Vocab Padlet - American History by Chloe Rich _ Student - GreenLevelHS

Civilization

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a group of people with their own languages and way of life

Mercantilism

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an economic system used by European empires between 1500 and 1800

Columbian Exchange

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the process by which plants, animals, diseases, people, and ideas have been introduced from Europe, Asia, and Africa to the Americas and vice versa

Indentured Servant

cmrich2 — 2024-01-26 18:47:57 UTC

a form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan within a certain timeframe

Chattel Slavery

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the most common form of slavery known to Americans

Puritans

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English Protestants who believed that the reforms of the Church of England did not go far enough

Triangular Trade

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the three-legged route that made up the Atlantic slave trade

Encomienda System

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formal system of forced labor in Spanish colonies in Latin America and the Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and colonization

Southern Colonies

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made up of the colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Middle Colonies

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The Middle Colonies were a subset of the Thirteen Colonies in British America, located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies

New England Colonies

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The New England colonies were the northernmost of the colonies: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.

Proclamation Line of 1763

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a British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide

Patriot

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a person who loves his or her country and is ready to boldly support and defend it

Tory

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an American colonist who supported the British side during the American Revolution

Articles of Confederation

cmrich2 — 2024-02-07 17:33:37 UTC

The original constitution of the US, ratified in 1781, which was replaced by the US Constitution in 1789.

Federalists

cmrich2 — 2024-02-07 17:35:01 UTC

a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority.

Anti Federalists

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a person who opposed the adoption of the U.S. Constitution

Enlightenment

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the state of having knowledge or understanding

Albany Plan of Union

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a plan to place the British North American colonies under a more centralized government

Northwest Ordinance

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The Northwest Ordinance, enacted July 13, 1787, was an organic act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States

Newburgh Conspiracy

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The Newburgh Conspiracy was a failed apparent threat by leaders of the Continental Army in March 1783, at the end of the American Revolutionary War

Great Compromise

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an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution

Three-Fifths Compromise

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The Three-Fifths Compromise was reached among state delegates during the 1787 Constitutional Convention. It determined that three out of every five slaves was counted when determining a state's total population for legislative representation and taxation

Salutary Neglect

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the unofficial British policy where parliamentary rules and laws were loosely or not enforced on the American colonies and trade

Steam Engine

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:42:20 UTC

A machine that turns the energy released by burning fuel into motion

Political Party

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Group of persons organized to acquire and exercise political power

Factory System

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Manufacturing businesses first created in the late eighteenth century that concentrated all aspects of production under one roof, reorganized production and divided work. The key aspect was that it was under one roof and had specialized tasks. Made the production faster and more efficient.

Impressment

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:45:49 UTC

The British forcibly enlisted thousands of American men into the Royal Navy from passing ships, and refused to recognize that Americans had renounced their British citizenship

Marbury v. Madison

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:46:10 UTC

Landmark 1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice John Marshall established the principle of Judicial Review, which grants the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

Canals

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Human-made waterways connecting natural bodies of water, very important for early travel

Interchangeable Parts

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Uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

Temperance Movement

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:47:13 UTC

Movement dedicated to promoting moderation and, more often, complete abstinence in the use of alcohol

Monroe Doctrine

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Warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

Abolition Movement

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Campaign to end slavery

Telegraph

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:49:09 UTC

Machine invented by Samuel Morse that used a system of dots and dashes to send messages across long distances electronically through a wire. It connected the different hemispheres of the world, allowing for more communication between people.

Women's Rights Movement

cmrich2 — 2024-03-01 00:49:29 UTC

The fight for the suffrage (voting) for half of the population

Democratic Party

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Pro Slavery, favored secession from Union, States' rights, agrarian-oriented, opposed gold standard, supported lowering tariff, and opposed imperialism in 1890s

Cotton Gin

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Eli Whitney’s 1793 invention that dramatically improved the speed for processing cotton, changing the trajectory of cotton production in the United States

Whigs

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Opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies, but promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.

Manifest Destiny

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:10:48 UTC

19th century belief that Americans had the God given right to spread across the whole continent

Compromise of 1850

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:11:11 UTC

Henry Clay introduced a series of resolutions in an attempt to seek a compromise and avert a crisis between North and South, this included that the Fugitive Slave Act was amended, the slave trade in Washington, D.C. was abolished, California entered the Union as a free state, a territorial government was created in Utah, and an act was passed settling a boundary dispute between Texas and New Mexico that also established a territorial government in New Mexico

Kansas-Nebraska Act

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:11:39 UTC

Passed by the U.S. Congress on May 30, 1854. It allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. The Act served to repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 which prohibited slavery north of latitude 36°30´

Popular Sovereignty

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People of a territory should themselves decide the issue of slavery

Fugitive Slave Act

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Required that slaves be returned to their owners, even if they were in a free state

Sectionalism

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Loyalty or support of a particular region or section of the nation, rather than the United States as a whole

Secession

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When a state attempts to secede from, or leave, the nation it was once a part of

Union

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:13:30 UTC

Northern half of the country, a group of states that were generally anti-slavery

Confederacy

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:13:55 UTC

Southern half of the country, a group of states trying to separate over the issue of slavery

Thirteenth Amendment

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Freed all slaves and abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States

Fourteenth Amendment

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Granted African Americans citizenship and equal protection under the law

