Government-Unit 2 Vocabulary by Isabelle Taylor

Preamble

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The beginning section of the constitution which makes clear what to expect in the constitution. It shares the constitution's core values of justice, peace, welfare, defense, liberty, and prosperity,

Amendment

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A specific change or correction stated in the constitution. It shares the process of altering something through constitutional procedure.

Federalism

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A system of government that is controlled by two different levels of government. National governments are responsible for larger areas and states govern the local concerns.

Seperation of Powers

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Government being divided into three seperate branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. (Idea by Montesquieu)

Checks & Balances

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A system allowing each branch of government to limit the powers of other branches to prevent their abuse of power.

Legislative Branch

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A branch of government made up of Congress: the House of Representatives and the Senate. They make laws, declare war, regulate commerce, and control taxing and spending policies.

Executive Branch

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A branch of government with the President of the United States as the leader. They enforce laws, issue orders, and negotiate or sign treaties.

Judicial Branch

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A branch of government made up of courts and judges of the Supreme Court. They interpret the meaning of laws, apply laws to specific cases, and decide if they violate the Constitution.

Bill of Rights

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The first 10 ammendments of the US Constitution.

Ratification

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A formal confirmation or sanction.

State Powers

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Powers of the state government including health, welfare, and education. They are a reserved power.

National Powers

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Government that controls a nation, power over states and provinces to maintain foreign policies and requires a national army.

Concurrent Powers

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Powers shared by both the feral and state governments.

Surpremacy Clause

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Article VI, paragraph 2, which establishes federal law and constitution. It is a response to problems in the Articles of Confederation.

Judicial Review

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The judicial branch's court's abillity to declare a legislative or executive act in violation of the constitution; although it is not in the constitution itself.