https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj Sexual Violence Prevention and Response en-us 2021-11-26 18:23:48 UTC 2023-02-13 23:50:31 UTC hello@padlet.com jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914726734 College campuses exist to develop student education and identity, providing a safe environment for students to learn and engage with each other. Yet, college students are at risk of sexual violence crimes on campus, which have a devastating impact on their health and academic progress. While attending college, the risks of campus sexual assault made my campus environment less safe, especially at night. I chose this topic based on the impact it has on its victims and other students. As an administrative assistant for the Gender and Women's Studies Program, I have worked with other university and community programs to ensure a safe campus for all students. According to Black et al. (2011), sexual violence affects the health and well-being of victims, and higher rates of these crimes are committed on college campuses. This padlet is for students, faculty, and academic programs who want to learn more about the impact of sexual violence, laws regarding these crimes, campus policies and resources for victims, and recommendations for the prevention and response of sexual violence on campus. ]]> 2021-11-26 18:27:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914726734 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727061 While researching this topic, I had the opportunity to interview Dr. Cynthia Jones, director of the Office of Victim Advocacy and Violence Prevention at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. According to Dr. Jones, victims of power-based violence are less likely to finish college, often dropping out the semester of their assault (personal communication, November 16th, 2021). Power-based violence includes sexual assault, stalking, domestic violence, and dating violence which revolve around an individual controlling another through interpersonal violence and assertion of power. Students who are victims of power-based violence do not always seek help, especially male victims, due to fearing the surrounding stigma. Without support or resources to handle the aftermath of power-based violence, victims struggle to continue their classes or go back to campus, resulting in poor grades and low retention. According to Dr. Jones, the best practices a college can implement to help power-based violence victims is to:

1) Develop and enhance campus policies related to the intervention and reporting of power-based violence

2) Increase campus support services for power-based violence victims and collaborate with community programs to develop prevention programs and support groups.

3) Destigmatize campus members who are survivors of power-based violence to encourage victims to seek help and report sexual assault.

When student victims of power-based assault seek help, the person they often disclose information to is their class instructor (Dr. Jones, personal communication, November 16th, 2021). Campus prevention and response policies should extend to other forms of power-based violence. Power-based violence exceeds outside sexual assault such as stalking, dating violence, and domestic violence which can lead to sexual assault. It is essential for faculty to recognize these other signs of power-based violence to assist their students. Additionally, faculty need to stay informed about their responsibilities to report these cases after receiving information about them from their students. ]]> 2021-11-26 18:27:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727061 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727674 The Lauren McCluskey Foundation released five initiatives to higher education institutions in response to dating violence and stalking on college campuses. The Lauren McCluskey Foundation was established in honor of Lauren McCluskey, a University of Utah student killed in 2018 outside of her dorm by a man she had been dating (Redden, 2021). While McCluskey had notified the university police about the man's behavior, the university failed to protect her. The five initiatives are as listed:

*Raising awareness through an annual Dating Violence and Stalking Awareness Day
*Having faculty include in their syllabi a statement that they will listen to students if they are being threatened.
*Have campuses develop a blueprint for campus response to dating violence and stalking
*Develop a campus safety score rating for colleges based on their prevention and response to campus safety threats.
*Sharing resources and advocating for dating violence and stalking laws.]]> 2021-11-26 18:28:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727674 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727808 With colleges opening up after a year of remote learning due to COVID-19, the communication director for the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, Laura Palumbo, is encouraging campuses to teach new students about sexual assault prevention during a period labeled as the red zone (start of Fall classes to Thanksgiving holidays), where more than fifty percent of college sexual assaults occur (Carrasco, 2021). Along with campus initiatives, students across multiple universities have held protests against fraternity houses after student reports of sexual assaults in fraternities. While many believe that the impact of COVID-19 included the elimination of sexual assault, Palumbo suggests that the pandemic only changed the conditions under which the abuse occurred. She states that there may have been an increase in sexual violence due to students being trapped in forced-choice housing, living in unsafe households.]]> 2021-11-26 18:28:50 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914727808 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914728836 Title IX (Education Amendments Act of 1972, 2018) prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in education, including sexual harassment or sexual violence. Educational institutions are required to designate a Title IX coordinator to oversee complaints of sex discrimination, sexual harassment, and sexual violence. Additionally, schools are responsible to set procedures for complaints under Title IX.]]> 2021-11-26 18:30:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914728836 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914749911 19 Tex. Admin. Code § 3.4 (2020). https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/public/readtac$ext.TacPage?sl=R&app=9&p_dir=&p_rloc=&p_tloc=&p_ploc=&pg=1&p_tac=&ti=19&pt=1&ch=3&rl=4

Black, M. C., Basile, K. C., Breiding, M. J., Smith, S. G., Walters, M. L., Merrick, M. T., Chen, J., & Stevens, M. R. (2011). National intimate partner and sexual violence survey: 2010 summary report. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_report2010-a.pdf

