the goal:

Developing a smart system to monitor air quality and alert users of pollution.

team:

project manager

Electronics engineer

Software developer

Problem:

Air pollution affects health and requires a system to monitor data immediately.

Materials and costs:

Sensors:

PM2.5 and PM10: $120 (4 sensors)

CO2: $40

NO2: $35

Controllers:

Arduino/Raspberry Pi: $50

LCD screen: $20

Communication system:

WiFi module: $15

Cloud data storage: $10 per month

Building materials:

Frame and protection box: $30

Cords and batteries: $45

Total cost: $350

Steps:

research

design

development

a test

to improve

an offer

Ibrahim alrezan

Adel Alorabi

Mohammed alshehri

Abdulhadi almutairi

1. Select Components: Solar panels, batteries, a control unit, motors, and sensors.

2. Design the Structure: Create a lightweight yet durable frame and mount the solar panels.

3. Electrical Connections: Connect the panels to the batteries and control unit.

4. Programming: Program the control unit to coordinate the robot's functions.

5. Maintenance: Regularly clean the panels and perform system checks.

This ensures efficient and sustainable use of robots for defense applications.

Nasser Al Qahtani

Hatem Al Qahtani

Saeed Al Shahrani

Sultan Al Shayea

explosion-resistant battery

Area Selection and Problem Identification:

- Area:Military defense.

- Problem: Traditional lithium-ion batteries are prone to explosion under extreme conditions. Our goal is to develop an explosion-resistant battery suitable for military equipment.

Materials:

- Battery Components

  -Solid Electrolyte

  -Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Anode

  -Nano-material Cathode

  -Safety Valves

  -Pressure-resistant Outer Case

- Testing Equipment

Cost: 2500 SAR

Research and Development Process:

-First: Study alternative chemical materials and design a prototype.

-Second: Build the prototype and conduct safety tests under extreme conditions.

-Third: Refine the design and evaluate performance.

Outcomes:

- A safe battery capable of operating in harsh military environments without the risk of explosion.

Rayan Aati

Zyad alghamdi

Project Title:

"Audio Alert System for Threat Detection Using Motion Sensors"

Problem:

In military environments, threats such as enemy movements or proximity to restricted areas can sometimes be invisible, making timely detection challenging. There is a need for a simple system that can alert the personnel when unauthorized movement is detected.

Concept:

The "Audio Alert System for Threat Detection" is a simple device that uses motion sensors to identify potential threats by detecting unusual movement in a specified area. When movement is detected, the system issues an audio alert to notify the personnel or user of a possible threat.

Materials Needed:

1. Devices and Equipment:

   • Motion Sensors:

     • PIR (Passive Infrared) sensors for motion detection.

   • Audio Alert Device:

     • A bell or siren to produce the audio alert.

   • Microcontroller:

     • Such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi to control the system and process sensor data.

   • Batteries and Power Source:

     • Batteries to power the system or an external power source.

2. Software Tools:

   • Programming Software:

     • Software for programming the microcontroller to control the motion sensors and audio alert.

Implementation Steps:

1. System Design:

   • Determine locations for installing motion sensors (e.g., windows, doors, or sensitive areas).

   • Choose a suitable audio alert device that is clearly audible.

2. Assemble Components:

   • Connect the motion sensors to the microcontroller (Arduino or Raspberry Pi).

   • Connect the audio alert device to the microcontroller.

   • Provide the necessary power source for the system.

3. Program the System:

   • Write a simple program for the microcontroller to read data from the motion sensors.

   • Configure the program to trigger the audio alert upon detecting movement.

   • Test the code to verify detection accuracy and response.

4. Test the System:

   • Conduct tests to ensure the system reliably detects movement.

   • Adjust the sensitivity of the motion sensors as needed to improve performance.

5. Assemble and Present the System:

   • Assemble all components into a suitable box or enclosure.

   • Present the system at the exhibition with an explanation of how it works and its benefits.

6. Prepare the Presentation:

   • Prepare a presentation explaining how the system works, the components used, and possible applications in a military setting.

   • Show a short video demonstrating the system in a test environment.

Expected Outcomes:

• Simple Alert System: Capable of detecting unauthorized movement and alerting personnel quickly.

• Ease of Use: A system that is easy to install and operate, beneficial in military and surveillance environments.

Commercial Value:

• Enhanced Security: Provides a simple and effective way to improve the security of military sites or sensitive facilities.

• Low Cost: Can be implemented at a relatively low cost, making it suitable for projects with limited budgets.

Additional Enhancements:

1. Increase System Sensitivity:

   • Additional Sensors: Use different types of sensors like ultrasonic or infrared sensors to improve detection accuracy.

   • Multiple Sensors: Install sensors in multiple locations to cover a larger area and increase detection likelihood.

2. Improve Programming:

   • Multiple Alerts: Program the system to issue different audio alerts based on the type or location of movement (e.g., a soft alert for safe areas and a loud alert for restricted areas).

   • Detection Algorithms: Use advanced algorithms to process sensor data to reduce false alarms.

