Rejection of perfectionism in proportions of the High Renaissance, more emphasis on gesture, elegance, vibes, if you will. Mary is huge, her neck is long, her head is small but her hips are wide, the man in the back is so small. Colonnade lined up, it just looks like a wall.

Liberty personified as a woman, exposed breasts are a reference to classical sculpture. pyramidal composition. victory and also violence and death. the people in the bottom of the painting are foreshortened into the viewers space.

The title was originally from a critic, and stuck, and is the namesake of the movement. a moment in time, color theory, complimentary colors.

sacra conversazione

sacra conversazione

Made to show off in hopes of getting papal commissions. frame of the piece is seen in the piece. lines curve around his face, hand is in the foreground

Michelangelo commissioned later to paint altar wall in Sistine chapel, and takes a more Manneristic approach. Bodies are exaggerated, overly muscular, slightly disproportioned. St. Bartholomew is holding skin, which is painted after the likeness of Michelangelo himself, perhaps referencing pessimism for his own soul.

started out as a last supper painting. more emphasis on architecture and figures than the spiritual implications of the last supper. one point perspective, figures in front are wearing contemporary clothing. Reformation and counter-reformation influenced the tone of this piece. artist went to trial with the Inquisition for this piece & it's disrespectful elements

unlike other last supper paintings, the perspective is askew, it's very dark, it has angels depicted in the smoke, everyday figures surround the scene

Altarpiece in a hospital. patients often had limbs amputated, and Christs legs and arm are separated when you open the piece. Inside has annunciation, madonna and child, and christ's resurrection.

things that are still classical: engaged columns, triglyphs and metopes, archway

things that are not classical: pediments w no columns, pointless keystones, decorative niches w nothing in them, flat rooftop

Inconsistent fabric textures, guy holding christ isn't supported by anything. expressive gestures, complex composition, meandering composition

exaggerated and disproportionate anatomy, circular composition, complex, unstable footing

elegant gestures, viewer is positioned below him, lavish clothing and style, bare walls and masks are hidden throughout the painting

Zeus disguises himself as a bull who beguiles Europa. Paint strokes are left intentionally.

artist was commissioned to paint French ambassadors, wanted to portray religion but iconoclasm was a big thing and so the symbols are hidden. skull is heavily distorted, can only be seen from an angle. items on upper shelf are celestial studies, astronomy and mathematics, and lower shelf are worldly disciplines like music and geography. tile is the same as Westminster abbey in London, which is another christian symbol

portrait of king Henry VIII for his marriage to whoever, starts with a C. full frontal, elaborate clothing, text lined up with eyes. hat balances composition and makes him look big.

genre scene. painting for open market. lots of christian symbols, the flight to Egypt in background, fish positioned in a cross shape symbolizes lent, symbolic of christ.

artist favored landscape art, mountains resemble Alps. atmospheric perspective. hunters and dogs show hardships of winter, they are only carrying a rabbit. the lower valley shows festivities of winter, with ice skating.

wealthy people commissioned this piece because they and the artist were fascinated by the lives of peasants. the bride wears a paper crown in front of the green backdrop, and doesn't partake of the food.

David from the Bible, caught in action, a moment in time, about to throw the stone, intense facial expression, shapes crossing the body and disrupting the silhouette.

sculpture inspired by a vision Saint Teresa had , where a flaming angel pierced her body with a spear several time, leaving her with a pain that felt like enlightenment. he utilizes the whole space in the chapel with relief sculptures, architecture, and painting.

piazza, counter-reformation, used to inspire belief in catholics. the long walls are supposed to be the "motherly arms of the church". ovals and trapezoids used in planning, more dynamic. features fountains and an Egyptian obelisk in the center of the oval.

Columns/pilasters varying in distance, colossal order. facade done by Maderno, colonnade done by Bernini. Colonnade is an oval instead of a circle

counter-reformation. Christ calling Matthew, who sits with other tax collectors, and Peter stands in front of Jesus. figures wear contemporary clothing. Christ's arm gesture resembles God in Creation of Adam, but the hand looks like Adams, a reference to Christ being the second Adam. Which figure is Matthew is actually open to interpretation. tenebrism, strong contrast of light and dark characteristic of the Baroque

counter-reformation. tenebrism.

counter-reformation. tenebrism.

apocrypha story, book of Judith. Judith beheading the drunken Holofernes before her maidservant puts it in a bag to escape the camp.

Italy, oil

more struggle, more complex poses, Judith's sleeves rolled up. maidservant helping.

