Historically, there always have been poor urban areas. These areas are underdeveloped and the local schools have a large overwhelming status of low student performance scores. Currently, there is a growing debate that urban areas produce low student performance.(Do you have any resource to support this claim?) As a teacher, I noticed that the student can perform well if given the resources and attention. Today developers are rebuilding the communities but the families are being relocated to other poor areas or even homeless. However, admittedly money is spent to make the neighborhood appear better but prices unaffordable for the poor.
Additionally, significant demographics and social correlated with child education advancement in urban area includes poverty, ge nder,case status,religion, mother education status. Atlanta has always been a city of movers and shakers, pushing new ideas and projects throughout the city. But what happens when it’s the cities neighborhoods that are being moved and shook? Gentrification is defined as the process of renovating or improving a district to raise its value to middle-class standards( citation). Notice the word “process” there. Gentrification is not an overnight occurrence that happens quickly. It takes intricate planning and even the execution takes years to complete. For Instance, “In the late 1950s, Atlanta embarked on its first attempt at “urban renewal”, which for many people at the time translated to “negro removal”, In fact, Atlanta has slowly been undergoing the process since the 1970’s.(whose statement is this? Darin Givens?or Cliff Albright? Please visit here https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1/  and learn how to cite APA style properly. You will need a page number and a person's name and a year of the published article for a direct quotation)
Darin Givens states, “ Cliff Albright. By raising land values, urban improvements can benefit the wealthy and hurt the the poor. Longtime residents — renters are primarily vulnerable to this — can be priced out of neighborhoods they’ve been advocates for, unable to enjoy the results of their efforts.
It’s a troubling scenario that unfairly pits lower-income residents against proposals for things like new parks and bike lanes and reductions in blight; with the stakes being the ability to stay in their homes.
Redistributing the entire neighborhoods impacts the local schools as well. The students are revamped into another low performance school. All the work teachers, administrators, and parents  put into work helping their  students achieve academic excellence becomes void. How can we rebuild our neighborhoods and help developers earn profits without displacing our urban families? (okay, so what kinds of an interdisciplinary way can be used to solve your problem?)

2:2
One Article states, Back in 2014, Spike Lee famously expressed his distance for the forces of gentrification in New York: “Why does it take an influx of white New Yorkers in the south Bronx, in Harlem, in Bed Stuy, in Crown Heights for the facilities to get better?” he argued. “What about the people who are renting? They can’t afford it anymore!” Lee’s criticisms reflect a now-familiar narrative in cities all over the U.S.: As wealthier residents flow back into once-low-income, often minority neighborhoods, longtime residents can be priced out.” The Atlantic Magazine, 09/16/15.
Gentrification will cause us to use two disciplines:
Child Growth & Development-Psychologists 
Family & Community Literacy- Developers/Residents
 (Okay, here you might need to tight up your research study and two disciplines you chose. I am not really following your thoughts about gentrification, the article you chose, and two disciplines. Also, you need to state that what are important sights into the problem offered by two or more disciplines)
2:3
The idea that gentrification and urban revival are essentially the same thing is one that even some of the most sophisticated students of city life prefer not to discuss. Even governments are a little shaky about discussing this development. Psychologist would agree that this will help the inner cities but still harm the families. (I like how you explained that no single discipline has been able to address the problem comprehensively. You just need more resources to back up your argument)

2:4
A. Ehrenhalt states it best, “One thing we are learning about gentrification is that it doesn’t take huge numbers to produce profound effects. The evidence so far suggests that in any city with a population of half a million, a central city population of 25,000 -- 5 percent of the total -- is enough to create vibrant communities downtown and in the neighborhoods that surround it. The 5 percent threshold is one that dozens of American cities seem certain to cross before the next decade is out.”
Overall, this is definitely a hot topic. We have a lot of unresolved issues to address. Where do people go when they live in places for long period of times. How can we make thing better for both parties he Communities, Cities, and the developers.(Good job here!)

