GR 11 BONDING & IMFs by Lizelle Swanepoel https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac en-us 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC 2023-02-08 09:41:22 UTC hello@padlet.com https://fthmb.tqn.com/XPGEvVTXrpqM8XvnofR9g5vDrbw=/1500x1000/filters:fill(auto,1)/Water-molecules-58f7d0815f9b581d598281ab.jpg CHEMICAL BONDING NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578866 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578866 BOND FORMATION & THE BOND ENERGY DIAGRAM lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578867 COVALENT BONDING


]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578867 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578868 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578868 MOLECULE SHAPES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578869 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578869 Shape 7: Octahedral shape lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578870 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578870 MOLECULE SHAPES AND VSEPR THEORY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578871 The shapes of molecules are determined using valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR) - it looks at the effects of repulsion between electrons and electron pairs and can be summarised into a few principles:
  •  Molecular shape is determined by minimising repulsion between negative electron pairs.
  • Electron pairs will always occupy the geometrical shape that corresponds to the lowest energy configuration.
  • Bond pairs (BP) of electrons repel LESS than lone pairs (LP) due to being localised:
     LPLP > BPLP > BPBP
]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578871 SHAPES OF SIMPLE MOLECULES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578872 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578872 PRACTICE PROBLEMS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578873 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578873 MOLECULAR GEOMETRY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578875 Molecule shapes ]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578875 AMMONIUM ION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578877 Once a dative covalent bond is formed, there is no difference between it and an ordinary covalent bond. The electron pair involved is usually represented by an arrow.
Formation of the NH4+ ion shown below:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578877 HYDRONIUM ION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578878 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578878 POLARITY: POLAR VS NON-POLAR VS. IONIC BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578879 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578879 MOLECULE SHAPES - NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578880 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578880 ID THE TYPE OF BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578881 Determine the difference in electronegativity values then decide the type of bond in the following list:
K2S, PCl3 , I2 , HI

Answer key:
K2S  ∆EN = 2.5-0.8 = 1.7  An ionic bond with polar covalent character
PCl3  ∆EN =
I2   ∆EN =
HI  ∆EN =]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578881 CHEMICAL BONDS VS. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578882 There is a distinction between chemical bonds and intermolecular forces.
  • Intramolecular forces = the forces that exist within a molecule (holding atoms together), these are proper chemical bonds.
  • Intermolecular forces = the forces that exist between molecules.

Intermolecular forces (IMF's) determine the melting and boiling points of substances.
]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578882 Molecule shape determined by number of lone pairs lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578883 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578883 EXERCISE ON POLARITY, BOND ANGLE AND MOLECULE SHAPE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578884 Do these questions:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578884 The table below shows you how to determine the shape of a molecule by considering the: lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578885 ·    number of lone pair electrons
·    number of electron pairs (electron cloud regions)
You are expected to know the following molecule shapes: linear, angular, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal and octahedral.
]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578885 INTERMOLECUALR FORCES VS INTRAMOLECULAR BONDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578886 Intramolecular bonds act WITHIN a molecule.
Intermolecular forces act BETWEEN molecules.]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578886 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578887 Answer Key:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578887 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578888 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578888 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES - EXIST BETWEEN MOLECULES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578890 A short summary of some of the different types of IMF's:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578890 1. LONDON FORCES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578891 London forces occur between non-polar molecules due to ELECTRON MOVEMENT.
  • Electrons are mobile in the orbitals of a molecule so that at any given moment it is possible that there is an uneven distribution of electrons in the molecule giving it a temporary dipole. 
  • This momentary dipole can induce a momentary (temporary) dipole in a neighbouring molecule resulting in a temporary weak attraction known as a LONDON DISPERSON FORCE. 

