Module 8 Biology Assignment by https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg Journey of a chicken parmesan en-us 2019-04-12 03:03:17 UTC 2026-01-20 16:42:24 UTC hello@padlet.com https://imgglb.padletcdn.com/v13/image?t=g_auto&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpadlet.net%2Ficons%2Fpng%2F1f37d.png About me tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351033904 Hello there! I am a piece of chicken parmesan, about to embark on a dangerous, life threatening, but important journey through a digestive system. I will probably die in the end, but my protein (from chicken), lipids (from the parmesan cheese), and carbohydrates (from the chicken breading) will live on, through the being of the person consuming me. Join me as I travel through this journey!]]> 2019-04-12 03:23:42 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351033904 I N G E S T I O N tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351034533 2019-04-12 03:28:34 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351034533 Entering the mouth tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351034585 Wowee, this is a pretty cool place to be! I just got stabbed with a fork and am proceeding to get chomped up by some teeth here. Teeth are an important structure in the mouth, bones that through chewing help break down food like me physically, a process called mastication. ]]> 2019-04-12 03:28:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351034585 Inside the mouth tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351035023 As I am getting pulverized by the teeth, something else is helping break me down for digestion. The salivary glands produce a liquid called saliva, which has a broad range of helpful functions. This saliva contains enzymes that help break down food, and mucus that helps lubricate food. Salivary Amylase is a particular enzyme that breaks down starches (Saccharides) into maltose (disaccharides). ]]> 2019-04-12 03:32:49 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351035023 Exiting the mouth tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351036053 Well, I'm almost ready to go down... gulp (pun not intended). This massive muscle inside the mouth here called the tongue, helps roll me up into a bolus. When the human swallows me, the soft palate prevents me from going into the nasal passage. The epiglottis prevents me from entering the trachea, and then the pharynx (an important part of the mouth) helps push me on down into the esophagus. Smooth sailing ahead!  ]]> 2019-04-12 03:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351036053 The Esophagus tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351037480 Wow it's a crazy world here in the esophagus! This cool process called Peristalsis helps push me on down through muscle contractions. The esophogus is also secreting mucus (MORE MUCUS?? gross) so that I can go down smoother and so that the human doesn't choke in the process. The main function of the esophogus is to transport me down to the stomach, so you can see why these two functions are so important in doing that!


]]> 2019-04-12 03:51:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351037480 D I G E S T I O N tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351038912 2019-04-12 04:02:58 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351038912 The Stomach tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351039059 So I made it to the stomach. The gastroesophageal sphincter relaxed and let me come on in, but it tightened again so I couldn't get back out. I guess I'm trapped! Anywho, this looks like a large, stretchy, J shaped organ which is probably where I'll start to be digested...well some of me. The stomach won't digest my carbs and lipids, but it will start to digest the proteins from the chicken part of me. It does this by using gastral juice (secreted by the mucosa, the inner layer of the stomach). The third layer in the stomach is the muscular layer which starts churning me around, mixing me with the gastral juice, turning me into chyme. How cool! Wait a second, we need to back up a little bit. What's REALLY helping me digest here? Well, there's a hormone released called gastrin, and it basically stimulates the gastral juice, which is why the gastral juice gets released in the first place. This juice is very acidic, with a pH of 2.0-3.0. Just in case I carried in some harmful bacteria, the acidic makeup of the gastral juice will help kill that off. However lots of this gastral juice is mucus, which helps protect the stomach from the harsh acids. HCl (hydrochloride) is also found in gastral juice. This helps activate the inactive enzyme pepsinogen to active pepsin. Humans are lucky the gastral glands don't make active pepsin... or else the stomach would digest itself. Anyways. THIS is where my protein starts to break down -- the pepsin helps break my chicken proteins into their separate amino acids to help make things simpler for what happens next.]]> 2019-04-12 04:03:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351039059 Digestion in the small intestine tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351041740 Alright! So the stomach has basically pre-digested me (or prepped me for digestion) and now it's time for my chyme mix to start slowly and steadily entering the first part of the small intestine. The pyloric sphincter is what steadily releases this chyme from the stomach into the small intestine. There are 3 parts of the small intestine, the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The duodenum -- the first part of the small intestine -- is where the real digestion begins. Most of the enzymes I need to fully digest are added to me here. One of these enzymes, erepsin, is found right in the small intestine, and helps produce amino acids from proteins. All these enzymes however require inputs from the pancreas, gall bladder, and the liver. These organs are each ESSENTIAL for digestion to happen in the small intestine.