3. Enhance Design:

   • Status Monitoring: Add a feature to monitor system status and send notifications if a component malfunctions (e.g., inactive sensor).

   • Display Screen: Integrate a small screen to show system status or warning messages for real-time information.

4. Expand Functionality:

   • Wireless Communication: Integrate Bluetooth or Wi-Fi to connect the system to a mobile phone or computer to receive alerts remotely.

   • Event Logging: Add a feature to log detected events and activities for later review.

How to Present the Project at the Exhibition:

1. Presentation:

   • Demonstration: Provide a detailed demonstration explaining the system components, how it works, and its benefits. Use PowerPoint slides or videos to illustrate the concept.

   • Physical Model: Display the actual model of the system with a live demonstration of its functionality, including interaction with the sensors and audio alert device.

2. Engage with the Audience:

   • Interactive Activities: Allow visitors to test the system themselves or watch a live demonstration of movement detection.

   • Surveys: Provide surveys or feedback forms to gather visitor opinions on the system and suggestions for improvement.

3. Documentation and Materials:

   • Information Catalog: Prepare an information catalog detailing the system, components, costs, and potential applications.

   • Development Plan: Present a future development plan including proposed enhancements and expanded functionality.

Additional Tips:

• Ensure Compatibility: Verify that all components work together smoothly before the exhibition to ensure the system operates flawlessly.

• Attention to Detail: Pay close attention to all project details, including wiring, connections, and programming, to deliver the best possible experience.

Materials Needed

1. DC Motor: This will act as the generator. DC motors can be found in old appliances or purchased online.

2. Flywheel: A rotating wheel to store and manage kinetic energy.

3. Gears/Belt System: To transfer rotational motion from your kinetic source to the motor.

4. Rectifier: Converts AC to DC if you’re using an AC motor (usually not needed for DC motors).

5. Battery or Capacitor: For storing the generated electricity.

6. Wires and Connectors: To connect everything.

7. Mechanical Setup: Frames or stands to hold the components in place.

Steps

1. Mount the DC Motor:

   • Secure the DC motor onto a stable base or frame. Ensure it’s positioned so that the flywheel and other components can be connected to it.

2. Attach the Flywheel:

   • Connect the flywheel to the shaft of the DC motor. The flywheel should be securely attached to ensure smooth rotation. It helps to have a heavy flywheel to store more kinetic energy.

3. Set Up the Kinetic Energy Source:

   • This could be a hand crank, a wind turbine, a bicycle wheel, or any other device that can generate rotational motion.

   • Connect this kinetic energy source to the flywheel using a gear or belt system. The goal is to transfer rotational motion from the kinetic source to the flywheel and then to the DC motor.

4. Connect the Rectifier (if needed):

   • If your setup involves an AC motor or if you're using a rectifier for another reason, connect it to the output of the motor to convert the generated AC to DC.

5. Wire the Output:

   • Connect the output terminals of the DC motor to a battery or capacitor. This will store the electricity generated by the motor. Ensure you use appropriate connectors and that the polarity is correct.

6. Test the Generator:

   • Start rotating the flywheel using your kinetic source. Observe if the DC motor is generating electricity.

   • Use a multimeter to check the voltage and current being produced.

7. Optimize and Adjust:

   • You might need to adjust the flywheel weight, gear ratios, or connection setup to optimize the amount of electricity generated.

   • Ensure all connections are secure and that the system operates smoothly without excessive friction or wobbling.

Tips

• Safety First: Ensure all rotating parts are securely enclosed to prevent accidents.

• Efficiency: The efficiency of your generator will depend on the speed of rotation and the quality of the components used.

• Maintenance: Regularly check and maintain the moving parts to ensure longevity and efficiency.

This basic generator will give you a fundamental understanding of how kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy. For more advanced setups, consider researching different types of motors, more sophisticated flywheel designs, or even integrating renewable energy sources.

By :

Ziyad Alharthi

Abdullah Almalki

Ali Shawk

Abdullah Alotaibi

• Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani

• Abdulaziz Almatrafi

• Mohammed Alharbi

1. Project Overview:

- Aim: To create cheap and simple drones that can help keep large places safe, like King Salman Park in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

2. Problem in the Context of Defense:

- Challenge: Drones are useful but expensive.

- Solution: By using lightweight materials, 3D printing, and inexpensive electronic parts, the team can produce cost-effective drones.

3. Research for Solutions:

- Approach: Utilize inexpensive components like small cameras and energy-efficient systems to build drones that are both cost-effective and capable of flying longer.

4. The Optimum Solution:

- Add solar energy panels to the drone.

- Integrate an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) to improve flight stability.

5. Resources Required:

- Tools: 3D printers, basic tools.

- Software: Programs for drone design and programming.

- Electronics: Parts like Arduino boards, GPS modules, and cameras.

6. Evaluation and Analysis:

- Prototype testing and field trials in places like King Salman Park.

7. Future Research and Development:

- Integration of drones with other security systems to support broader security goals like Saudi Arabia Vision 2030.

