Instructional Theories and Strategies by Peter Viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn en-us 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC 2022-02-08 14:16:23 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/374344980/65cce1b335a6eadff339e22c9eb2d008/JWUOnline_logo_vertical.jpg Direct Instruction peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700947 Transactional model that emphasizes teacher/student interaction at each step: presentation, practice, assessment and evaluation, and monitoring and feedback.

Reading: Huitt, W., Monetti, D., & Hummel, J. (2009). Designing direct instruction. Pre-publication version of chapter published in C. Reigeluth and A. Carr-Chellman, Instructional-design theories and models: Volume III, Building a common knowledgebase (pp. 73-97). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/papers/designing-direct-instruction.pdf (Huitt Direct Instruction.pdf)

Media: This website provides a series of videos that explain direct instruction. The videos are geared towards K-12 instruction, but you can translate the concepts to an adult learning or higher education environment. ]]> 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700947 Spiral Instruction peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700948 Also called “spiral curriculum,” this method of instruction involves revisiting topics or themes throughout an educational program or event.

Reading: Harden, R. M. & Stamper, N. (1999). What is a spiral curriculum? Medical Teacher, 21(2), 141-143 (Harden Stamper Spiral Learning.pdf)

Media: In this video, a school principal discusses spiral curriculum/instruction to teach math. Although this video is geared towards the K-12 environment, the concepts apply to other learning environments. ]]> 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700948 Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700949 Relates to problem-centered instruction and states five principles for effective instruction.

Reading: First principles of instruction. Educational Technology Research & Development (PDF)

Media: In this video, Dr. Merrill himself discusses instructional design and his first principles. ]]> 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700949 Elaboration Theory peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700951 Holds that instruction should be organized in increasing order of complexity and proposes seven major strategy components.

Reading: Reigeluth, C. M. (1999). The elaboration theory: Guidance for scope and sequence decisions. In C. M. Reigeluth (Ed.), Instructional-design theories and models, Volume II: A new paradigm in instructional theory (pp. 425-453). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Media: This video gives a brief overview of elaboration theory and then gives examples of elaboration theory using technology approaches. It also provides guidelines for how to implement elaboration theory. ]]> 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700951 Gagne’s Nine Events of Instruction peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700952 Identifies 9 steps that should be included in any instructional lesson.

Reading: Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of Learning for Instruction (pp. 372-380). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Driscoll 9 Events (PDF)

Media: On this website, view the video that is below the initial graphic of Gagne’s model. The video describes how Gagne’s model was applied to an online training course. Think about how the model can be applied to other settings. 
]]> 2019-05-03 17:34:05 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356700952 Problem-based Instruction peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356712425  Students learning content and thinking strategies through the experience of solving problems. Facilitated problem solving where students work on a complex problem that does not have a single correct answer.

Reading: Instructional Design Theories & Models V3, chp. 8

Media: This video explains the problem-based learning approach at Maastricht University. Although it is specific to higher education, the concepts can be applied to other learning settings. ]]> 2019-05-03 17:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/356712425 Situated Learning peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360032446 Built upon the theory of situated cognition, this approach to instruction posits that learning happens best when it is done within the context in which the skills or knowledge will be applied.

Reading: Choi J., & Hannafin, M. (1995). Situated cognition and learning environments: Roles, structures, and implications for design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 43(2), 53-69. (Choi Hannafin Situated Learning.pdf) 

Media: This video from the University of Wisconsin-Madison explains situated learning and then talks about how it can be facilitated using educational technology-based games. 
]]> 2019-05-14 17:53:13 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360032446 Discovery Learning peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360037928 Students apply preexisting knowledge and available resources to “discover” solutions to problems.

Reading: Svinicki, M. D. (1998). A theoretical foundation for discovery learning. Advances in Physiology Education, 20(1), 54-57. (Svinicki Discovery Learning.pdf) 

Media: This video from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, shows how a classroom built around the concept of discover learning is used in chemistry courses. Think about how discovery learning could be applied to other settings, especially technology-based settings. 
]]> 2019-05-14 18:03:29 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360037928 Activity Theory peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360040337 Tools are used to mediate between the student and their learning goals.

Reading: Acting with Technology, Chapter 3 ]]> 2019-05-14 18:08:33 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360040337 Constructivist Learning Environments peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360040919 “A place where learners work together and support each other as they use a variety of tools and information resources in their guided pursuit of learning goals and problem-solving activities” (Wilson, 1996, p. 5). The place or environment may be a physical or virtual environment.

Reading: Constructivist Learning Environments by Wilson, Chapter 1

Media: This video from McGill University shows an active learning classroom, which is an example of a constructivist learning environment. Think about how this concept could be applied in other settings or to a technology-enabled environment. ]]> 2019-05-14 18:09:30 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360040919 ARCS Model of Motivation peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360042383  Aimed at improving the motivation of learners; includes four major conditions that have to be met for learners to be motivated to learn.

Reading: Keller, J. M. (1987). Development and use of the ARCS model of instructional design. Journal of Instructional Development, 10(3), 2-10. (Keller ARCS.pdf)

Media:]]> 2019-05-14 18:12:02 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360042383 Advance Organizers peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360043658 Tools used to organize and present concepts in advance of instruction to aid with comprehension.

Reading: Story, C. M. (1998). What instructional designers need to know about advance organizers. International Journal of Instructional Media, 25(3), 253-261. (Story Advance Organizers.pdf)

Media:]]> 2019-05-14 18:14:33 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360043658 Information Processing Theory peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360044453 Reviews how information is processed in the mind and moved t memory and strategies for helping students learn information, skills, and ideas.

Reading: Slavin. R. E. (2018). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (12th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson. (pp. 122-130)

Media: This video reviews how the brain processes information and moves it to memory. ]]> 2019-05-14 18:15:53 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360044453 Cognitive Apprenticeship peter_viccione https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360045316  Learners learn to perform a task or solve problems from others who already perform well; behavioral and cognitive modeling are involved.

Reading: LeGrand Brandt, B., Farmer Jr., J. A., & Buckmaster, A. (1993). Cognitive apprenticeship approach to helping adults learn. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 1993(59), 69-78. (Brandt Farmer Buckmaster Cognitive Apprenticeship.pdf)

Media: This website from the University of Kansas includes a short video discussing how to implement cognitive apprenticeship in a college classroom. The website also includes tips for implementing this strategy. Cognitive apprenticeship can easily be applied to other settings. ]]> 2019-05-14 18:17:38 UTC https://padlet.com/peter_viccione/otb47hu8ngkn/wish/360045316