2.     Lovers/wife and husband (e.g. False memory)

3.     Friends (e.g. Brendon Gallacher)

4.     Special—maid & mistress(Gambia)

They are presented differently.

Similarity—1. Jackie can create authentic voices, surreptitiously shifts audience 

‘s perspectives and let them generate empathy.

2. Juxtaposition of imagery and experiences, fact and fiction, not actual autobiographical work

3. Emotional and effective, intensity, built by untraditional structure

1.     Family relationships & Friends

About--Closely connect to speaker’s childhood; usually childhood trauma/tragic in Jackie’s poems; growing up and new understanding(may recover), but ‘the past keeps calling the children back’, ‘innocence is corrupted by abuse’; conflicts between ideology, discrimination, breaking of trust, LGBTQ and black people(Jackie is a homosexual black Scottish, adopted child), identity, ‘mixed’, isolation and connection, sense of belonging 

Methods--nursery rhyme, repeating, turning point, first person perspectives, short sentences with enjambment, unsettled rhyme, breaking in unexpected places

2.     Lovers

About—Bitter and sweet; breaking relationship; changes and problems

Methods—extended metaphor, pathetic fallacy, unstable structure, focus on tone and mood

3.     Special

About—Child slavery; abuse and cruelty

Methods—imagery, first person perspective, pathetic fallacy, enjambment

            Continuous, highlight the thing never ends, some past cannot pass

            Childhood still—uses nursery rhyme

2.     Emotional, effective, create authentic voices, shifts audience ‘s perspectives and let them generate empathy

Express internal thought, complete and accurate, not revealed through dialogues and others words

Divorce—uses first person perspective, dictions chose like a child, conversational

Others reactions, discouraged, against and rejection; talking about AIDS(often relates with homosexual), drug queen, death and leaving(caused by homophobia).—a lot of negative things that people will not connect to heterosexuality

How to criticise--Jackie uses authentic voices to express the pain and suffering a homosexual person experiences, their surroundings(often families) reject to understand and accept their identity. They even will feel guilt to their parents just because their sexuality. The speaker(homosexual) in the poem feels like an isolated island, criticism and rejection around prevent them from expressing real themselves. These are all caused by the idea called heteronormativity. Readers can generate empathy and support the minority.