The first stage is:
First of all, the first step is that, to begin with, initially, firstly, for starters, to start with, in the first phase, at the onset, in the beginning 

The last stage is:
Finally, the last step is, lastly, to finish, ultimately, the final step, to wrap it up,
Diễn ra cùng lúc:
As the same time / In the meantime / in the same instant / meanwhile / whilst / simultaneously

-------------------------
DECREASE:
decline, go down, drop, reduce, fall

---------------------------

WITNESS A....
Witness/go through/experience/undergo/exhibit + a/an 

+ considerable/substantial/remarkable/sizeable/noticeable : đáng kể

+ Sharp/dramatic/swift/exponential(cấp số nhân) : tăng vọt 
+ increase/upward or downward tendency/trend/growth/decline/drop/ upsurge or surge 

--------------------------------

The figure for/ the number of/ the amount of / the sum of

From...to/ in the first...from/ over...year period/ during the period / the...year period from/period / within a timespan of...

2. it is apparently seen that

3. It is clear that 

4. It could be noticed that

5. It is conspicuous that

6. It is initial to notice that

7. The diagram reveals that

8. As can be seen in the diagram 

9. As is presented in the diagrams 
10. It is crystal clear/ lucid that 

Toes/parts/digits

Hoof : mong ngua - a single structure 

Predecessor : tiền nhiệm

successor : kế nhiệm

ancestor: tổ tiên

Relatively/comparatively small :  tương đối nhỏ

crest/ mane: bờm ngựa

refined body: có đường nét

bulkier body: rắn rỏi

phase : giai đoạn

primitive: cổ xưa

consecutive = successive

Date back to : niên đại

Prominent vượt trội

segment: phân khúc (n) segmentation

merge into= fuse into 

cutting instrument/ device/ tool/ capability

The effectiveness of sharpness

blunt/rough/uneven >< flattened / plane

circa

Notably

Increase in 

In the level

a low / high of 

Verb + by + number 

Witness/ Experience/ go through  Noun + of + number 

Substantial 

reach a peak at 

Fell back to

Rise to

In the early 1970s

In the early 70s 

a total/ sum of 

Significantly/ considerably/ substantially 

Dramatically/ enormously/ sharply

Moderately / gradually

 Slightly / minimally/ marginally 

Networking - office lifestyle - requirement from works 

Variety - availibity 

Social trends 

Work full-time 

-----------

Subjective 

Check-in 

Lazy 

Time -saving

Lack of cooking skills

--------

Importance: Time - skills 

Time-saving, convenient: for a busy lifestyle, buy immediately in stores/ one-click online/ quick delivery services 

Easy- Preserved: frozen, keep in fridge -> emergency 

Delicious, variety: suitable for lacking-of-cooking-skill people, try different cuisine. 

Reduce the food waste

Disadvantages:

Tend to stick to things that we like: boredom -> food fatigue 

Health risks: may lack high-quality ingredients - not fresh /lack of nutrition/contain unhealthy substances - chemicals / microwavable food. -> digestive illness 

Hard to stay in shape: hard to control the fat, sugar, and calories level. 

Lack of happiness, creation in cooking. 

Not please your appetite - not suit/match your taste - portion 

 --------

Category: 

 Objective 

Metabolism - body nature - genetic factors 

Availability of fast food - packed food 

High cost of living 

High price of fresh food 

Traditional eating habits, customs, cuisine 

Misleading advertisement 

--------

Subjective 

Lack of nutritional guidance and knowledge 

Technology - computer games - sedentary life

Poor parenting - in terms of diet 

------------

In chronological order 

Morning - Parent busy - don't have proper breakfast - fast food/street food - study - poor diet at school - lack of exercise / PE - return home - extra classes - no time for outdoor activities - evening - to be bombarded with distraction - sleep late - obesity 

-------------

Order of importance 

----------------
Body: Causes - Category 

The availability of fast-food and fizzy drinks - cheap - fast - easily addict children with the mouth-watering flavor, high fat, calories, and protein - goes along with misleading advertisements -> McDonald's, KFC, etc 

Genetic factors - gain weight easily even eating a little - hard to control the food ration/ diet as a kid - over-metabolism 

Poor parenting -> Too busy to take good care of the kids - sedentary lifestyle on kids/  over-pamper the kids, let them eat/ do anything they want -> Lack of knowledge and nutritional guidance. 

