Modern Architecture and Racism - an illustrated glossary by Shantel Blakely

Modern Architecture and Racism - an illustrated glossary by Shantel Blakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t Some useful concepts, explained en-us 2021-04-13 17:47:09 UTC 2025-12-05 01:41:00 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f3d8.png A column will be made for each word in the glossary. Projects from the case study file are posted in the "projects" column, to the right. Copy and/or move case study projects into the glossary columns, and explain the connection in comments to each post. shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413238341 2021-04-13 17:49:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413238341 Click "+" to add a project shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413342869 2021-04-13 18:09:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413342869 Add every project that we looked at in the class to this column shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413346020 Go to the "case studies" folder, and add those—and the others, not in the folder, that have come up in previous conversations

]]> 2021-04-13 18:10:19 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413346020 Granby Four Streets, Liverpool shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413375133 Assemble, 2010]]> 2021-04-13 18:16:10 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413375133 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413406981 "is an analytical framework for understanding how aspects of a person's social and political identities combine to create different modes of discrimination and privilege"]]> 2021-04-13 18:22:45 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413406981 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413409073 Imagined "audience" vs actual one ]]> 2021-04-13 18:23:11 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413409073 Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change Atlanta, GA https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413410822 J. Max Bond, 1980's]]> 2021-04-13 18:23:34 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413410822 Anderson-Barker https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413413972 2021-04-13 18:24:12 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413413972 Assemble https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413414551 2021-04-13 18:24:19 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413414551 Max Bond https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413414999 2021-04-13 18:24:25 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413414999 Course Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413416075 -a social construct; fluid over time; a sum of ideologies and experiences, hard to define

-Societal delineation based on appearance/ physical characteristics, ancestry

-Grouping individuals based on physical appearance and characteristics

- calling race a social construct negates personal experiences

-cannot equate one racial experience with another

- white is not viewed the same as WHITE

- Intersection between culture, ethnic, religious aspects

]]> 2021-04-13 18:24:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413416075 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413416642 A mark that is placed on someone and stays with them their whole life and influences their experiences and fate]]> 2021-04-13 18:24:48 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413416642 Pruitt-Igoe shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413418395 Minoru Yamasaki, St. Louis, 19...
Attempt to combat housing crisis through modernistic development of affordable housing]]> 2021-04-13 18:25:11 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413418395 Minoru Yamasaki https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413420358 2021-04-13 18:25:34 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413420358 Dictionary Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413425514 a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society]]> 2021-04-13 18:26:37 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413425514 Compton Transit Center https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413426734 Anderson-Barker]]> 2021-04-13 18:26:52 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413426734 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413428051 the buying and renovation of houses and stores in deteriorated urban neighborhoods by upper- or middle-income families or individuals, raising property values but often displacing low-income families and small businesses]]> 2021-04-13 18:27:07 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413428051 Course Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413430408 - Group of individuals based on culture and customs that are influenced by location or native country
- Influenced by cultural modifiers such as geography, politics, religion, tradition, language, and beliefs]]> 2021-04-13 18:27:36 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413430408 Gyo Obata https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413433954 2021-04-13 18:28:21 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413433954 100 Above the Park https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413437840 Studio Gang, St. Louis, MO]]> 2021-04-13 18:29:08 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413437840 Reconstructions: Architecture and Blackness in America (MoMA Exhibition) https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413438125 Hear how Black architects and artists are reimagining the spaces of ten American cities.

