Causes:

• It occurs when the kidney slides from the normal position usually because it isn't securely held in place by the covering of fat which is the adipose capsule.

• When the body fat percentage drops, the adipose capsule which is made up of fatty tissue also starts to drop away.

• can also occur when someone experiences trauma.

Symptoms:

Nephroptosis is asymptomatic in most people.

• However, nephroptosis can be characterized by violent attacks of colicky flank pain, nausea, chills, hypertension, hematuria and proteinuria.

• People with symptomatic nephroptosis often complain of sharp pains that radiate into the groin. Many people also suggest a weighing feeling on the abdomen.

Treatment:

Nephropexy was performed in the past to stabilize the kidney, but presently surgery is not recommended in asymptomatic patients. A nephropexy does not guarantee the symptoms will go away. Laparoscopic nephropexy has recently become available for selected symptomatic patients.

References:

1. Moss SW, J Urol, Floating kidneys: a century of nephroptosis and nephropexy, 1997

   10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64296-4. PMID 9258063.

2. Eun, Daniel D, Medical mystery: No, she wasn't imagining that pain, The philadelphia inquirer, 2018

Symptoms:

• blood or excess protein in your urine, which may be microscopic and show up in urine tests

• high blood pressure

• swelling in your ankles and face

• frequent nighttime urination

• bubbly or foamy urine, from excess protein

• abdominal pain

• frequent nosebleeds

  
  

  Causes:

• Heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen (Advil) and naproxen (Aleve), may also be a risk factor

• The chronic form of GN can develop over several years with no or very few symptoms. This can cause irreversible damage to your kidneys and ultimately lead to complete kidney failure.

• Chronic GN doesn’t always have a clear cause. A genetic disease can sometimes cause chronic GN. Hereditary nephritis occurs in young men with poor vision and poor hearing

Treatment:

1. The first step in diagnosis is a urinalysis test. Blood and protein in urine are important markers for the disease.

2. One treatment is to control high blood pressure, especially if that’s the underlying cause of the GN.

3. Corticosteroids may also be used if your immune system is attacking your kidneys. They reduce the immune response.

For chronic GN, you’ll need to reduce the amount of protein, salt, and potassium in your diet. Additionally, you must watch how much liquid you drink

References:

1. Haider DG, Kidney biopsy in patients with glomerulonephritis: Is the earlier the better?, 2012 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-13-34

2. Haladyj E, Do we still need renal biopsy in lupus nephritis? , 2016 https://doi.org/10.5114/reum.2016.60214