Carrasco, M. (2021, September 24). Colleges re-engage students on sexual health and assault. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2021/09/24/colleges-re-engage-students-sexual-health-and-assault

Education Amendments Act of 1972, 20 U.S.C. §§1681 - 1688 (2018). https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/20/1681

Korman, A. T., Henkle, J. E., & Wesaw, A. (2020). Ending campus sexual violence: Outcomes from the culture of respect collective program. National Association of Student Personnel Administrators. https://www.naspa.org/report/collectiveoutcomes

Mitchell v. Cedar Rapids, 832 N.W.2d 689 (Iowa 2013). https://cite.case.law/nw2d/832/689/

Redden, E. (2021, October 25). Responding to dating violence and stalking on campuses. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2021/10/25/responding-dating-violence-and-stalking-campuses

U.S. Const. amend. XIV. https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxiv

UTRGV. (2015). Sexual misconduct. (HOP 03-300). https://www.utrgv.edu/hop/policies/adm-03-300.pdf

UTRGV. (2015). Standards of conduct guide. https://www.utrgv.edu/compliance/_files/documents/utrgv-standards-of-conduct-guide.pdf]]> 2021-11-26 18:55:24 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914749911 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914843455 The Culture of Respect Collect Program, according to Korman et al. (2020), is a two-year program that guides higher education institutions toward ending sexual violence on campuses along with completing self-assessment and organizational changes to strengthen sexual violence prevention and response. The program follows the CORE Blueprint that lists six key components for sexual violence prevention and reporting strategy; Survivor support, self-assessment, clear policies, multitiered education, schoolwide mobilization, and public disclosure. This report shows how each component increases developing new campus sexual prevention and response strategies and  increases campus collaboration.]]> 2021-11-26 21:13:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1914843455 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1915658833 The Fourteenth amendment of the Constitution (U.S. Const. amend. XIV) protects a person's right to bodily integrity. Sexual assault violates a person's constitutional right to bodily integrity and therefore it cannot be justified as a State interest.]]> 2021-11-27 19:10:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1915658833 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1915660014 The ruling of Mitchell v Cedar Rapids (2013) held schools responsible for sexual violence crimes against students off campus and after school hours. This case influences how schools respond to sexual violence crime off campus and prevent sexual assault from occurring outside of campus grounds to ensure student safety.]]> 2021-11-27 19:13:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1915660014 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1918694818 Higher Education institutions are required to adopt a policy on sexual harassment, sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking for students and employees (19 TAC § 3.4). The policies are to include the following:

*Prohibited behavior definitions
*Sanctions for violations
*Reporting protocols
*Measures to protect sexual violence victims]]> 2021-11-29 18:37:10 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1918694818 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921458540 According to the Handbook of operating Procedures at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (2015), their institution protects students from sexual violence by stating campus reporting procedures, definitions of different forms of discrimination and sexual violence, resources for students, and a rundown of the grievance process for sexual discrimination.]]> 2021-11-30 21:38:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921458540 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921538879 Compliance with laws, regulations, and standards, according to UTRGV (2015), is an ethical standard expected for all faculty and staff to exercise as a form of developing responsibility and accountability. By following laws and policies, I am able to help the campus community by reporting sexual violence activities as instructed by IX and guiding students toward the resources they need.]]> 2021-11-30 22:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921538879 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921545439 As an undergraduate student at UTRGV, I understood the policies behind reporting sexual assault but worried more about what would occur afterward in moving on from such a damaging event. Researching the legal and ethical standards regarding sexual violence showed me how higher education institutions are responsible for providing resources to mental health and helping survivors of sexual assault become comfortable with being on campus and continuing their education. Having offices such as the OVAVP on campus grounds helps students learn more about sexual violence and have a center to go to for support. These educational laws are established to help sexual assault survivors feel safe and give them the strength they need to finish school. As a higher education employee, my role gives me the responsibility to aid sexual assault victims on campus and assure that they become more than just a victim or statistic. Providing student support extends to fostering student growth, development, and healing, which continues to be a vital aspect of my work.]]> 2021-11-30 23:00:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921545439 jsegura152 https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921560823 Recommendations for higher education institutions seeking to prevent sexual violence crimes and aid survivors include:

*Expanding the clarity of survivor procedures in sexual misconduct policy, clarifying amnesty policies, and ensuring campus coordinators are available for sexual violence survivors.

*Developing clear policies that are accessible to students with disabilities or who are not native English speakers.

*Establishing sexual violence prevention and awareness programs for continuing undergraduate students and graduate students to complete.

*Expanding data collection for sexual violence reports and sharing results of climate surveys and sexual violence prevalence discussions in annual reports.

*Increasing student engagement by allowing student groups to provide feedback on the institution's sexual misconduct policy.

* Expanding assessment on institutional sexual violence prevention programs, awareness campaigns, and survivor support services.]]> 2021-11-30 23:16:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jsegura152/olfxg2dz6ga87mcj/wish/1921560823