Ten Featured Projects:
(1) Yolande Daniels. Black City: The Los Angeles Edition. 2020
(2) Felecia Davis. Fabricating Networks: Transmissions and
Receptions from Pittsburgh’s Hill District, Flower Antenna. 2020
(3) Mario Gooden. The Refusal of Space. 2020
(4) Amanda Williams. We’re Not Down There, We’re Over Here. 2020
(5) Sekou Cooke. We Outchea: Hip-Hop Fabrications and Public Space. 2020
(6) Germane Barnes. A Spectrum of Blackness: The Search for Sedimentation in Miami. 2020
(7) Emanuel Admassu. Immeasurablity. 2020
(8) Walter Hood. Black Towers/Black Power. 2020
(9) Olalekan Jeyifous. The Frozen Neighborhoods. 2020
(10) V. Mitch McEwen. White supremacy in architecture ]]> 2021-04-13 18:29:12 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413438125 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413439670 -depends on location

-visual assessment

-distinction between race and ethnicity

-has changed over time (Irish and Scottish people used to be discriminated against)

-comes with pre-determined (assumed) attributes

]]> 2021-04-13 18:29:27 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413439670 Robin Hood Gardens shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413440818 Alison and Peter Smithson, 1972

]]> 2021-04-13 18:29:41 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413440818 Enslaved Workers Memorial https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413442134 University of Virginia]]> 2021-04-13 18:29:58 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413442134 Course Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413442830 Initially referred to slavery. Now applies to attempts to dismantle practices or institutions, most commonly the carceral system which is implicitly identified as de facto slavery]]> 2021-04-13 18:30:07 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413442830 Studio Gang https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413444611 2021-04-13 18:30:29 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413444611 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413445013 Post-Reconstruction-era laws that separated African American people from everyone else.
enforced racial segregation ]]> 2021-04-13 18:30:35 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413445013 Definition brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413445609 The carceral system refers to the legal and social systems by which people are convicted, imprisoned, and released for violating laws in the United States. Although often seen as a vital part of the justice system, the carceral system has also been criticized for subjecting Americans to inhumane living conditions and severely curtailing their rights post-incarceration, as well as targeting certain demographics over others.]]> 2021-04-13 18:30:42 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413445609 Phil Freelon https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413447274 (Now Perkins + Will)]]> 2021-04-13 18:31:04 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413447274 Mabel Wilson https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413450772 2021-04-13 18:31:45 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413450772 Panopticon brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413451545 The Panopticon is a hypothetical prison design conceived by Jeremy Bentham in 1788, intended to put prisoners under (theoretically) constant surveillance, forcing them to alter their behaviors without direct interference from prison guards. Although no "true" Panopticon has been built and maintained for very long, it has been attempted many times and continues to influence modern prison design in the United States.]]> 2021-04-13 18:31:55 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413451545 Private Prisons brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413453808 2021-04-13 18:32:24 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413453808 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413456172 Distributing resources based on the needs of the recipients]]> 2021-04-13 18:32:51 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413456172 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413458369 a process where privately owned properties within a designated renewal area are purchased or taken by eminent domain by a municipal redevelopment authority, razed and then re-conveyed to selected developers who devote them to other uses]]> 2021-04-13 18:33:20 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413458369 "The challenge, then, is to devise a narrative line which can take account of racial changeability—to construct a drama whose first-act Celts, Slavs, and Ugro-Finns can reemerge as Caucasians before the final curtain, without diminishing either the power and the significance of that transformation for their ultimate social standing or the very real distinctions that had held sway and had structured their experience along the way." shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413459322 Matthew Frye Jacobson, "Epilogue." Whiteness of a different color: European immigrants and the alchemy of race. (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1998), 275.]]> 2021-04-13 18:33:33 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413459322 caste https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413462395 A category of person one is born into that carries its liabilities for one's entire life]]> 2021-04-13 18:34:12 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413462395 Busch Stadium https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413462661 Old Chinatown was purchased and destroyed specifically for the purpose of building this stadium displacing around 1,000 residents and closing dozens of local businesses. ]]> 2021-04-13 18:34:16 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413462661 code sometimes operates like caste shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413464747 The mark of low caste is treated like a contagion]]> 2021-04-13 18:34:44 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413464747 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413466466 A division based upon social or economic status]]> 2021-04-13 18:35:07 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413466466 shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413474659 Used now to refer to other kinds of structures of social bias too, for instance "digital Jim Crow"

