In the Southwestern Luzon towns, native inspectors and guards continued surveillance but in supervision of white American patrols. While Filipino scouts, an elite force, mainly consisting of non-Tagalogs, stood guard over quarantine houses.

Thus, policies during the epidemic became certain, confinement in hospitals were for patients, and in detention camps for contacts.

Additionally, the strict enforcement of social distancing measures mandates in public places, played a pivotal role in reducing person-to-person transmission.

• In order to avoid the terrifying thought of being admitted to the hospital and the destruction of their houses and belongings; many Filipino families chose to hide their cholera victims, which allowed the disease to spread. Additionally, further concealment resulted from the burning of bodies (Anderson, 2006).

• Removing the land quarantine.

• The discontinuation of mandatory treatment and isolation.

• The free provision of cholera medications.

• Removal of sanitary inspectors who lack a medical degree some of them are American clerks, schoolteachers, policemen and ex-soldiers.

(Harrison & MacPherson, 2007).

(Harrison & MacPherson, 2007).

During the battle between General J. Franklin Bel and Captain Malvar, the native commerce in Laguna Lake was stopped, which significantly limited the supply route to the guerrilla camps and prevented the spread of cholera.

All transportation and trade restrictions in the area were removed three days after Malvar's surrender, but the cholera compelled the ports to stay closed so local health boards could organize and take the necessary safeguards.

It was unrealistic to expect the residents of San Pablo to forget the hardships they endured during the reconcentration so fast. There was an even greater density of people, which greatly increased the risk of illness and made a mockery of sanitation. Nobody was abandoned outdoors to tend to the ricefields. San Pablo's typical crop was only one-twentieth of the need even in the years before the conflict. Nearly all of its rice was purchased from nearby towns thanks to the copra trade's income. The reconcentration drastically reduced this revenue. The quarantine, the ban on lake transportation in June, and other cholera restrictions hindered the copra trade when it resumed in late April. The locals temporarily survived on rice assistance.

As a result of the pandemic, research indicates that the real GDP shrank by 9.6% in 2020 year over year, marking the largest yearly loss since the Philippine Statistical Agency (PSA) began gathering data on annual growth rates in 1946 (Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, 2021).

In today's time, the cholera epidemic has become an eye-opener for Filipinos when it comes to the importance of implementing preventive health measures to reduce the cases of certain diseases. This is certainly evident in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Wherein, public health interventions such as community quarantines, disinfection initiatives, and educational campaigns are not new since they were already introduced by the Americans way back in the 19th century (Acevedo, 2021).

Travel and Tourism Industry was also affected, according to Ward and McComb, the pandemic caused a domino effect in the tourism supply chain that has a negative effect on livelihoods in the fishing, farming, creative industries, and other service sectors (2020).

This notion of distance learning by which online classes and modular-based education had been an evidence of anti-poor. Furthermore, as the country was not ready for a lockdown and a pandemic, contingency plans for education was not made, as a result, a halt on education for many individuals, children or not, was prevalent in the country.

Thus, students struggled with remote learning due to a variety of external circumstances, including socioeconomic status, the device being used, the internet connection, the signal, and other things. It was also a struggle with focus. In addition to the financial strain that comes with distance learning, children's mental health has suffered. In addition, parents struggled with issues like where to get money to buy internet access or support their kids in reading or completing homework when the parents couldn't read. This is seen in urban poor families and families in need of financial aid. It was difficult for the teachers as well at the same time. Everyone was unprepared for this setup, and switching from in-person to online learning was a culture shock for many, particularly for those who struggle with technology.

It was clear from a comparison and contrast of the COVID-19 virus and the Cholera War pandemics that certain strategies were similar but the policies were different. We believe that a major contributing aspect to the conclusion reached was the course of time. Both outbreaks led to improvements in public health infrastructure. The COVID-19 response showcased more global collaboration, highlighting the importance of a coordinated effort in managing pandemics.

Challenges faced included healthcare system strain, economic disruptions, and the need for rapid vaccine development. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of early detection, global cooperation, and adaptable public health strategies. The cholera epidemic and COVID-19 occurred over a very long period of period; during that time, a number of events had already occurred, and influence from other nations also affected how the pandemic was handled today. From the major occurrences, to the government's reaction, to public health initiatives, to the effects on society and the financial instability brought on by the two pandemics during the year, everything in the same place.

Furthermore, both the cholera epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic exposed underlying issues of poverty within the country which creates a cycle of vulnerability to future crises and health emergencies.

When it comes to education, cholera opens enhancements in terms of establishing health and sanitation in the curriculum, which until now have been used and applied by the students. COVID-19, on the other hand, had a major shift in terms of modes of learning, such as online and modular learning. Students have no choice but to adopt the “new normal.” Thus, individuals who do not have the means to access the internet have been utterly left behind. 

Additionally, the circular mandated LGUs to establish temporary housing facilities for homeless individuals and families within their jurisdictions. The LGUs were also instructed to provide these individuals with appropriate financial aid, relief supplies, and other essential services (Haygood-Guste, 2022).

Furthermore, with what happened during the cholera epidemic and covid-19 pandemic , it goes to show that health crisis can definitely lead to societal challenges that are detrimental to the country. Thus, there is a need to enhance and strengthen the foundation of healthcare system for it is not just entirely about treating the illness but also fostering economic growth, and building a more resilient and equitable society.