Risk and Critical Management by https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g Critical Issues in Tourism en-us 2018-02-11 14:49:15 UTC 2025-11-06 15:07:19 UTC hello@padlet.com Destination Crisis Management s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367763 2018-02-11 14:54:03 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367763 Hurricane in America s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367787 It made a landfall in North Carolina on the 27th August and made its way up the east coast. It was known as the most severe cyclone of the hurricane season so far making it a category 3 hurricane on the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale. Prior warnings were declared which allowed people to evacuate areas that were at high risks, mainly along the east coast, but homes were still destroyed, with mainly 5 million experiencing power cuts after utilities infrastructure were damaged. 
Beaches on the Bahamas were reported to be blocked off and most tourists left on ships and planes as the island had to prepare for the impact. Major cruise lines also cancelled certain stops. A few shop owners said they have experience from previous storms meaning they knew how to respond and salvage things quickly. 
Tropical storm warning was given and said it would happen in the next 36 hours so people had time for warnings and evacuations. 

Root cause - environmental
Time - towards the end of peak season]]> 2018-02-11 14:54:19 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367787 Earthquake s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367796 CLASSIFICATION
ROOT CAUSE: Environmental. The destination was hit with a 7.0 level earthquake, which was then followed by various aftershocks that reached up to level 5.0 on the Richter scale.
DIMENSION: The earthquake destroyed part of the capital Port-au-Prince. Immediately, 230,000 people were killed and 180,000 homes were destroyed by the earthquake. However, this also affected other countries around the world because they had to send money to this destination to help it try to recover. Countries like the USA and Dominican Republic were affected too. (International dimension).
Time: 12 January 2010. It wasn’t peak season because this destination  don’t have a particular peak or low season.
Stages of crisis:
Haiti was a very poor country before the earthquake and wasn’t already able to attract a lot of tourist to this destination.
Search and rescue teams started working immediately. Trained doctors with sniffer dogs with appropriate equipment. Local people made up the majority of the rescuers. 
Aid arrived from abroad in the form of food, water, medical supplies and temporary shelters (from the USA and Dominican Republic at first.). The UK’s Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) also contributed by helping the destination by raising over £100million. The money raised was then used for emergency shelter, medical consultations, clean drinking water and sanitation.
Haiti was still devastated 12 months afterwards and is still recovering to this day, even though it has been given € 460 million from the European Commission for its recovery. . Being a 3rd word country and being hit by this type of disaster pushed even further backwards in their attempt for a better life.

Vulnerability:  The absence of a buildings regulation played an important role on the vulnerability of this destination in this case. Buildings in Haiti were built with poor quality, cheap materials and these simply crumbled when the earthquake shook. Haiti also didn’t have no action plans in place in case an earthquake happened in this location. 
http://exploregeography.net/earthquake-case-studies-gcse/
http://www.travelmarket.co.uk/haiti/c-ht/travelguide.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/aid/countries/Haiti_paper_01102010.pdf]]> 2018-02-11 14:54:27 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367796 Iceland Volcano Eruption 2010 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367812 -this natural disaster left the skies over Britain clear of aircraft trails for the first time in decades and lead to travel mayhem 

-Over 10m people stranded or unable to board flights
-Airlines lost $1.7bn in missed revenues
-Airports lost €250m
- 90% of flights cancelled in worst-affected markets: Finland, Ireland, UK


-A press release from The European Commission explained what the major natural disaster cause while erupting in 2010. published one year on and crisis preparedness, explains that when the ash poured into the sky, aviation was at a standpoint during March to May. although no one died during the crisis, many were affected by the ash. this caused problems for many areas affecting businesses, economies and environments
-During the volcanic eruption, Iceland's revised ash contingency plan was classed as unsuitable for preparedness which left them Vulnerable. The European Commission assessed and took risk assessments to be better prepared for a future eruption. e.g. equipment, meteorological products and Extra ways of transport for people stuck. 


http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-11-235_en.htm

]]> 2018-02-11 14:54:43 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367812 Earthquake s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367829 Nepal earthquake April 2015
25th April 7.8 magnitude earthquake, two weeks later 12th may another earthquake occurred of 7.3 magnitude. A total of 8,891 people died, 605,254 houses destroyed and 288,255 houses damaged, 188,900 people were displaced. 
Off peak, environmental cause- earthquake.
Immediate response to the earthquake the government launched a large scale relief operation, with the help of volunteers, humanitarian groups etc. 
Flash appeal was created in order to help to provide life saving equipment to help those effected by the earthquake.
Grants and loans were received to help reconstruct the areas that were most effected. 
After the earthquake new approaches on disaster risk reduction was thought of, in order to help deal with the crisis in a more efficient way. Looking at the population of Nepal weekly, to help know who may be effected when a earthquake takes place - also using web based applications for residents of Nepal to check in, showing they are safe. 

https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-earthquake-humanitarian-response-april-september-2015]]> 2018-02-11 14:54:52 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/230367829 Process s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/231989468 2018-02-15 16:24:52 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/231989468 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/231991194 2018-02-15 16:27:33 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/231991194 Earthquake s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232021639 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3469005/

Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Central Council for Accident Prevention create crisis management plans, a comprehensive plan for preparing against disasters. 

Reason of Japanese plans failure was the scale of tsunami, having higher waves than what was assumed. Japanese authorities considered economic benefits more than safety and moral factors exacerbate the situation. 15854 dead, 3167 missing and 26992 injured across twenty prefectures. 
1. effectiveness of disaster management should be restudied in all hazardous countries
2. importance of the high-Tech early-warning systems in reducing risk
3. Reconsidering of extreme values expected/possible hazard and risk levels is necessary
4. Morality and might be taken as an important factor in disaster management
5. Sustainable development should be taken as the basis for reconstruction after disaster.
Ministry of Health was in charge of preparing suitable vehicles for supplying water and assigning hospitals for casualties. 
Ministry of Finance were responsible for providing food, portable toilet, blanket, radio, gasoil, torch, dry ice and other essentials. 
Construction of temporary housing in quakestricken prefectures was begun 8 days after the event and the first set of buildings was expected to be ready within a month. 

Root cause - environment, tsunami 
Time - during month before largely peak season]]> 2018-02-15 17:11:42 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232021639 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232710353 2018-02-18 16:22:48 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232710353 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232710914 2018-02-18 16:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232710914 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232711380 2018-02-18 16:29:49 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232711380 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232712175 2018-02-18 16:35:13 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232712175 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714206 2018-02-18 16:48:33 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714206 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714591 2018-02-18 16:51:12 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714591 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714995 2018-02-18 16:53:46 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232714995 s_murcutt3959 https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232770136 2018-02-18 23:24:27 UTC https://padlet.com/s_murcutt3959/oprzklon8w8g/wish/232770136