]]> 2021-04-13 18:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413474659 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU) https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413475605 Michael Anderson's Proposal
AIA, NOMA]]> 2021-04-13 18:37:02 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413475605 Elijah Anderson, "white space" shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413479766 2021-04-13 18:37:57 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413479766 Panoptic Guard Tower at Stateville Prison https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413485921 Source: US Bureau of Prisons, 1949, p. 70]]> 2021-04-13 18:39:12 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413485921 Mary Holmes College Dormitories West Point, MS https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413503214 Bond Ryder Associates, 1970]]> 2021-04-13 18:43:09 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413503214 Chase Park Plaza https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413516954 2021-04-13 18:46:13 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413516954 John Moutoussamy shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413517158 2021-04-13 18:46:16 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413517158 Definition https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413518520 The ability to share and understand the feelings of someone different than yourself]]> 2021-04-13 18:46:34 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413518520 Marina City https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413526836 Chicago, IL
The Marina City complex was constructed between 1961 and 1968 at a cost of $36 million, financed to a large extent by Building Service Employees International Union, a union of building janitors and elevator operators, who sought to reverse the pattern of white flight from the city's downtown area.]]> 2021-04-13 18:48:27 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413526836 The Johnson Publishing Company https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413526990 Chicago, IL
The Johnson Publishing Company was the headquarters of Ebony and Jet, two of the most successful African American magazines of the time period. It has been described as an “epicenter of Black history and culture” and “a beacon of hope” for African Americans in the city. The building was the first African-American owned building in Chicago's downtown area and remains the only Chicago high-rise to be designed by an African-American.]]> 2021-04-13 18:48:29 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413526990 National Memorial for Peace and Justice https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413532823 Montgomery, Alabama

The National Memorial for Peace and Justice is a national memorial to commemorate the Black victims of lynching in the United States. 800 six foot monuments symbolize thousands of racial terror lynching victims in the US and the counties where these terrorisms took place. The names of the lynching victims are engraved on the columns.]]> 2021-04-13 18:49:51 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413532823 Norma Merrick Sklarek https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413538450 One of the First African
American Female Architects]]> 2021-04-13 18:51:10 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413538450 St. Louis Lambert International Airport shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413539098 Minoru Yamasaki, 1953–1956

]]> 2021-04-13 18:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413539098 Olalekan Jeyifous. The Frozen Neighborhoods. 2020 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413539106 2021-04-13 18:51:19 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413539106 Emanuel Admassu. Immeasurablity. 2020 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413541166 Part of the MoMA exhibition called Reconstructions: Architecture and Blackness in America.
An abstraction representing the black experience in Atlanta. Features a depiction of the mid-Atlantic ridge, where many black lives were lost; ambient sounds of Atlanta; bricks to represent fragments of the city; and collages showing overlap between the forest and everyday spaces where blackness as an identity is negotiated, represented by signs for Waffle House.]]> 2021-04-13 18:51:48 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413541166 Amanda Williams. We're Not Down There, We're Over Here. 2020. https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413545715 Part of the MoMA Exhibition Reconstructions, this piece by Amanda Williams represents and imagined vessel, made from items invented by African Americans, that transports the viewer to an imagined space.]]> 2021-04-13 18:52:52 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413545715 Black Towers/Black Power https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413546340 Walter Hood 2020]]> 2021-04-13 18:53:00 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413546340 Yolande Daniel. Black City: The Los Angeles Edition. 2020 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413547614 This project is an atlas that explores Black settlement in Los Angeles, from its founding by the Spanish to American occupation. Its intention is to represent the rich history of African Americans fighting to realize good things for themselves, their family, and for others.]]> 2021-04-13 18:53:17 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413547614 Sekou Cooke. We Outchea: Hip-Hop Fabrications and Public Space. 2020 brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413548291 In this work, Sekou Cooke appropriates a concrete stoop from Syracuse's 15th ward, a historically Black neighborhood. In doing so, Cooke sampling and remixing the history of the city through a Black perspective, reflecting on the history and destruction of Black communities in America and presenting a vision of what the future could look like for Black communities.]]> 2021-04-13 18:53:25 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413548291 modernism https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413551533 a philosophical movement and an art movement that arose from broad transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries]]> 2021-04-13 18:54:07 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413551533 modernism (in architecture) https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413558400 Design language with an emphasis on form rather than ornament; structure and materials rather than picturesque constructions; and the rational and efficient use of space.]]> 2021-04-13 18:55:43 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413558400 Felecia Davis. Fabricating Networks: Transmissions and Receptions from Pittsburgh’s Hill District, Flower Antenna. 2020 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413559415 The 1st is a transmission quilt that transmits tales about the Hill District in Pittsburgh, PA. The quilt is activated by contact and the modest speaker emits the stories about every single panel. This quilt is meant to be a seed to be produced in conjunction and in conversation with residents in the Hill District neighborhoods article the Covid-19 pandemic.