### Estimated Costs for Tools

Here is a rough estimate of the costs for the required tools:

1. 3D Printers:

- Basic Desktop 3D Printer: $200 - $500.

- Industrial-grade 3D Printer: $2,000 - $10,000.

2. Basic Tools:

- Soldering Iron: $20 - $50.

- Hand Tools (screwdrivers, pliers, etc.): $50 - $100.

- Multimeter: $20 - $100.

3. Software:

- Open-source software (e.g., FreeCAD, Blender): Free.

- Commercial drone design software (e.g., Autodesk, SolidWorks): $100 - $2,000 (depending on licensing).

4. Electronics:

- Arduino Board: $20 - $50.

- GPS Module: $20 - $50.

- Simple Cameras: $20 - $100 per unit.

- IMU Sensor: $10 - $30.

- Solar Panels: $50 - $200 (depending on size and quality).

### Total Estimated Costs

- Minimum Costs: $370 (using basic tools and software)

FAHAD ALHARTHI

TALAL ALMUTAIRI

AHMED ALSHAMMARI

Shahad

Hajar

Razan

Group Members:

1. [Abdullah Alhammad]

2. [SAUD ALQAHTANI]

3. [ABDULELAU ALQAHTANI]

Specific Area of Defense: Emergency Power Supply

Problem to Solve: Providing a reliable, portable, and cost-effective power source for charging essential electronic devices during emergencies when conventional power sources are unavailable.

---

Project Overview

Our project involves designing a compact solar charger that can power small electronic devices such as phones or radios during emergencies. This device will use solar energy to provide power, making it suitable for use in areas affected by power outages or natural disasters.

---

Research and Development Process

1. Research Phase

- Literature Review: Review existing solar chargers and their efficiency. Focus on affordable designs that can be used in emergency situations.

- Needs Assessment: Determine the power requirements for essential devices and the necessary solar panel specifications for effective charging.

2. Design Phase

- Conceptual Design: Create a design for a portable solar charger that includes solar panels, a battery storage unit, and USB charging ports.

- Detailed Drawing: Develop engineering drawings to illustrate the layout, dimensions, and component placement of the charger.

3. Development Phase

- Prototype Construction: Assemble the prototype using selected materials and components.

- Testing and Iteration: Test the charger to ensure it effectively charges devices and performs reliably in various conditions. Adjust the design based on testing feedback.

4. Finalization Phase

- Optimization: Refine the design to improve efficiency, portability, and usability.

- Documentation: Prepare a comprehensive report detailing testing results, cost analysis, and user instructions.

---

### Materials and Cost Evaluation

| Item | Description | Estimated Cost |

|--------------------------------|------------------------------------------------|--------------------|

| Solar Panel | Small, foldable solar panel (e.g., 5W) | $20 |

| Rechargeable Battery | Lithium-ion battery (e.g., 3.7V, 2000mAh) | $15 |

| Charge Controller | Regulates power flow from solar panel to battery | $10 |

| USB Charging Ports | Standard USB ports for device charging | $5 |

| Plastic Enclosure | Durable, weather-resistant case | $10 |

| Voltage Regulator | Ensures consistent output voltage | $5 |

| Cables and Connectors | For connecting solar panel, battery, and ports | $5 |

| Switch | On/off switch for power control | $3 |

| Miscellaneous | Screws, adhesives, and assembly tools | $7 |

| Labor | (Design, assembly, and testing) | $30 |

Total Estimated Cost: $90

---

### Detailed Drawing

Drawing Description:

- Solar Panel: Foldable design mounted on the top of the enclosure for optimal exposure to sunlight.

- Rechargeable Battery: Securely housed inside the plastic enclosure, connected to the solar panel and charging ports.

- Charge Controller: Positioned inside the enclosure to manage the flow of electricity from the solar panel to the battery and devices.

- USB Charging Ports: Located on the side of the enclosure for user-friendly access to charge devices.

- Plastic Enclosure: Protective case with ventilation openings to prevent overheating, designed to be portable and rugged.

- Voltage Regulator: Maintains a stable output voltage for safe and effective device charging.

[Insert detailed drawing here]

---

### Conclusion

The compact emergency solar charger is designed to provide a low-cost, efficient solution for powering essential electronic devices during emergencies. By utilizing solar energy and focusing on essential features, this project aims to enhance the availability of power in disaster-stricken areas, ensuring continued communication and functionality for critical devices. This practical and affordable solution will support emergency response efforts and improve overall resilience during power outages or natural disasters.

The project aims to develop a chemical solution for biological defense.

1. Area Selection

Biological defense.

2. Problem Definition

Challenge: Create a safe and effective chemical to neutralize biological threats.

3. Materials

- Chemicals: Cleaning agents, buffers.

- Models: Simulated bacteria or viruses.

- Tools: pH meter, light meter.

4. Cost Evaluation

Budget: $450 - $1,250.

5. Research and Development

1. Research: Look for and review suitable chemicals.

2. Prototype: Make and test the chemical.

3. Refinement: Improve the chemical for better results and safety.