Gentileschi painting herself painting, as the allegorical embodiment of "painting"

placed in crossing in St. Peters, St. Peter supposed to be buried below. Right under dome. Spiral columns mimics that of baldachino in Old St. Peters

baroque style, sculptural and curved/wavy surface. movement, dynamic. Inside, shapes straw away from circles and squares.

energy and movement

dynamic balance (diagonals, curves, counter curves)

high contrast

emotion

element of time

viewer involvement

naturalism of high renaissance.

Tenebrism, motion in line of vegetables and lots of potential energy. dramatic lighting. Produce hanging off edge.

Subject is Valezquez's slave, he was commissioned to paint the pope, and Velazquez was practicing before doing that. Pareja was later made free by Velazquez and became an artist himself. Loose brushstrokes, painterly, very lifelike

High status subjects, Royal family of Spain, princess in center, king and queen in mirror, Velazquez painting alongside them. linear perspective. complex portrait painting, almost a genre scene. art collection hanging on walls. contrast, family dog, usage of space with perspective and lighting.

princess in focal point is the hope of the royal family, being their only surviving child. Cross painted on Velazquez was painted on after his death, as a symbol of Knighthood

has historical/ mythological elements like Venus statue and Cythera, but contemporary elements as well, not completely historical, not exactly a genre scene because it isn't a real setting either.

little yappy dog. statue shushing dog. very lush, allusions to love through statues.

aristocratic tastes

conspicuous leisure

pastel colors

subjects or love, flirtation

fantasy

private, intimate scenes

lush landscapes

mask on top of hat is a clue that this is in Venice. aristocratic.

oil painting, artist did lots of these paintings. painting of working people, for the aristocracy. made with a camera obscura

portrait (because landscapes weren't popular in England yet), subjects put in landscape. showing off farm. lush landscape, aristocratic, conspicuous leisure time.

print version could be mass produced

Jacques-Louis David was a student of Boucher. tight brushstrokes, very detailed. commissioned by the king. Roman story. championship warfare between Alba and Rome. Father taking oath, giving soldiers swords, and women are sad because their husbands or brothers are gonna die. Planarity (subjects in a line as if on a stage)Linearity emphasized with tight brushstrokes, strong lines. sculptural forms. classical architecture and dress. serious subject with moral. Austere.

exoticism / orientalism

supernatural elements, fantasy, dreams

violence / horrific themes

longing for the past

intense emotion, passion

nationalism expressed through a return to ones roots

(can have tight or loose brushwork)

planarity

linearity

tight brushwork

even lighting

sculptural forms

classical architecture & dress

serious subjects with a moral

strong hero figure

austerity and reduction of form

nationalism expressed through patriotism.

story of Cornelia showing her children as her "jewels" after vain women were showing off their riches.

the medusa was one ship in a fleet, which capsized and the life boats were taken by upper class people, and this makeshift raft is where the settlers ended up. the raft was abandoned by the people on lifeboats. dynamic composition, rotting and limp bodies, hope vs. despair, waving down a ship on the horizon.

Propaganda piece, Napoleon visiting people in Jaffa with the plague, likening him to Christ, he is immune from sickness and unphased by the stench. linear perspective. exoticism.

Greek families awaiting death or slavery by the Ottoman Empire. early usage of colored shadows, some arbitrary color.

PR for aristocrats amidst the French Revolution.

loose brushstrokes

awkward family photo. Goya's opinion of Charles IV reflects in the painting, woman is turned away, old woman with birthmark

Spanish citizens executed by French soldiers. mood completely different than Oath of the Horatii. Subject is not a hero, but a victim. Shows the horrors or war, instead of the valor. Massacre for no reason.

King Sardarapalus ordering the death of everything he finds pleasurable (women, horses, etc). Figures are writhing in serpentine motions. violent themes.

Stour river, hay wain (cart), recalls Dutch landscape style. nostalgic. "unrendered" brushstrokes, which was not as widely accepted in the academy.

Highly rendered, tight brushwork. Satin blue dress texture contrasts the softness of the skin. the anatomy is abstracted slightly, in the wrist and arm, and in the length of her neck, and the size of her eyes.

exotic, over the top, tight brushwork, callback to altarpiece of God on His throne

Delacroix makes a trip to Algiers on a diplomatic mission, goes to a harem (which means women's house back then) and paints the women. shows the oriental architecture and style.

real life, ordinary people

neither dramatized nor idealized

champion laborers and common people

only divine reference is in the crucifix. individuals are very lonely looking, no interaction. attention on grave digger.

genre scene, large painting, every day people and dress, nothing idealized.

it was scandalous that a contemporary woman was nude (she took her clothes off) with men who were clothed. the woman is very flat, not very modeled, she is staring at the viewer. space is compressed. criticized for being "unfinished". Rejected from salon show, partially due to how many entries there were. Napoleon III opened another salon show to show the overflow entries, and this piece was shown in that.

modern subject, modern architecture. mixing of classes. pure color, pure light, objects become hazy and slightly unclear. not put in salon, put in impressionist exhibition. urban landscape, Monet's fave.