Fifteenth Amendment

cmrich2 — 2024-03-19 01:14:55 UTC

Granted African American men voting rights

Capitalism

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:52:18 UTC

A system of economic production based on the private ownership of property and the contractual exchange for profit of goods, labor, and money

Cornelius Vanderbilt

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The railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical

Andrew Carnegie

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:53:03 UTC

Known as the steel king; he integrated every phase of his steel-making operation.He pioneered "Vertical Integration" to improve efficiency by controlling the quality of the product at all stages of production and eliminating the middleman

John D. Rockefeller

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:53:21 UTC

A man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled 95% of all of the refineries in the United States

JP Morgan

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:53:41 UTC

A banker who financed the reorganization of railroads, insurance companies, and banks. He bought out Carnegie and in 1901 he started the United States Steel Corporation

Titans of Industry

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:54:21 UTC

Positive name for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age, implying that they helped the United States become strong through their business pursuits

Robber Barons

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:54:38 UTC

Negative term for wealthy business owners during the Gilded Age who made fortunes by monopolizing huge industries through unethical business practices

Unions

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:55:04 UTC

An organized group of workers that use collective bargaining to improve working conditions

Migration

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:55:25 UTC

Patterns of movement across the country, including waves of new immigrants and formerly enslaved people moving toward urban centers

Gilded Age

cmrich2 — 2024-04-08 13:55:53 UTC

The age between the Civil War and WWI when the American economy grew rapidly and individuals were able to use monopolies to amass great wealth

Social Darwinism

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The idea that the wealthy and powerful were naturally superior and deserved their success

Gospel of Wealth

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The idea that extremely wealthy Americans had a responsibility to spend their money in order to benefit the greater good.

Muckraking

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When writers sought to expose corruption in big business and government

Women’s Suffrage

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:18:18 UTC

The campaign to allow female voters

Prohibition

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:22:39 UTC

The prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol between 1920 and 1933

Isolationism

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:23:10 UTC

The traditional belief that the United States should refrain from involvement in overseas politics, alliances, or wars, and confine its national security interest to its own borders

Imperialism

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:23:38 UTC

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically

Alfred Thayer Mahan

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:24:01 UTC

A captain and admiral in the Navy who was a prominent supporter of Imperialism

Open Door Policy

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:24:21 UTC

The principle that all countries should have equal access to any of the ports open to trade in China

Militarism

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:24:41 UTC

The political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.

Nationalism

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:25:00 UTC

Political ideology that stresses people's membership in a nation

League of Nations

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:25:19 UTC

International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. Sometimes considered a precursor to the modern UN.

Treaty of Versailles

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:25:39 UTC

The resolution to WWI that squarely blamed Germany by demanding billions in reparations and destroying German military infrastructure

Great Migration

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:25:59 UTC

The movement of African Americans from the South to the industrial centers of the Northeast and the Midwest.

Zimmerman Telegram

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:26:22 UTC

A message from Germany to Mexico—decoded and shared by the British—that urged Mexico to invade the US to keep the US occupied in exchange for German support for Mexico taking back parts of the Mexican Cession

Stocks on margin

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:26:53 UTC

The practice of allowing investors to purchase a stock for only a fraction of its price and borrow the rest at high interest rates

Tariffs

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:27:15 UTC

Tax on imports

3 Rs

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:27:52 UTC

A popular way to describe the New Deal, referring to relief, recovery, and reform

Island Hopping

cmrich2 — 2024-04-24 01:28:22 UTC

American military strategy in WWII to slowly claim territory across the Pacific, leading to the eventual defeat of Japan

Great Society

cmrich2 — 2024-05-17 17:27:50 UTC

Created by President LBJ to improve the social welfare safety net in the USA.

United Nations

cmrich2 — 2024-05-17 17:28:39 UTC

Successor to the League of Nations. Exists to solve the world’s political problems.

Atomic Bombs

cmrich2 — 2024-05-17 17:29:06 UTC

Significantly more powerful than past weapons. First used in Hiroshima.

Domino Theory

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Belief that if one country becomes Communist its neighbors would also become communist.

Warsaw Pact

cmrich2 — 2024-05-17 17:30:11 UTC

Military alliance between countries in Eastern Europe and the USSR.

Nuclear Weapons

cmrich2 — 2024-05-17 17:32:20 UTC

Vastly more powerful than atomic bombs. Capable of destroying entire cities and permanently irradiating countries.

Holocaust

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:32:37 UTC

The death and destruction of six million jews and five million other people by the Nazis during WWII.

NATO

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:33:36 UTC

Military alliance primarily between the USA and Western Europe.

International Organizations

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:34:08 UTC

Globally centered groups that try to solve world problems.

Iron Curtain

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:34:33 UTC

Named by Winston Churchill. This is the metaphorical demarcation between communism and democracy in Europe.

Mutually Assured Destruction

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:34:56 UTC

Theory that if one country uses nuclear weapons other countries will use them as well effectively ending the world as we know it.

Brown v. Board

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:35:23 UTC

Supreme Court Case that ended the segregation of schools.

Bretton Woods System

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:36:09 UTC

Created the World Bank and IMF to solve the world’s economic problems.

Containment

cmrich2 — 2024-05-28 11:37:14 UTC

Theory that communism must be prevented from spreading to other countries and that the USA must use military force to stop it if necessary.