Category: 

Physical/mental health 

Individual/ Society 

---------------

Chronological order 

Young/ Old 

----------------

Importance 

Health (Cardiovascular diseases / Diabetes / high blood pressure) - Poor performance 

The most direct/ severe 

-------------

Affects: Category 

Individuals: 

Physical Health: cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes - easily get tired - poor productivity in study/ daily life 

Mental health: ashamed of their body - easily get body-shaming - depression - antisocial/ autistic/ rebellious

Society: 

Discrimination 

Poor performance -> lower wages/ quality of life - poor Economics/ national/international development 

Pay high budget to run campaigns - medical health care 

Noticeably, playing games has already had some influences, both positively and negatively. In positive terms, Games are the tools for kids to entertain in their leisure time after doing tasks. Besides, the Virtual world is also a good place to find soulmates as well as broaden their horizon from the educational content. But, on the other hand, young teenagers easily get addicted to those entertainment which can lead to a large number of consequences. By the way of illustration, they can have bad effects on both physical and mental health, for instance, obesity, eyes strained, etc from sitting for hours in the incorrect posture and grabbing tons of junk food. Besides, the virtual world is a dangerous world of cyberbullying and scamming which can lead kids into depression or even worse - criminal behavioral patterns, as they may get access to unsuitable and violent content. 

Since such issues are serious, steps should be taken immediately to address these problems. The first solution would be good parenting, as they are responsible for guiding their children, by raising awareness, and monitoring the games’ content that kids play. A second measure would be that children are encouraged to learn how to manage their time and take up a new hobby to distract them from games such as outdoor activities, playing instruments, etc. 

In conclusion, there are various positives and negatives of playing computer games and appropriate steps need to be taken to solve these problems. 

The responsibility for this phenomenon lies in both subjective and objective ways. One reason is that the young people in this blooming technology era frequently expect a far-reaching goal such as a well-paid occupation at the beginning of their career. Taking an example from my observation, I have witnessed a lot of the young made wrong choices of course which are not their real passion and dream, as a result, they lack numerous essential soft skills for that job. Furthermore, that reason has been caused by our Vietnamese educational system, especially the Universities’ curriculums. To be more specific, we put too much effort focus on learning theoretical knowledge which makes the freshly graduated don't have any practical experiences. 

Since such issues are serious, fortunately, several steps could be taken immediately to prevent this problem. The quick fix is that we should do a revolution and renovation of our national syllabus by applying feasible and effective practical knowledge such as communication, solving problems, teamwork, etc skills besides hard skills. A second measure would be the consistency in career orientation, which can help young people search for a suitable job fitting their God-gifted ability and talents and it would be easier for them to have the promotion prospects and move up their career ladder. 

In conclusion, it is obvious that there are numerous causes for the difficulty in searching for a stable job for the freshly graduated, and appropriate steps need to be taken to solve these problems. 

Point:

Show their uniqueness, individuality 

Explain:

express themselves  - create self-image, dressing-style

Example: 

my friends in artistic university - plenty of styles

Result: 

boosted productivity, take inspiration, take pride in 

On the one hand, there are two main reasons why people agree that wearing a uniform is necessary, and suitable for students. The first reason is that having their school uniform on their body makes them feel more responsible and proud to preserve their school image and fame. Take me as an example, I studied in one of the top high schools in Ho Chi Minh city, and as a student here, I and my friends always try to follow the rules of our school and be as disciplined as possible to be worth our school title. Furthermore, wearing a uniform is also a way for us to find, and identify each other in crowded, especially on a far trip, journey to prevent being lost. 