The strength of London forces between molecules increases with:
  • increased number of electrons (which leads to greater polarizability) 
  • increased size of electron cloud (“increased molecular mass” as generic statement results in a larger electron cloud that is more easily polarized)
  • increased surface area (linear isomers have stronger London forces than branched isomers due to greater contact between molecules)
]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578891 2. DIPOLE-DIPOLE INTERMOLECULAR FORCES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578892 This exists between polar molecules (molecules which are dipoles), e.g. between HCl molecules:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578892 3. HYDROGEN BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578893 Hydrogen bonding is a special type of dipole-dipole attraction and are only found when:

i)   hydrogen is covalently bonded to a small and highly electronegative nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine atom.

ii)  there is at least one lone pair on the N, O or F.
e.g. HF,   H2O,   NH3,   (plus all alcohols and carboxylic acids)
]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578893 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578895 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578895 Hydrogen Bonding Evidence from Boiling Points of the Hydrides lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578896 Explain the trend for H2O, NH3 and HF:]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578896 EXERCISE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578897 Check each numbered "bond"]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578897 ION INDUCED-DIPOLE FORCES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578899 E.G. In blood between iron ion and oxygen]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578899 EXERCISE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578900 List all types of IMFs that would occur in each of the following: 
a. CH3CF3        
b. CCl4
c.     SO2
d.     BrF
e.     CO2
f.      NH3
g.     Salt water
h.     Iron ions in your blood, transporting oxygen gas]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578900 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND PROPERTIES DUE TO IMF's lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578901 2022 notes]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578901 Physical properties depend on the strength of intermolecular forces lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578902 The stronger the forces between the molecules or particles:
(a) the higher the melting point
(b) the higher the boiling point
(c) the higher  the viscosity
(d) the higher the surface tension
(e) the lower the vapor pressure 

]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578902 PROPERTIES OF WATER DUE TO H-BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578903 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578903 Properties of water due to hydrogen bonding lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578905
  • High surface tension
  • High heat capacity
  • Capillary action due to cohesion and adhesion forces
  • Density change due to change in temperature

    • ]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578905     EXERCISE ON INTERMOLECULAR FORCES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578906  Consider the following list of substances.
    KBr (s)     CCl4 (l)      NH3 (g)      HCl (g)        Pb (s)        Ar (g)        Cl2 (g) 

    Select the substance which best matches the following descriptions: 1
    1 A monatomic substance with London forces between its particles.
    2 An excellent conductor of electricity, except in the solid phase. 
    3 A good solvent for non-polar solids. 
    4 A good example of a substance in which hydrogen bonds are found. 
    5 Contains dipole – dipole forces between its molecules. 
    6 Are non-polar molecules. 
    7 Contains delocalized electrons. 
    8 Ionic bonds hold the crystal lattice together. ]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578906     Why do substances dissolve (are miscible)? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578907
    1. When a solute dissolves, it’s particles proceed towards a state of greater DISORDER. 
    2. At the same time the solvent (a pure homogeneous substance) also becomes mixed with particles of a different kind. 
    3. There is an overall increase in disorder (called entropy), which is the driving force in the dissolution process. 
    4. Despite this increase in disorder, which aids dissolution, not all substances dissolve. 
    5. Two substances mix perfectly into solution (i.e. dissolve) if:
    • INTERMOLECULAR FORCES between the molecules/ions of the substance are OVERCOME. 
    • Therefore, when the forces between the molecules of the solute and solvent are of the same ORDER OF MAGNITUDE, then the molecules of the solvent can take the place of the molecules of the solute. 
    • The result is MIXING. 
    • LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE. 
    • Molecular crystals dissolve in non-polar solvents => solute forms Van der Waals LONDON Forces with solvent.
    • Ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents => ions of solute form ION-DIPOLE interactions with solvent. 
    ]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578907     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578908 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578908 IMF's ANIMATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578909 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578909 INTERPARTICLE FORCES IN SOLIDS - SUMMARY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578911 Generally referred to as "intermolecular" forces, although: 
    • network solids have interatomic forces between atoms forming a network
    • ionic solids (salts) have interionic forces between ions forming a crystal structure
    • metallic solids have electrostatic forces between cations & delocalised electron in a metal crystal structure
    ]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578911     WHAT ARE NETWORK SOLIDS? lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578912
    A network solid is a solid in which atoms are bonded by strong covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. The entire crystal is considered to be a macromolecule (a giant molecule).
    These giant molecules can be:
    • Plate-like, e.g. graphite
    • Three dimensional, e.g. diamond and silicon dioxide