Historically, there always have been poor urban areas. These areas are underdeveloped and the local schools have a large overwhelming status of low student performance scores. Currently, there is a growing debate that urban areas produce low student performance. For example,” The report finds that there is strong and steadily growing evidence that families can improve their children academic performance in school and have a major impact on attendance and behavior. Children at risk of failure or poor performance can profit from the extra support that engaged families and communities provide. All students, but especially those in middle and high school, would benefit if schools supported parents in helping children at home and in guiding their educational career.” Henderson, Anne T.; Mapp, Karen L (2002). A New Wave of Evidence: The Impact of School, Family, and Community Connections on Student Achievement. Annual Synthesis, 2002. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED474521As a teacher, I noticed that the student can perform well if given the resources and attention. Today developers are rebuilding the communities but the families are being relocated to other poor areas or even homeless. However, admittedly money is spent to make the neighborhood appear better but prices unaffordable for the poor.
Additionally, significant demographics and social correlated with child education advancement in urban area includes poverty, gender, case status, religion, and mother education status. Atlanta has always been a city of movers and shakers, pushing new ideas and projects throughout the city. But what happens when it’s the city’s neighborhoods that are being moved and shook? Gentrification is defined as the process of renovating or improving a district to raise its value to middle-class standards (www.reddit.com ). Notice the word “process” there. Gentrification is not an overnight occurrence that happens quickly. It takes intricate planning and even the execution takes years to complete. Cliff Albright states, “In the late 1950s, Atlanta embarked on its first attempt at “urban renewal”, which for many people at the time translated to “negro removal.” Albright, Cliff (2017, Nov 10). In Atlanta, a neighborhood is resisting the use of eminent domain, which allows government to take private property for public use. Retrieved from www.theguardian.com (2018, June 20, 2018). By raising land values, urban improvements can benefit the wealthy and hurt the poor. Longtime residents — renters are primarily vulnerable to this — can be priced out of neighborhoods they’ve been advocates for, unable to enjoy the results of their efforts.
It’s a troubling scenario that unfairly pits lower-income residents against proposals for things like new parks and bike lanes and reductions in blight; with the stakes being the ability to stay in their homes.
Redistributing the entire neighborhoods impacts the local schools as well. The students are revamped into another low performance school. All the work teachers, administrators, and parents put into work helping their students achieve academic excellence becomes void. How can we rebuild our neighborhoods and help developers earn profits without displacing our urban families? Maybe considering two Interdisplinary approaches; Sociologist and Architects/Planning Developers

 

To assess how gentrification has reshaped urban neighborhoods, Governing analyzed demographic data for the nation’s 50 most populous cities.
Below is a data chart showing the results in Georgia urban areas. (Atlanta Gentrification Map and Data” www.governing.com)
What is Gentrification? Again, in simplistic terms signifies displacement of the poor, mostly minorities in poor urban areas. The housing market is in the business and the social market is suffering.

One Article states, Back in 2014, Spike Lee famously expressed his distance for the forces of gentrification in New York: “Why does it take an influx of white New Yorkers in the south Bronx, in Harlem, in Bed Stuy, in Crown Heights for the facilities to get better?” he argued. “What about the people who are renting? They can’t afford it anymore!” Lee’s criticisms reflect a now-familiar narrative in cities all over the U.S.: As wealthier residents flow back into once-low-income, often minority neighborhoods, longtime residents can be priced out.” The Atlantic Magazine, 09/16/15.
Gentrification will cause us to use two disciplines:
Child Growth & Development-Sociologist
Family & Community Literacy- Developers/Residents

The idea that gentrification and urban revival are essentially the same thing is one that even some of the most sophisticated students of city life prefer not to discuss. Even governments are a little shaky about discussing this development. Sociologists  would agree that this will help the inner cities but still harm the families. 
A. Ehrenhalt states it best, “One thing we are learning about gentrification is that it doesn’t take huge numbers to produce profound effects. The evidence so far suggests that in any city with a population of half a million, a central city population of 25,000 -- 5 percent of the total -- is enough to create vibrant communities downtown and in the neighborhoods that surround it. The 5 percent threshold is one that dozens of American cities seem certain to cross before the next decade is out.”
Overall, this is definitely a hot topic. We have a lot of unresolved issues to address. Where do people go when they live in places for long period of times. How can we make thing better for both parties he Communities, Cities, and the developers.

Neighborhoods have been a key unit of analysis in urban studies for nearly a century, but defining neighborhoods has remained a subject of continuing debate. Sociocultural understandings of neighborhoods explain the process of defining neighborhood identities and boundaries as a consensus reached through social interactions and mediated by the “strength” of neighborhood boundaries, based on “natural” divides (e.g., rivers, highways), distinctive landmarks, or an area’s local history. This perspective, however, ignores the unequal relationships that often come with neighborhood transitions. Although the political economy of place perspective emphasizes the role of inequality in shaping the urban landscape, it largely overlooks the entities internal to the neighborhood that are embedded within the broader political economy and may also contribute to how people define neighborhoods. This study sheds light on the social construction of neighborhoods by examining how residents in a gentrifying area define their neighborhood identity and boundaries. Gentrification offers a case in which salient socioeconomic differences characterize the demographic shifts in a neighborhood, allowing me to assess how unequal relationships influence residents’ socially constructed neighborhoods and are associated with how neighborhood definitions change or remain the same. As gentrification has become widespread and rapid since the 1990s, it represents an increasingly common example of demographic shifts in the contemporary urban landscape. In such a context, residents compete to legitimate their presence in a neighborhood by engaging in boundary work (Lamont and Molnar 2002; Martin 2008). One way in which residents negotiate their presence in a neighborhood is through the practice of defining their neighborhood.