On the other hand, apart from the practical benefits, I expressed above, I supposed that I prefer allowing students to style outfits themselves. The primary is that, firstly, by styling their outfit soon, they can express and able to get to know more about themselves. Because each individual is unique and has their self-image as well as a dressing style that is suitable to their personality, what they want to become. As I’m now studying in one of the most artistic universities, though it still has some dress code rules to prevent inappropriate outfits in an educational environment, in general, we are free to choose our outfits to go to school. Every day, I can immerse myself in surprises and be inspired by tons of styles from my colleagues. On top of that, wearing whatever we like, can help us boost our self-confidence and happiness, and along with that our productivity can peak the highest. 

Taking everything into consideration, I strongly believe that, students should be allowed to style their outfits to be in the best state and enjoy the beautiful time in their student’s life. However, along with that freedom, it is still necessary to have some light dress code rules to prevent being inappropriate and unsuitable in an educational environment. 

- Câu 1: Nêu lên vấn đề chung

- Câu 2: Nêu lên 2 quan điểm đối lập

- Câu 3: Nêu lên quan điểm

Type 2: Discuss and give point of view

- Câu 1: Như trên

- Câu 2: Như trên

- Câu 3: Bài luận của tôi sẽ thảo luận và đưa ra quan điểm

2. (It is a common belief/ sense that)

3. Most people usually assume that

4. It is true that/ the fact

5. As we most believe that

6. It is a widely held belief that

7. Many people claim that

8. There is an undeniable fact that

9. It’s crystal clear that 

10. It is evident that

11. (It goes without saying)

12. It is apparent that

13. It is obvious that

14. It is the simple fact of life that

15. (It is socially accepted that)

-----------------
Remain controversial

Is a matter of controversy 

Arouse controversies

Ignite controversies

Is the matter of dispute 

Is disputable

Is provoking a heated argument 

To be of.....benefits 

Information explosion era/ in the life of modern citizens / 

obtain/receive/get/update/acquire/retrieve news

Although
SOME PEOPLE 

While/ whereas THE OTHERS

 

I - wholeheartedly/ extremely / totally/ completely/ absolutely/ entirely OR partly/ partially - OF THE OPINION THAT …..

OR

AGREE: 

DISAGREE:  

There are several reasons but there are also solutions to this phenomenon /reality 

    Censorship - remains controversial/ is the matter of controversy/ arouses controversies/ ignites controversies/ is the matter of dispute/is disputable. 

Some people - stick to that/subscribe to that/ contend that/claim that - censorship - jeopardizes/ wreak havoc/intimidate/take toll on personal freedom - the freedom of speech whereas/but/yet - others - claim that/ follow that - this policy is of social benefit. I totally - advocate/adhere with/ are partly in sync with/ are partly in line with censorship for the following reasons ( Agree)/ I totally protest/ eschew/ totally opposed (disagree) to this decision for the following rationales.

Causes:

Subjective 

Wrong choice of courses

Overexpectation 

Lack of soft skills - communication/time management/teamwork/ problem solving/ computing/ linguistic 

Objective 

Educational system: University - Theoretical knowledge - lack of practical knowledge 

Automation - in all most every field 

Career orientation 

---------------

Solutions: 

Strengthen soft skills 

Renovation in curriculums

Early retirement 

Identify ability / talents 

Consultation from family 

Provide proper and opportune/well-timed/timely - adequate/sufficient/consistent orientation 

---------------

2. My essay is going to/discuss/aims to - analyze/elucidate/do an autopsy...

There are several reasons but there are also solutions to this phenomenon /reality 

Body 1: category 

Causes: 

The responsibility lies with/ falls on both individuals and the whole educational system 

Subjective - Objective 

Body 2: importance 

Solutions 

The most feasible/ important/ viable/ effective solution is that...

The obvious quick fix is that...

A further solution is that...