    The strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms explain the hardness, chemical stability and very high melting points of these network solids.]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578912     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578913 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578913 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578914 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578914 Diamond vs Graphite lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578915
  • Diamond cannot conduct electricity, because it has no free electrons in its giant structure.
  • Graphite can conduct electricity, because it has free (mobile) electrons in its giant structure.
    • ]]>     2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578915     Silicon dioxide (SiO2) lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578916 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578916 ALLOTROPES OF CARBON lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578917 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578917 IONIC SOLIDS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578918 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578918 BONDING - ADDITIONAL NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578919 Covalent vs ionic vs metallic bonding]]> 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578919 INTERMOLECULAR FORCES - ADDITIONAL NOTES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578920 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578920 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578921 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578921 SOLUBILITY: APPLICATION OF POLARITY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578922 2021-08-10 20:45:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/1674578922 FORMING A COMPOUND = BOND MAKING = EXOTHERMIC PROCESS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2001430237 2022-01-19 20:35:30 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2001430237 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2001445790 2022-01-19 20:44:56 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2001445790 LEWIS STRUCTURES VS. COUPER STRUCTURES lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2002455214 2022-01-20 09:44:58 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2002455214 ENERGY DIAGRAM FOR COVALENT BOND FORMATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2004442098 Why is the potential energy in the graph negative?
    Think about bond making vs bond breaking
    Exothermic process vs endothermic process
    Check E-profiles for endo- and exothermic reactions

    ]]>     2022-01-21 06:28:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2004442098     BOND MAKING AND BOND BREAKING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2004539036 https://youtu.be/dvJaBUxaYuk]]> 2022-01-21 07:45:25 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2004539036 HOW THE ELECTRONS MOVE IN NON-POLAR MOLECULES IS SIMILAR TO MURMURATIONS lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2025204572 2022-02-02 12:02:49 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2025204572 EXERCISE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2025219701 2022-02-02 12:14:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2025219701 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2026905536 2022-02-03 06:53:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2026905536 HYDROGEN BONDING lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2026918354 2022-02-03 07:04:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2026918354 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2273668724 2022-08-28 07:12:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2273668724 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2273926766 2022-08-28 19:55:05 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2273926766 RULES FOR DRAWING A LEWIS STRUCTURE lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452903002 The least electronegative elements are in the center of Lewis structures, because:
    • Atom in the central position shares more of its electrons than does a terminal atom. 
    • Least spatial hinderance occur as a result.
    • Atoms with higher electronegative are generally more reluctant to share its electrons as they are close to an octet.
    ]]>     2023-01-23 08:33:47 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452903002     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452905382 2023-01-23 08:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452905382 lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452909322 2023-01-23 08:41:13 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452909322 Dative/Co-ordinate Covalent compounds lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452909861
  • A dative covalent bond is a bond that is formed by the overlapping of orbitals and the sharing of an electron pair both of which belong to one atom. 
  • The atom that contributes the electron pair (a lone pair) is electron rich - it is called the donor atom. 
  • The atom that accepts the electron pair is electron deficient - it is called the electron acceptor. 

    • ]]>     2023-01-23 08:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452909861     lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452916946 2023-01-23 08:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2452916946 POLARITY lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2461287079 Test for polarity:
    • Non-symmetrical 
    • Δ > 0
    ]]>     2023-01-30 12:24:09 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2461287079     POLARITY EXERCISE - MEMO lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2467349863 2023-02-03 09:58:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2467349863 IMFs ANIMATION lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2469698999 2023-02-06 08:27:23 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2469698999 ION-DIPOLE IMFs lizellexs https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2469709461 2023-02-06 08:36:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lizellexs/oei1ontahw3gotac/wish/2469709461