The second is a receiver or the Flower Antenna that is a receiver of invisible electromagnetic waves that outputs as sound the electromagnetic frequencies of people’s iPhones, and other equipment in MoMA’s gallery. This is a large-pitched tone. The pink copper cloth in one particular of the petals picks up the electromagnetic waves.

]]> 2021-04-13 18:55:58 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413559415 shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413568467 To promote equity is to insist on equal capacity to partake of resources as the standard, rather than the equal access to resources that is associated with "equality"]]> 2021-04-13 18:58:04 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413568467 One Hundred https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413616313 modern, but very high end, expensive apartments with good maintenance and rich clientele.]]> 2021-04-13 19:09:14 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413616313 Ponte City https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413624198 Manfred Hermer. 1975]]> 2021-04-13 19:11:07 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413624198 Ponte City https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413662558 Manfred Hermer. 1975.

Ponte City was a luxury residential tower built in Johannesburg, South Africa during apartheid. At the time of construction, the building's management would not rent to non-white people. Shortly after construction, the surrounding neighborhood became a hotspot for crime, and the building became a "vertical slum".]]> 2021-04-13 19:20:43 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413662558 Granby Liverpool Street https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413662939 The code marker of being born and living on this street was a negative marker of who you are and what you are capable of. But with the redesign and implementation of a production/income source the neighborhood is seen in a positive light and the code marker for the residents is a positive one. ]]> 2021-04-13 19:20:49 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413662939 Americana, Brazil brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413683347 Following the Civil War, Brazil was the only country in the Western hemisphere that allowed private slavery, causing many former members of the Confederacy to immigrate to Brazil in order to continue holding slaves. Here, the “Confederados” founded the city of Americana, whose buildings were heavily influenced by Neoclassical architecture. Following the abolition of slavery in Brazil in 1888, many of these American moved back to the United States, although many of them stayed on. Today, this history is manifested in the Festa Confederada, whose members claim that the legacy of the Confederacy is one of brotherhood, not slavery.]]> 2021-04-13 19:25:20 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413683347 One Hundred https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413693829 Studio Gang, St. Louis, MO
modern, but very high end, expensive apartments with good maintenance and rich clientele.

Intersection of perception and representation. We perceive the building to be architecturally good, but, the building represents social disparities within the city.]]> 2021-04-13 19:27:58 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413693829 Granby Greenhouse https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413698810 A New model for Urban Renewal?

