Discussion #2 by Samantha Villaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk en-us 2022-02-19 00:32:57 UTC 2022-02-21 05:13:24 UTC hello@padlet.com Autonomic Nervous system divisions samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2056098245 1. Sympathetic Nervous System: 
-Cholinergic
-"Rest and Digest"
-This system helps restore the body's energy, bring it to balance and only stimulates one body system at a time

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System: 
-Adrenergic
-"Fight, Flight, Fright" 
-This system highends things such adreline, heart rate and pupil dilation. It your body's "crisis mode" function.

Source: ANS part 1 lecture notes]]> 2022-02-19 00:38:44 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2056098245 Neurotransmitters samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2056109900 Sympathetic NTs: 
-ACH
-Norepinephrine (NE)
-Dopamine
Parasympathetic NTs:
-ACH
-Epinephrine (EPI)
-Dopamine]]> 2022-02-19 01:01:48 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2056109900 Location of NTs samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057952633 1.ACH: released at the ganglia from presynpatic nerve ending
-In both systems
2.Norepinephrine (NE): released at the 
postganglionic nerve endings 
3.Epinephrine (EPI): acts on adrenergic receptors 
-Adrenal Medulla
4.Dopamine (DA): released from the hypothalamus ]]> 2022-02-21 03:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057952633 Main locations of receptors and main locations samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057974424
  • Sympathetic
    • -Alpha 1: on glands, smooth muscles, eyes, most arteries and veins
    -Alpha 2: Brain; negative feedback system to alpha 1, in order to help maintain balance in blood pressure 
    -Beta 1: on the heart 
    -Beta 2: smooth muscle, lungs, uterus, skeletal muscle arteries and coronary arteries
    • Parasympathetic 
    -Muscarinic: on cardiac, smooth muscle, and glands 
    -Nicotinic 1 (Nn): at ganglia of both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves 
    -Nicotinic 2 (Nm): Skeletal muscle 
    ]]>     2022-02-21 03:28:13 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057974424     Organ responses samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057984900 -Alpha 1: increases blood pressure, dilation of pupils and smooth muscle contraction
    -Alpha 2: lowers blood pressure 
    -Beta 1: increases  EVERYTHING with the heart (rate, force, and conduction) 
    -Beta 2: increases air flow and relaxation of organs 
    -Muscarinic: decreases heart rate, increases digestion, GI/urinary activity and pupillary constriction 
    -Nicotinic 1 (Nn): receives messages from neurotransmitters to activate the appropriate organ response
    -Nicotinic 2 (Nm): muscle contractions]]>     2022-02-21 03:37:05 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2057984900     Drug classifications samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058006970 -Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist: decongestant effect
    -Adrenergic agonist: stimulates the heart and increases airflow
    -Adrenergic blocking: decreases blood pressure and increases urine flow
    -Beta adrenergic agonist: increases heart rate, force of contraction and blood pressure 
    -Nicotinic 1 & 2: synapse area and muscle contraction
    -Muscarinic: decreases heart rate and air flow, increases digestion, GI/urinary activity and pupillary constriction]]>     2022-02-21 03:55:02 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058006970     Specific drug examples samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058014472 SYMPATHETIC:
    -Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
                       ephedrine
                       phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrineâ)
    -Adrenergic Agonists
    epinephrine (Adrenalinâ)     
    -Alpha-1 Adrenergic Blocker
                              prazosin (Minipressâ)
                              terazosin (Hytrinâ)
                              doxazosin (Carduraâ)
    -Beta-1 Adrenergic Agonist
                              dobutamine 
    -Beta-2 Adrenergic Agonist
                              formoterol (Foradilâ)
                              albuterol (Proventilâ/Ventolinâ)
                              terbutaline (Brethineâ)
    -Beta Blocker
                      Nonselective
                              nadolol (Corgardâ)
                              propranolol (Inderolâ)
                              timolol (Blocadrenâ)
                      Selective
                              atenolol (Tenorminâ)
                              metoprolol (Lopressorâ)
     -Bronchodilators
    Sympathomimetics “B-2 agonist”  (Short and long acting)
          albuterol (Proventil®/Ventolin®)
          formoterol    (Foradil®)                                                                      terbutaline (Brethine®)                                                                salmeterol (Serevent )
    -Mast Cell Stabilizers
    cromolyn Sodium (Intal® / Nasalcrom®)

    PARASYMPATHETIC:
    -Direct Acting Cholinergic Agonist
                              acetylcholine
                              pilocarpine (Pilocarâ)
                              bethanechol (Urecholineâ)
    -Indirect Acting Cholinergic Agents
                      neostigmine (Prostigminâ)
    -Anticholinergic
                               atropine
                               dicyclomine (Bentylâ)
          ipratropium bromide   (Atrovent®)
    - Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
    a.     Peripherally Acting 
                   Depolarizing Agent:
    succinylcholine
                   Non-depolarizing Agent
    rocuronium bromide (Zemuronâ)
    Direct Acting
    dantrolene (Dantriumâ)
    b.     Centrally Acting
                   cyclobenzaprine (Flexerilâ)
                   carisoprodol (Somaâ)
                   methocarbamol (Robaxinâ)
                   orphenadrine citrate (Norflexâ)
                   chlorzoxazone  (Parafon Forte DSCâ)
                   metaxalone (Skelaxinâ)
                                         
    Xanthine Derivatives
          theophylline (Theo-Dur)
          aminophylline (Paladronâ)
     
          III.     Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
          montelukast    (Singulair®)
     -Combination Bronchodilator
    ipratropium bromide and albuterol sulfate (Combivent®)
     -Antihistamines
    • Generation I (sedating)
    brompheniramine (Dimetapp®)
    chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton®)
    clemastine (Tavist®)
    diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
    hydroxyzine (Atarax®)
    promethazine (Phenergan®)
    azelastine (Astelin® or Astepro®)
    • Generation II (non-sedating)
    loratidine (Claritin®)
    fexofenadine (Allegra®)
    cetirizine (Zyrtec®)

    -Corticosteroid (asthma or allergic rhinitis)
    budesonide (Rhinocort® or Pulmicort®)
    mometasone (Nasonex® or Asmanex®)
    fluticasone (Flonase® or Flovent®)
    flunisolide (Nasalide®)
    triamcinolone (Nasacort®/Azmacort®)

    -Antitussives
    a.     Narcotic
    hydrocodone (Hycodan®)
    codeine/guaifenesin (Robitussin AC®)
    b.     Nonnarcotic
    dextromethorphan/guaifenesin (Robitussin DM®)
    benzonatate  (Tessalon Perles®)

    -Decongestants
    oxymetazoline (Afrin®)
    pheniramine (Dristan®)
    phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine®)
    pseudoephedrine (Sudafed®)

    -Expectorants
    guaifenesin (Robitussin®, Mucinex®, Organidin®)
     
     
    ]]>     2022-02-21 04:01:07 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058014472     Sources samanthavillaneuva https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058076551 -ANS lecture notes parts 1 & 2 
    -Google images ]]>     2022-02-21 04:56:48 UTC https://padlet.com/samanthavillaneuva/orr5ghud9muohxlk/wish/2058076551