1. metting out harsh punishments

2. imprisoning allied soldiers

3. operation sook ching

4. coercing chinese business community

5. using propaganda

6. providing benefits to the locals

7. imposing japanese culture

• teaching japanese language

• cultivating japanese spirit

WHAT DAILY LIFE WAS LIKE UNDER JAPANESE

1. survival

• dealing with shortages

• disease and death

• relocations

• leisure and entertainment

HOW DID THE LOCALS RESPOND TO JAPANESE

• collaboration

• resistance

IMMEDIATE PROBLEMS AFTER JAPANESE SURRENDER

• food shortages

• schooling disruptions

• economic difficulties

1. Weakening of colonial rule

2. Growing influence of communism

How british attempted to win local support

1. Meeting housing challenges

2. Addressing food shortages

3. Managing industrial unrest

4. Rebuilding economy

5. Allowing local political particiapation

How british responded to changing attitudes of locals

1. Rendal constitution

2. 1955 election

How singapore achieved internal self-government?

1. The first merdeka talks (1956) [lost]

2. The second merdeka talks (1957) [won]

3. 1959 election (PAP won)

Riots

1. Maria hertogh (Sided unfairly towards dutch)

2. Anti-national service (expression of anti-colonial feelings)

3. Hock lee bus (david marshall failed to maintain law & order)

4. Chinese middle school student (unhappiness of how Lim Yew hock treated the students)

1. political independence (1)

2. economical survival (3)

WHAT WAS MALAYS INITIAL RESPONSE

• fear chinese wont accept…

• fear outnumbered by chinese

• fear chinese being communist

WHY DID MALAYA CHANGE THEIR MIND

• no more influence on sg internal security

• singapore become communist, singapore less willing to accept a merger acceptable to malaya

• if sg turn communist others might as well

hong lim by-elections

• increasing divide within pap

• pap want to free sg from british by becoming communist (bro is paranoid)

AGREEMENT ON PROPOSED MERGER

• 24 august 1961

RESULT OF BATTLE FOR MERGER

• opposition from barisan socialis

• PAP campaign

• referendum

• weakening of barisan socialis

• formation of malaysia

WHY DID THEY SEPARATE

• common market

• revenue contribution

• composition of political parties

• treatment of races

SEPERATED ON 9 AUGUST 1965

1. Konfrantasi

2. Communist terrorism

3. International terrorism

4. Veitnam war

5. British military withdrawal from singapore

How did singaore overcome the challenges

1. Building a defence force

   • introducing national service

   • Establishing home grown defence industry

   • Stregthening military cooperation with other countries

2. Stregthening relations with the world

   • establishing dimplomatic relations with other countries

   • Growing bilateral relationships

   • Joining international organisations

1. Economic vulnerability (challenge)

   • limited acess to the malaysian hinterland

   • Threat of unemployment

2. Economic diversification (solutions)

   • development of expert oriented industrialisation

   • Development of infrastructure

   • Impact of 1973 oil crisis

How did singapore build national identity

• Building social cohesian and national identity

  A. Introduction and evolution of citizenship

  B. Creation of national symbols

  C. Forging of national identity in schools

How did singapore adress its social challenges

1. Providing public housing

2. Stregthening the education system

3. Improving public health standards

How people’s lives change by the end of the 1970s

1. Changes in living standards

2. Greater rootedness