Rather than a "Tabula Rasa" model seen in American Urban Renewal projects at the mid-century, Assemble's greenhouse project takes an existing building in ruin state and "renews" it with a new life as urban garden and social space.]]> 2021-04-13 19:29:14 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413698810 Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Non-Violent Social Change Atlanta, GA https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413709138 J. Max Bond choose materials for the memorial with black brick makers and builders in mind. The choose of brick acknowledges black culture in the Atlanta area. Creating a sense of pride within the community and continuing Martin Luther King Jr's message of equity. ]]> 2021-04-13 19:32:02 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413709138 Granby Liverpool https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413717221 The Land Bank model employed in Assemble's Granby Four Corners project in Liverpool works as a tool against gentrifying forces.]]> 2021-04-13 19:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413717221 Enslaved Laborers Memorial https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413756860 The memorial is an empathetic response towards the University's racially charged history by acknowledging through a built space it's part in slavery and the impact it has had on the community since. This built spaces gives visitors and residents of the city at large to come together and sit in and reflect on the racial conflict the University has perpetrated for two centuries. ]]> 2021-04-13 19:45:03 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413756860 Sumner High School brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413767128 2021-04-13 19:48:00 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413767128 Superkilen Park, Denmark brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413767445 2021-04-13 19:48:05 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413767445 Laclede Town brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413769023 2021-04-13 19:48:34 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413769023 Carrollton and Kinloch, MO brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413770199 Two neighborhoods both cleared to make room for Lambert Airport expansion.]]> 2021-04-13 19:48:54 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413770199 Americana, Brazil brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413793820 Following the Civil War, Brazil was the only country in the Western hemisphere that allowed private slavery, causing many former members of the Confederacy to immigrate to Brazil in order to continue holding slaves. Here, the “Confederados” founded the city of Americana, whose buildings were heavily influenced by Neoclassical architecture. Following the abolition of slavery in Brazil in 1888, many of these Americans moved back to the United States, although many of them stayed on and continued the legacy of the Confederacy. Today, this legacy is manifested in the Festa Confederada, whose members claim that the history of the Confederacy is one of brotherhood, not slavery.

However, the city of Americana is approximately 85% white, whereas Brazil is approximately 50% white nationally, raising questions of whether the legacy of white supremacy and segregationist policies still exist within the city. Brazil, historically, has had multiple issues with white supremacy; following the abolition of slavery, the Brazilian government attempted to persuade Italians to immigrate to their country in order to both solve the sudden labor shortage and “whiten” the Brazilian population. While those who organize the festival claim that it is about celebrating their Southern heritage, there remains an undercurrent of racial tension in the existence of Americana itself, which arguably makes both the city and the festival a white space.]]> 2021-04-13 19:55:32 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413793820 Lincoln Center https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413795492 1962.]]> 2021-04-13 19:55:58 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413795492 The Ville https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413800974 one of the few areas of St. Louis where African-Americans could own property. The Ville had become the culture for Black St. Louis.]]> 2021-04-13 19:57:33 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413800974 Laclede Town, St. Louis shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413807497 Laclede Town in St. Louis represents a blurring of social class. The development was comprised of 45% Black , 45% white, 5% artists & 5% international residents. Rent was income-adjusted, allowing for a universal degree of affordability. Children especially thrived, given both the architectural design strategies and the diversity of residents. Collapse of the community came with the collapse of social class diversity following the fall of Pruitt-Igoe.

]]> 2021-04-13 19:59:27 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413807497 Is Granby Four Streets, considered as a model that could be built elsewhere, "abolitionist"? shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413815259 2021-04-13 20:01:44 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413815259 National Memorial for Peace and Justice https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413825184 Montgomery, Alabama

]]> 2021-04-13 20:04:32 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413825184 National Memorial for Peace and Justice https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413827703 Montgomery, Alabama

The National Memorial for Peace and Justice is a national memorial to commemorate the Black victims of lynching in the United States. 800 six foot monuments symbolize thousands of racial terror lynching victims in the US and the counties where these terrorisms took place. The names of the lynching victims are engraved on the columns.]]> 2021-04-13 20:05:16 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413827703 National Memorial for Peace and Justice https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413828471 Montgomery, Alabama]]> 2021-04-13 20:05:32 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413828471 Understanding code as a mark, both inscribed & described by the conditions of the built environment. https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413856270
How may architectural design respond?]]> 2021-04-13 20:14:17 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413856270 Olalekan Jayifous - The Frozen Neighborhoods 2020 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413862327 Intersection of the reality of current social conditions for Blacks in America and the perceived conditions that would promote culture and growth in neglected neighborhoods]]> 2021-04-13 20:16:06 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413862327 modernity shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413919059 2021-04-13 20:34:45 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413919059 What is the opposite of "intersectional"? shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413926105 2021-04-13 20:37:13 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413926105 Fairground Park Pool https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413926275 Saint Louis
Fairground Park pool was the largest in the world. It had a diameter of 440 feet, almost one and a half times the length of a football field, and hosted between 10,000 and 12,000 swimmers per day.