“Understanding the political ecologies of gentrification involves recognizing the ways in which material relations and uneven resource consumption, concepts of nature, and the politics of urban environmental management affect gentrification processes. “Noah Quastel (2013) Political Ecologies of Gentrification, Urban Geography, 30:7, 694-725, DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.30.7.694  

Through my site visit I notice that The Haven Learning Center, helps communities with providing services for Home schoolers and ADHD students.  Unfortunately, the center more middle class than urban. So it wasn’t really effected by Gentrification. Consequently, this site was no value for me to use for study on the effects of Gentrification on the urban communities development. Additionally, how students low academic achievements were caused by being displaced from developers. 

Angela, thanks for your draft. I think we can improve your draft more by editing following parts. Here are some suggestions. You spent a lot of time on explaining gentrification by providing quotations and sources from the article/news paper. In your STEP3, we want you to focus more on identifying relevant disciplines and narrowing them down. Your explanation of the social phenomenon of the gentrification should be succinct and if you want to use your paragraphs, these can go to your STEP1. Instead of explaining a lot about the gentrification, you need to add the possible relevant disciplines. What are the kinds of disciplines in your mind? Provide at least two disciplines and explain why these are important and relevant to your research problem.  Also, I am sorry to hear that your site visit experience did not work out well. However, you still can provide some insights/suggestions on what kinds of services would be helpful for your research problem and maybe a possible future site for visiting. 

My insights from Two PlayPosit videos I watched that I thought was relevant to my research and disciplines. The Child Growth and Development and Family & community Literacy Playposit. 

Dr. Kwon is originally from South Korea Child Development at Perdue  Purdue  seven yrs in Korea and two years in the state. The field of child development psychology and education.Think that children have many layers or aspects on child environment school family in their development.   Having direct contact/interaction with child is a must in CD. Children have impact on the environment. Childhood development is in the range from birth to 5 grade. Non profit  and profit organization that deal with at risk children.  (This whole paragraph looks like a memo/note from the video. You need to make these to complete sentences in your final response. Your STEP4 should look natural texts and prose-like ) Dr. Kwon has a research team for Her project is called Little Mathematician. She examines development of mathematical and numerical concepts in children.   Her research team seem like they enjoy watching the kids learn math in a game like way while they take assestments assessments. 

(So, what's your insights on this video? you need to include this here)

The second video was on Family and Community. Dr. Greenberg is a leading scholar in the area of adult literacy. She is the founder of the Center for the Study of Adult Literacy in our college. Literacy is define as an individual ability to read, write and speak in English, and compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job and in society, to achieve one’s goals, and develop one’s knowledge and potention.” The National Literacy Act of 1991

This has open my mind about adults being able to function and have literacy. Mainly focus on what they want to learn.1out of 6 adults read at elementary level. This impacts correspondence with schools, health, workplace, intergenerational transfer of skills. I think this video is a help understanding certain urban communities. (good insights) We can’t say that it just in low income neighborhood. Adult literacy is all over. 16 is the age of entering the class and also the age you can drop out of school. ESL-speaking English, 3^rd grade Basic skills, 5^th and below functional skills, pre-GED GED-high school, Developmental/Remedial-college. Different approaches to literacy family, workplace, community, 1:1 Tutoring, Small Group instruction

 

1.      Agarwal, S., M.B.B.S., & Srivastava, A., PhD. (2009). Social determinants of children's health in urban         areas in India. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(4), 68-89. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/220587167?accountid=11226

 

In this article, researchers study the children of the urban poor in India suffer a much poorer health status than the urban non-poor, influenced to a large extent by social determinants. In this paper, National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06) data were analyzed to assess the health status of urban poor children vis-à-vis the non-poor, and to identify the social determinants precipitating disparities. The analysis shows sharp disparity between child health indicators between urban poor and non-poor. 

