Fordham Ch 4 Presentation by Willie Diaz https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq Add notes, links, videos, etc. to each question by clicking on the plus icon to add a post! en-us 2023-09-27 22:46:56 UTC 2023-09-28 00:40:22 UTC hello@padlet.com wdiaz131 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847043 How do national state-led consortia and individual state policies and initiatives influence the education of ELLs on the local district and school levels?]]> 2023-09-27 23:01:02 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847043 wdiaz131 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847179 How has the policy context surrounding the education of ELLs changed in the United States?]]> 2023-09-27 23:01:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847179 wdiaz131 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847333 How have the courts influenced the education of ELLs?]]> 2023-09-27 23:01:34 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847333 wdiaz131 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847585 How can educators use their understanding of the policy and legislative context surrounding ELL education to enhance their ELLs’ access to educational opportunities?


]]> 2023-09-27 23:02:00 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723847585 Professional Development https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723896115 State regulations ensure that all professionals supporting and working with ELLs are certified. Professional development ensures that we can support the students the best way we can.]]> 2023-09-28 00:18:18 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723896115 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723896521 Mandated use of supplemental materials in the classroom. 

]]> 2023-09-28 00:18:48 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723896521 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897091 2023-09-28 00:19:33 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897091 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897467 2023-09-28 00:20:01 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897467 Parent and Community Engagement https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897569 Accessible policies provides guidance for families and educators to ensure the best strategies are in place to support ELLs. It can promote parents to communicate and advocate. ]]> 2023-09-28 00:20:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897569 aperez1861 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897698 2023-09-28 00:20:17 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723897698 The U.S. Supreme Court's decision led to the creation of the Lau Plan, guidelines school districts can use to provide instruction to ELLs and ensure that they have equal access to education. https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898553 2023-09-28 00:21:19 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898553 Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898584 Courts have upheld the principle that ELL students, like all students, are entitled to equal protection under the law. This means that schools must provide ELL students with equal educational opportunities and access to programs and services.]]> 2023-09-28 00:21:21 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898584 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898687 2023-09-28 00:21:31 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898687 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898769 2023-09-28 00:21:38 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723898769 The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 prohibits discrimination against students. It also requires school districts and states' departments of education to take action to ensure equal participation for everyone, including removing language barriers for ELL students. https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899285 2023-09-28 00:21:50 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899285 Ramifications of Part 154 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899511 2023-09-28 00:21:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899511 Lau v. Nichols (1974): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899572 This landmark Supreme Court case ruled that schools must take affirmative steps to provide ELL students with equal access to educational opportunities. The Court held that failing to provide special assistance to ELL students constitutes a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.]]> 2023-09-28 00:21:58 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899572 aperez1861 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899972 2023-09-28 00:22:24 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899972 Title VII Bilingual Education act 1968-2002 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899990 -providing funding for bilingual education programs
-attempts to address challenges in educating ELLs]]> 2023-09-28 00:22:25 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723899990 No Child Left Behind 2002-16 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900348 -high-stake testing, no extra support for ELLs
-American schools want to be internationally competitive, significantly increased the federal role in holding schools responsible for the academic progress of all students]]> 2023-09-28 00:22:54 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900348 Castañeda v. Pickard (1981): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900416 This case established a three-part test to determine whether a school district's program for ELL students is adequate. The test considers whether the program has a legitimate educational purpose, is implemented effectively, and results in meaningful progress for ELL students.]]> 2023-09-28 00:22:59 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900416 Race to the Top 2009-15 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900569 college & career readiness standards for all students