For 37 years the pool provided an escape from the summer heat, but only for white patrons. In 1949, St. Louis city officials decided to open the pool to the city’s black residents in response to a federal court’s holding that prohibiting blacks from using public golf courses was a violation of the 14^th amendment

]]> 2021-04-13 20:37:17 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413926275 Sekou Cooke. We Outchea: Hip-Hop Fabrications and Public Space. 2020 brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413931774 In this work, Sekou Cooke appropriates a concrete stoop from Syracuse's 15th ward, a historically Black neighborhood. In doing so, Cooke sampling and remixing the history of the city through a Black perspective, reflecting on the history and destruction of Black communities in America and presenting a vision of what the future could look like for Black communities.]]> 2021-04-13 20:39:11 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413931774 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413933658 2021-04-13 20:39:51 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413933658 Carrollton and Kinloch, MO brentwoodgray https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413945303 Carrollton and Kinloch were two neighborhoods that were both demolished to accommodate a planned expansion of Lambert Airport. However, Carrollton was a historically white suburb whereas Kinloch was a historically poor and Black suburb of St. Louis. At first, Kinloch was a white neighborhood; however, as Black residents began moving into the area, white residents fled to the surrounding municipality of Berkeley, moving much of Kinloch’s tax base to outside of the suburb. As such, Kinloch began to suffer from, and could not afford basic services such as sewers and stop signs until the federal government intervened in the 1960s. , and the neighborhood lost 75% of its population in the following decade.

]]> 2021-04-13 20:44:02 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413945303 Lafayette Square https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413948702 A neighborhood in St. Louis that was on the list for urban renewal and demolition but was saved through private ownership that ultimately allowed for a historical neighborhood title that allowed for upper-middle class residents to dictate who and what was allowed in the neighborhood including residents, architectural features, restaurants, and Lafayette Park. ]]> 2021-04-13 20:45:13 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413948702 Should we combine equity with gentrification? shantelblakely https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413949433 2021-04-13 20:45:28 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413949433 Ebony/ Jet Luxury Apartment Conversion https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413953944 What once stood as a monument to proud blackness, the Ebony-Jet HQ is now re-used as a luxury apartment building in Chicago's fashionable South Loop neighborhood which is now predominantly white and upper-income. ]]> 2021-04-13 20:47:11 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1413953944 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1414088686 How does the choice of brick acknowledge black culture in Atlanta?]]> 2021-04-13 21:43:56 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1414088686 Should we include the AIA updated code of ethics? I could be interesting to address the ethical concerns that come with designing prisons, execution or torture spaces, or solitary confinement spaces. Also, it might be interesting to include a restorative justice center as a case study https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1428686189 2021-04-17 19:24:38 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1428686189 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439245448 Skilled Black Brick Layers are being acknowledge, this brick style is found throughout the city of Atlanta which was also completed by African Americans Brick Layers.]]> 2021-04-20 17:55:30 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439245448 Is there a way to honor ethnic diversity in neighborhoods without segregation and gentrification? https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439312073 2021-04-20 18:08:27 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439312073 https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439312631 How can we ensure that efforts to renew urban areas are carried out in a way that uplifts communities rather than erases them?]]> 2021-04-20 18:08:33 UTC https://padlet.com/shantelblakely/oy7guaeu1tvu4v9t/wish/1439312631