 

2.      Bocquier, P., Madise, N. J., & Zulu, E. M. (2011). Is there an urban advantage in child survival in   sub-saharan africa? evidence from 18 countries in the 1990s. Demography, 48(2), 531-         58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0019-2

 

This research focus on the evidence of higher child mortality of rural-to- urban migrants compared with urban nonmigrants is growing. However, less attention has been paid to comparing the situation of the same families before and after they migrate with the situation of urban -to-rural migrants. We use DHS data from 18 African countries to compare child mortality rates of six groups based on their mothers' migration status: rural nonimmigrants; urban nonimmigrants; rural-to- urban migrants before and after they migrate; and urban -to-rural migrants before and after they migrate. 

 

3.      ISLAM, M. M., & AZAD, K. M. A. K. (2008). RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD                             SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND                       POOR DISADVANTAGED? Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(1), 83-96.                                      doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021932007002271

 

This paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children's survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999-2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban -rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural- urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant-native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. 

 

4.      House appropriations subcommittee on transportation, housing and urban development, and                       related agencies hearing. (2011). (). Washington: Federal Information & News                                Dispatch, Inc. Retrieved from Research Library Retrieved from                                                                     http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/856831916?accountid=11226

This data explains the Federal Reserve and Treasury helped keep mortgage interest rates at record lows. Because low interest rates only matter if there are mortgages available at those rates, the Administration also provided critical support for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, while HUD's Federal Housing Administration (FHA) stepped in to play its critical countercyclical role in helping to stabilize the housing market.

 

5.      Shen, Tiefu,M.D., PhD., Habicht, Jean-Pierre,M.D., PhD., & Chang, Y., M.D. (1996). Effect of         economic reforms on child growth in urban and rural areas of china. The New England                            Journal of Medicine, 335(6), 400-406. Retrieved from                                                                                     http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/223974616?accountid=11226

This research study explores the country of China and its urban areas starting from the beginning of 1978, China implemented economic reforms to transform the economy to a free-market system. We compared the effect of the reforms on the growth of children in urban and  rural areas.

 Methods 

Using data from five large cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1975 and 1992, we examined the trends in height for age of children two to five years of age in urban and rural areas. Mean height for age was expressed as the height in centimeters adjusted to a reference value of 99.1 cm for a 42-month-old boy. 

Results 

Height increased before and during the economic reforms. In 1975, the average height of children in periurban rural areas was about 3.5 cm less than that of children in urban areas. Between 1975 and 1985, the average height of children in periurban rural areas increased by 2.0  cm, as compared with 1.3 cm in urban children . Between 1987 and 1992, the average height of both urban and rural children increased, but the net increase for rural children was only one fifth that for urban children (0.5 vs. 2.5 cm). In a 1990 survey of seven provinces, the rural mean height was 92.5 cm, as compared with the urban 

 

6.      Macrosytems-Immediate environments, Exosystem settings where there is a link between an immediate setting, Microsystem family, peers, school, and church group relationships.

Tannenbaum, R. (2015, Jan. 5). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LBk7OkhNDk 

7.      Just a visual of the Bronfenbrenner’s Chart

The Psychology Notes HQ. (2013, Nov. 3). What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory.

8.      Adult literacy is definitely something that I must consider with gentrification. In this ted talks Dr. Greenberg talks about how adult literacy impacts our tax base educated adults have higher paying jobs paying more taxes. Low literacy also impacts our ability to compete globally.

Greenberg, D. (2013, Nov. 28). TEDx Talks: Do we care about us?

9.      Map and Article about gentrification is included. This magazine speaks on urban renewal projects throughout the US cities in the range from 1950’s  and 60’s. 

 

10.  Ms. Gore created a blog to talk about her experience with gentrification. Especially how this was a home that her dad built and she was out the country when they were going to bulldoze her father house. 

Gore, A. (2015, Sept. 24). Psychology Today. “When Gentrification Hits Home.” https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-and-happiness/201509/when-gentrification-hits-home

11.  The NY Times discuss what does Gentrification look likes in an white city. This articles goes on to discuss about how people write and talk about gentrification in numbers, statistic and in economic terms. But is not focusing on the area’s itself. 

Matsuda, W. (2018, May 16). NYTimes. “What Does Gentrification Look Like in an Overwhelmingly White City.” https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/lens/what-does-gentrification-look-like-in-an-overwhelmingly-white-city.html

12.  This article review in the Chicago tribune was about a playwright Theater show about gentrification.  This play suggested that it leaves the audience wondering how much is literal and how much is imagined in this world on gentrification. Displacement is seeping out from all the areas around us. 

