https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x Made with charisma en-us 2021-07-01 07:11:33 UTC 2023-05-25 15:02:48 UTC hello@padlet.com JessieRen0523 https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1633252671 Wnt pathway is one of the common cell signalling pathways working on cell cycle and cell proliferation. Wnt always work with β-catenin as a signalling network, which is called Canonical Wnt Pathway. Wnt binds with receptor on cell membranes and lead to β-catenin increasing in the cytoplasm and then move into the nucleus to activate target genes. In addition, frizzled as membrane receptor and dishevelled in the cytoplasm are both significant steps of this pathway. Abnormal Wnt signaling pathways leads to excessive cell division and cancer (Sethi & Vidal-Puig, 2010). For treating cancers, controlling cell signaling pathways is effective. An example of this is regulating the activity of Notum, which is a phospholipase enzyme and can make the proteins in Wnt pathways deactivates, is a good drug target to control Wnt pathways (Nusse, 2015).
Figure - The Wnt signalling pathway (Reya & Clevers, 2005)]]> 2021-07-01 10:45:52 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1633252671 JessieRen0523 https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1638519797 Notch signaling pathway regulates cell fates and proliferation. Notch signalling pathway plays key role in neural differentiation, especially in embryonic development, including development of heart and stem cells. An essential point of Notch signaling pathway is its specific receptor, which is a single membrane subunit containing protein, and most Notch receptors are outside the cell and the other are inside the cell. Specially, the Notch receptors are also the Notch ligand which can bind with Notch receptors on other cell membrane and form Notch-Notch ligands. This process can start the Notch signalling pathway and finally start reactions in target genes. Another important point is a small subunit called the NCID, it can combine with Notch receptors and activate some functions in stream target. The aberrantly expression of Notch receptors and ligands is found in many cancers, so the Notch signalling pathway is vital direction in cancer study. The Notch receptor or ligand, NICD and its stream targets could provide some drug targets to treat cancers. Moreover, as Sethi & Vidal-Puig (2010) states, NICD and β-catenin have interaction effects and can cause opposing responses. It suggests that Notch signalling pathway and wnt signalling pathway are not noninterference and could affect each other.]]> 2021-07-06 07:38:44 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1638519797 JessieRen0523 https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1638519997 Hedgehog signalling pathway is also important in cellular differentiation. However, it is not only in embryonic cells, but also in adult organisms being silenced in most adult tissues. Hedgehog signalling pathway can be divided into Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), Indian Hedgehog (IHH) and Desert Hedgehog (DHH), and the SHH has the most research. Hh pathways are mainly controlled by two receptors, Patched and Smoothened. Binding with Patched receptors can inhibit the Smoothened pathway, so there are some points that the Hh pathway can not be inhibited normally in cancer cells and lead to cell over-proliferation. Some inhibitors of Hh pathways like SMO antagonists and Hh ligand antagonists are also ongoing the trials (Ruch & Kim, 2013). This research may treat cancer by creating balance in Hh pathway.]]> 2021-07-06 07:38:58 UTC https://padlet.com/usictech/ohkqnlpzec28121x/wish/1638519997