Point - Explain - Example 

1. Renovation curriculums 

2. Consistency in career orientation - identify ability - suitable talent - Ex: 

Objective: 

Taxes - make profit - increase in trading - globalization  

Food can't be grown domestically 

High quality - good hygiene / sanitary condition 

Marketing campaign 

Subjective 

All Year-round food 

Exotic food - Cultural/ regional cuisine - different types of food - curiosity

Local food safety standards - degrading trust in 

----------

Solutions 

Government 

Reduce indoor / increase outdoor products’ taxes 

Invest in improving local good sanitary conditions - traceability stamp - high-quality product - reach standards 

raising awareness training farmers and workers 

strict laws/ policies 

Running advertising campaigns 

Objective: 

Taxes - make profit - increase in trading - globalization  

Food can't be grown domestically 

High quality - good hygiene / sanitary condition 

Marketing campaign 

Subjective 

All Year-round food 

Exotic food - Cultural/ regional cuisine - different types of food - curiosity

Local food safety standards - degrading trust in 

----------

Solutions 

Government 

Reduce indoor / increase outdoor products’ taxes 

Invest in improving local good sanitary conditions - traceability stamp - high-quality product - reach standards 

raising awareness training farmers and workers 

strict laws/ policies 

Running advertising campaigns 

There are three primary reasons from both subjective and objective views why this phenomenon takes place. 

Causes: 

Subjective: 

Exotic food - Cultural/ regional cuisine - different types of food - curiosity

Local food safety standards - degrading trust in*

Objective: 

Food can't be grown domestically 

High quality - good hygiene / sanitary condition*

Fortunately, several measures could be taken to solve this problems 

Solutions : 

Importance: 

Invest in improving local good sanitary conditions - traceability stamp - high-quality product - reach standards 

Reduce indoor / increase outdoor products’ taxes 

In conclusion, ....

Health 

Eyes strained 

- neck/back/shoulder pain/sore

Emotion 

Hot temper

Moody 

Study 

Play truant 

Long terms- health 

Short-sighted 

Daydreaming - sleepwalking

Insomnia - sleep disorders 

Sleep disturbances

Study

Poor performance 

Emotion 

Lead to criminal patterns

-----------------

Importance 

1. Physical & mental health

-a contributing factor to such diseases as obesity, backache, short-sightedness, sleep disturbance/ disorder (insomnia, sleep walking, SLEEP DEPRIVATION

- depression ( alienation, cyberbullying)

2. Poor academic performance 

- sacrifice the time used for homework for going online/ play truant 

3.  virtual addiction lead to extreme and negative behavioral patterns/ misconducts ( when desperate for money, commit a crime like stealing, robbing, fraud, scamming to venture into the games)    

------------------

Solution

Limit the time 

Correct posture 

Play sports - do exercise - take up a new hobby 

Good parenting - take advice from experts 

Socialized 

Outdoor activities 

Eat in Moderation 

Define Priority 

Parent’s involvement 

Time management 

Education - orientation - awareness 

Rehabilitation center - curriculum - escape the vicious circle of gaming addiction/ obesity/ poor performance - reintegration 

strict censorship of violent games - monitoring policy 

Life/water/animal/climate/weather/plant - cycle 

----------

During the cycle of its life 

Grown/mature/full-sized

Life cycle/cycle of life/ life process 

Distinct/distinguishable -  stages. 

Mating = copulating = consummating 

-----------

Tailless 

The vanishment/disappearance  of the tail

The tail can't be seen anymore / any longer 

Its tail is completely gone  

Degrowth 

------

Dwell/live in - Inhabit 

Grow /transform/ transmute into 

Adapt/accommodate 

Retain/remain their ability

Juvenile = young 

-----------

Membrane 

Respirability 

Undergo 

Adapt 

Semi-aquatic lifestyle 

Amphibian : lưỡng cư 

spawn: đẻ/ trứng 

Metamorphosis: lột xác

fore/front - back limbs/legs 

---------------------

Be accustomed to = be used to : đã quen

Get accustomed to = get used to : đang làm quen 

implementing/Consummating with= ending 

Sequencer 

When

How long : until, before 

How often: repeatedly, some times, several times, twice, once, ..