 The pancreas is a gland between the stomach and the duodenum, and it secretes amylase which continues to break down the carbohydrates. A hormone called CCK (from the duodenum) activates the pancreas to secrete a lot of different enzymes and substances to control the pH levels of the intestine to aid in digesting lipids and carbs. This hormone also tells the stomach that it needs to slow down its pre-digestion so that all of the chyme currently in the small intestine can be digested appropriately and effectively. Lipase is also produced in the pancreas, and it helps the hydrolysis and breaking down of fats.

The liver and the gall bladder also aid in digesting my little chicken parmesan self! (Well, sadly I'm more like chemical soup at this point :( oh well). The small intestine has a chemical called prosecretin, which is activated to secretin when the chyme mix enters the intestine. This will signal the liver to make more bile. This is secreted to help PULVERIZE AND BREAK DOWN FATS! This is super important because this is essential in properly digesting fats. The gall bladder holds this bile from the liver, and then transports it into the duodenum at the right time through the bile duct. However, Secretin mostly stimulates bicarbonate ions which neutralize the acidity of chyme, and inactivate pepsin.

Since Pepsin is inactivated, other enzymes have to continue to digest the proteins. This is done by trypsin. Trypsinogen is released by the pancreas, and then activated to trypsin through enterokinase (an enzyme) once the trypsinogen reaches the duodenum.  


]]> 2019-04-12 04:31:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351041740 A B S O R P T I O N tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351045107 2019-04-12 05:05:57 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351045107 Absorption in the small intestine tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351045147 Absorption of my nutrients occurs at the middle and end sections of the small intestines. The villi and microvilli in the small intestine increases the surface area, allowing more nutrients to be absorbed. Nutrients are transported to the villi throughout the jejunum and ileum parts of the small intestine through active or passive transport. Passive transport uses diffusion or osmosis, whereas active transport will use energy from the cells to physically move these nutrients. These villi are connected to extensive networks of small capillary systems which transport digested nutrients into the bloodstream, and the rest of the body. Along with carbs, lipids, and proteins, vitamins and minerals are also absorbed. ]]> 2019-04-12 05:06:19 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351045147 Liver tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046396 2019-04-12 05:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046396 Pancreas tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046418 2019-04-12 05:16:10 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046418 Gall Bladder tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046436 2019-04-12 05:16:26 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046436 E G E S T I O N tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046541 2019-04-12 05:17:09 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046541 The Large Intestine tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046599 Now that I've been basically fully digested and absorbed, it's time for the rest of me, the waste, to say goodbye to my human friend. This happens through the parts of the large intestine called the colon, and the anus. Since most of the water has been absorbed, a soft solid forms called feces, and is pushed out through the colon, and out of the anus. This is mostly made up of fibre and cellulose. And that is where I must leave you. I'm finally all disassembled, digested, and absorbed. Thank you for coming on this journey with me, and I bid you farewell, never to be seen again. - The chicken parmesan ]]> 2019-04-12 05:17:38 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046599 Absorption in the large intestine tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046875 There is still some absorption that will happen in the large intestine too. Remaining water is absorbed through osmosis. Vitamins, minerals, and gases are also absorbed through the large intestine. The remainder that cannot be absorbed is secreted through gas, or waste.]]> 2019-04-12 05:20:30 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351046875 W O R K S C I T E D tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047353 2019-04-12 05:25:51 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047353 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047944 2019-04-12 05:32:42 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047944 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047991 2019-04-12 05:33:21 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351047991 Ref 1 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048154 “Human Mouth Images.” Shutterstock, www.shutterstock.com/search/human mouth.



]]> 2019-04-12 05:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048154 Ref 2 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048187 “Digestive System (Anatomy): How It Works.” WebMD, WebMD, www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/your-digestive-system#1.




]]> 2019-04-12 05:35:59 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048187 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048260 2019-04-12 05:36:47 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048260 Ref 3 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048434 “Mouth Images.” Shutterstock, www.shutterstock.com/search/mouth.

*All other images taken from google search through padlet*


]]> 2019-04-12 05:39:13 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048434 tlaweber451 https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048498 2019-04-12 05:40:05 UTC https://padlet.com/tlaweber451/oxw8xpoyumqg/wish/351048498