others, when, from their perspective, they already are. Although the method of communication is different (i.e., communicated in-game rather than via text, phone, or in-person), the messages sent and connections built are the same.” This talks about how video games are affinity spaces. This informations comes for JCFS Chicago a trusted source that embraces diversity.

Barder, Ollie. “Gaming Knowledge And Skill Are Not Superfluous, They Are An Essential Form Of Expertise In Games.” Forbes, 28 May 2016, https://www.forbes.com/sites/olliebarder/2016/05/28/gaming-knowledge-and-skill-are-not-superfluous-they-are-an-essential-form-of-expertise-in-games/?sh=49ae1c2e540f. Accessed 11 Apr. 2022.

“Video Games Are Social Spaces: How Video Games Help People Connect.” ResponseCenter, https://www.jcfs.org/response/blog/video-games-are-social-spaces-how-video-games-help-people-connect. Accessed 11 Apr. 2022.