When : 

Looking at the first/second/third stage of the process….

At the first/second/third of the process….

At the beginning of the process

Beginning at the …. stage

Firstly, finally

Next step,…..

 How long:

During the second/third step,…….

From this, ……….

Turning to….. step

Before….. after…

Until 

Passive voice - present tense 

Purpose: 

The diagram illustrates.....process that is used to...

The diagram illustrates the process in which bricks are manufactured for the building industry.

--------------------

The fabricated truth : sự thật bị thêu dệt 

Fabricate = manufacture 

---------------------

Overall/ In general, / Generally / By and large / As is observed / As is presented / It can be clearly seen that/ At the first glance/ It is obvious, ,....

Involves/ consists of/ includes/ be composed of/ comprise of 

Stages/phases/step

-------------------

Vocab 

Shifting/ distribution/ shipping = delivery 

Dig/collect/ gather/ be unearthed/excavate 

Cultivate (agriculture)

The finished/final - product/outcome 

Costumer/consumer 

Gigantic/giant/ enormous/huge 

Classify/standardize/clarify/filter 

Culminating/ finishing/accomplishing/ implementing/Consummating with= ending 

+ Graph/illustration/ pictorial/picture/diagram/chart/image/flow chart 

+Show/illustrate/describe/supply/enumerate/depict/delineate/give information on/present information about/ give data on/ compare and contrast/ give-provide information regarding

Within/ Over/ Throughout/ during a time span of 30 years 

From...to

Between...and 

In the period of...

During the 30-year span of time 

North/ East/ South/ West: direction - to / in 

In: within the area 

Ex: Hanoi is in the North of Vietnam. 

To: comparison 

Ex: China is to the North of Vietnam. 

-------------

Direction 

North East

North West

South East

South West

opposite/next to/along with/behind/ in front of/ in the middle of/on the top of/ near/ under/ in the corner/ next to - adjacent to - In close proximity to / above/ across/ to the left/ to the right 

* cùng phân loại/đối tượng/ mức độ

----------------------

Areas:

Residential 

Industrial

Recreational 

Entertainment 

Initially, the female and the male frog in the breeding season consummate with each other to give birth to a plethora of frog spawn. Then, these eggs grow into small tadpoles. Following this, gradually these tadpoles witness metamorphosis in themselves, through the appearance of the back limbs and the elongation of the tail. Subsequently, the juvenile tadpoles undergo more changes with the growth of the back limbs, the emergence of the front legs, enlargement of the mouth, eyes, and body as well as the complete degrowth of the tail. However, it retains its ability to swim as well as develop its respirability so as to accommodate its new habitat and become a fully grown frog. Having completed all these stages, the life cycle will then begin again. 

Initially, the clay is excavated out of the ground by a gigantic digger. Following this, that clay is laid on the metal grid, which is used to standardize it into tiny pieces. After that, it is mixed with sand and water in order to create a mixture, which then is molded into the typical-brick shape. 

Subsequently, those rectangle bricks are put into the oven so as to experience the drying process for 24 to 48 hours. At this point, the dehydrated bricks are continuously kept in the kiln, both in moderate and high temperatures, up to 1300 degrees, then placed in a cooling chamber for about two to three days. After that stage, the finished products are packed and ultimately ready for distribution to the consumer. 

Two prominent reasons: 

 

Negative impacts: 

Individual 

Society/ family: 

Though it is not scientifically proven, there are two main reasons why people support the idea of urging young kids to learn music at an early age. 

Neurology: 

Social benefits: 

Apart from the practical benefits that learning music brings to young children, as I expressed above, I believe that youngsters should not be forced to learn something they might don't have interested in. 

Individual: 

Society: 

In conclusion, it seems to me that, youngsters should be guided to find their true ability rather than be urged to learn something they don't like such as taking up music lessons.