Monet painted over 30 paintings of the Rouen Cathedral, at different times of day and in different lighting. Fleeting moments is the exact subject of the paintings. perhaps a sense of nationalism in France.

fleeting moment, leisure. third impressionist exhibition, not salon. focal point is meandering, not one clear subject. loose brushwork, colorful. sense of the arbitrary, as if a photo was taken without choreography.

on-the-spot outdoor scenes

fleeting moments, impermanence

atmosphere, light, colored shadow

modern urban life, leisure activities

upper middle class, nouveau riche

times of the day / year

look of ukiyo-e

looked to early renaissance and gothic art (before Raphael) as pure genuine art.

depict "truth" by close observation of nature and details

rich pure color on a white ground

includes symbolism

literature subject matter, especially the bible, Shakespeare, and Arthurian legends

fleeting subject matter, Birds-Eye view, clear and sharp lines

interesting angels, gradients, flat colors

big influence to the impressionist style

compressed space, when objects are shown very close to us

scenes are often not from a comprehensive angel, objects are often cut off

impressionist colors, outdoor leisure, mixed classes. differs from impressionism in stiffness of composition & poses, stark / clean lines, unblended / optical blending.

pattern and outline inspired by ukiyo-e. Inspired by byzantine mosaics, art of Ravenna. Critics take a "femme fatale" approach, others see it as an eternal union, romantic. vines are growing over their legs, could suggest permanence. Woman is curvilinear, her patterns are organic and curvilinear. Man is more linear, his patterns have more straight lines, complimenting the curved patterns.

love of nature and plants, medieval influence with interlacing and symmetry. tapestry-like design. strong outline. elegance, natural looking organic forms.

motion, sleekness of a bird diving

man on a dock playing guitar. minimal color to not distract you from form.

circle is placed on top, contradictory to it being a hole. wine glass is analytic cubism style. musical notation is completely abstract, are nonsense until they are learned. wood-textured paper is hand-painted.

inspired by a photography series. Duchamp is inspired by technology, likes to incorporate it into his work. was not well received.

"ready-mades"

questioning fundamentals of what art is. Can art be an idea? How much does the artist have to transform? reminiscent of a mill, a spinning wheel, something.

deep connection between the animal and the person. folk art, recounts artists hometown and childhood. scythe could indicate death, tree could indicate life.

Der Blaue Reiter, west Germany. inspired by folk art, Egyptian art, children's art. looks for spirituality or universal truths.

focused on absurdity, element of chance

enlightenment value of logic and reason only lead to war

challenged status quo in art, culture, etc

"their brains are empty"

randomness, dream state

juxtaposition of unrelated objects

exploration of the subconscious mind

dream images

stream of consciousness

"biomorphic forms" said he was depicting hallucinations from hunger. primitive look. flat shapes, lines on "planes"

paintings are only ever representations of things, never truly what they are depicting

hard and soft edges, soft modeling and shading and transition of colors. inspired by close-up photography, which was new at the time.

tightly and cleanly rendered, reflects the nature of the figures. hard working people, farmers. they look religious, religious Americans dress simply, similar to puritans. subliminal crosses all over the place. houses roof is similar to steeple, steeple in background.

influenced by cubism, simplification, reduction. Lawrence wanted his drawings to have impact, so he opted for a simplified style. Used tempera, not easily blended.

bus accident at age 17 caused pain for the rest of her life. Old fashioned dress. organs being outside the body, reference to surgeries.

Left Frida is more European style, referring to her fathers side. Left Frida references her mothers side, which is Native American and creole. holding locket of her husband at a time when they had just divorced. They remarried.

showing American life for what it is. subconsciously showing the loneliness that occurs in busy cities. subjects are separated from us, and relatively separated from each other. late at night, time to go home.

soft edge, floating shaped, cloud-like. interest only in expressing basic human emotions.

"universal truth"

not necessarily art for arts sake. the universe is held together in perfect balance. this style was the result of years of trying to eliminate space in his artwork.

synthetic cubism: building up images, use of collage, "real" vs. illusion

easy to define

a term just for art

a unified group

form over function

borrows from the past

local

appropriation (stealing to make a point)

skepticism

personalized

meaning over form

fabrication

cynical

multicultural

globalization

pluralism of style, no neat order (artists doing many types of art)

denies fixed structure or logic

denies existence of truth

emphasis on collaboration

questions rules of modernism