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/issues/education/k-12/race-to-the-top]]> 2023-09-28 00:23:12 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723900569 Plyler v. Doe (1982): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901079 While not specifically about ELLs, this case affirmed that undocumented immigrant children have a right to a free public education. This ruling has had implications for ELL students who may be undocumented or from immigrant families.]]> 2023-09-28 00:23:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901079 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901322 2023-09-28 00:24:04 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901322 aperez1861 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901379 2023-09-28 00:24:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901379 Does English Language-Learner Classification Help or Hinder Students? https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901398 2023-09-28 00:24:11 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901398 On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. State-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901444 2023-09-28 00:24:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901444 Bilingual Education Act of 1968 (now Title III of ESSA): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901543 While not a court decision, the Bilingual Education Act (now part of the Every Student Succeeds Act, or ESSA) was influenced by legal and court-related pressures. This legislation provided federal funding to support bilingual and English language acquisition programs in schools serving ELLs.]]> 2023-09-28 00:24:22 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901543 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901683 2023-09-28 00:24:32 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901683 Funding Allocation https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901775 State funding can greatly impact ELLs education. Funds can be allocated to districts or schools with a higher proportion of ELLs to support specialized programs such as ESL or bilingual education. ]]> 2023-09-28 00:24:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901775 Flores v. Arizona (2009): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901929  This case challenged the adequacy of Arizona's programs for ELL students. The court ruled that Arizona had not provided sufficient resources to meet the needs of ELL students, emphasizing the importance of adequate funding for ELL education.]]> 2023-09-28 00:24:51 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723901929 ESSA (Every Student Succeeds Act, 2015): https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902597 ESSA includes provisions for the education of ELL students, outlining requirements for assessing English proficiency, setting language development goals, and reporting on the progress of ELL students. These provisions reflect the legal framework established by earlier court decisions.]]> 2023-09-28 00:25:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902597 Curriculum and Standards https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902672 National and state education bodies often set the standards and curriculum guidelines for ELL education. Districts and schools must then align their teaching materials and practices with these standards. ]]> 2023-09-28 00:25:44 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902672 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902688 2023-09-28 00:25:46 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902688 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902890 Initially, American schools value English over other languages, the school systems attempt to promote English proficiency by assimilating minority culture and discriminating against minority race.]]> 2023-09-28 00:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902890 How Well Are ELL Students Served? https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902895 2023-09-28 00:26:02 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902895 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902927 2023-09-28 00:26:04 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723902927 Farrington v. Tokushige https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903072 Court granted protections of after-school community language programs after education authorities tried to put restrictions on Japanese and Chinese heritage language programs.]]> 2023-09-28 00:26:09 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903072 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903158 2023-09-28 00:26:15 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903158 Laws and Regulations that Affect English Learners https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903664 2023-09-28 00:26:52 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903664 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903681 2023-09-28 00:26:53 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903681 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903940 2023-09-28 00:27:12 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723903940 Allocating Federal Funds for State Programs for English Language Learners https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723905535 2023-09-28 00:29:13 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723905535 wdiaz131 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723905762 2023-09-28 00:29:28 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723905762 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906289 2023-09-28 00:30:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906289 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906469 2023-09-28 00:30:16 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906469 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906558 2023-09-28 00:30:23 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723906558 Providing Equitable Education https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723907162 2023-09-28 00:31:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723907162 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908173 2023-09-28 00:32:20 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908173 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908404 2023-09-28 00:32:39 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908404 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908705 2023-09-28 00:33:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908705 Conclusion https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908810 Being knowledgeable about the educational policy on local, state, and federal levels, can help teachers better advocate for their ELL students. ]]> 2023-09-28 00:33:14 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723908810 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909323 2023-09-28 00:33:55 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909323 NYSED Bilingual and ENL https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909576 2023-09-28 00:34:10 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909576 Identifying, servicing, and reclassifying English Learners https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909722 State policies guide the identification, services, and reclassification of ELLs. States have different criteria for identifying ELLS such as language proficiency tests or home languages surveys. They also have policies for  how long they can be reclassified as proficient in English.

]]> 2023-09-28 00:34:21 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723909722 https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723913625 2023-09-28 00:39:05 UTC https://padlet.com/Fordham5420H01/oera1y30lsln4kmq/wish/2723913625