Reid, K. (2018, June 7). Chicago Tribune. “What are we doing here? Gentrification issues and real scares in The Displaced.” http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/reviews/ct-ent-displaced-haven-review-0611-story.html

 

13.  Stafford, L. (2017, July 13) AJC. “The Atlanta Beltline may be a success, but it comes with a dark side for many.” https://www.myajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/the-atlanta-beltline-may-success-but-comes-with-dark-side-for-many/eZJADH0X8vl9yBQyGD7E5L/

 

14.  Brooklyn Heights Blog. (2010, April 5). The Story of New York’s First Historic District http://brooklynheightsblog.com/archives/17343

 

This article in the Governing Journal talks about Columbia Heights in Washington, D.C, is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in the county.

 

15.  Maciag, M. (2015, Feb.) Gentrification in America Report.

http://www.governing.com/gov-data/census/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html

 

Reference List

Agarwal, S., M.B.B.S., & Srivastava, A., PhD. (2009). Social determinants of children's health in urban         areas in india. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(4), 68-89. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/220587167?accountid=11226

 

Bocquier, P., Madise, N. J., & Zulu, E. M. (2011). Is there an urban advantage in child survival in   sub-saharan africa? evidence from 18 countries in the 1990s. Demography, 48(2), 531-          58.                                          doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0019-2

 

ISLAM, M. M., & AZAD, K. M. A. K. (2008). RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD                             SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED? Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(1), 83-96.                                    doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021932007002271

House appropriations subcommittee on transportation, housing and urban development, and                                       related agencies hearing. (2011). (). Washington: Federal Information & News                                                Dispatch, Inc. Retrieved from Research Library Retrieved from                                                                     http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/856831916?accountid=11226

 

Shen, Tiefu,M.D., PhD., Habicht, Jean-Pierre,M.D., PhD., & Chang, Y., M.D. (1996). Effect of         economic reforms on child growth in urban and rural areas of china. The New England                     Journal of Medicine, 335(6), 400-406. Retrieved from                

 

Macrosytems-Immediate environments, Exosystem settings where there is a link between an immediate setting, Microsystem family, peers, school, and church group relationships.

Tannenbaum, R. (2015, Jan. 5). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LBk7OkhNDk 

The Psychology Notes HQ. (2013, Nov. 3). What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory.

Adult literacy is definitely something that I must consider with gentrification. In this ted talks Dr. Greenberg talks about how adult literacy impacts our tax base educated adults have higher paying jobs paying more taxes. Low literacy also impacts our ability to compete globally.

Greenberg, D. (2013, Nov. 28). TEDx Talks: Do we care about us?

Map and Article about gentrification is included. This magazine speaks on urban renewal projects throughout the US cities in the range from 1950’s  and 60’s. 

Miller, G. (2017, Dec. 15) National Geographic. “Maps Show How Tearing Down City Slums Displaced Thousands.” https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/urban-renewal-projects-maps-united-states/?_ga=2.168111143.766209018.1530488904-863861215.1530488904

Ms. Gore created a blog to talk about her experience with gentrification. Especially how this was a home that her dad built and she was out the country when they were going to bulldoze her father house. 

Gore, A. (2015, Sept. 24). Psychology Today. “When Gentrification Hits Home.” https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-and-happiness/201509/when-gentrification-hits-home

The NY Times discuss what does Gentrification look likes in an white city. This articles goes on to discuss about how people write and talk about gentrification in numbers, statistic and in economic terms. But is not focusing on the area’s itself. 

Matsuda, W. (2018, May 16). NYTimes. “What Does Gentrification Look Like in an Overwhelmingly White City.” https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/lens/what-does-gentrification-look-like-in-an-overwhelmingly-white-city.html

This article review in the Chicago tribune was about a playwright Theater show about gentrification.  This play suggested that it leaves the audience wondering how much is literal and how much is imagined in this world on gentrification. Displacement is seeping out from all the areas around us. 

Reid, K. (2018, June 7). Chicago Tribune. “What are we doing here? Gentrification issues and real scares in The Displaced.” http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/reviews/ct-ent-displaced-haven-review-0611-story.html

 

Stafford, L. (2017, July 13) AJC. “The Atlanta Beltline may be a success, but it comes with a dark side for many.” https://www.myajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/the-atlanta-beltline-may-success-but-comes-with-dark-side-for-many/eZJADH0X8vl9yBQyGD7E5L/

Brooklyn Heights Blog. (2010, April 5). The Story of New York’s First Historic District http://brooklynheightsblog.com/archives/17343

This article in the Governing Journal talks about Columbia Heights in Washington, D.C, is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in the county.

 

Maciag, M. (2015, Feb.) Gentrification in America Report.

http://www.governing.com/gov-data/census/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html

Angela, you have a good start! You have all components required for step 4. However, there still some parts you can improve your draft. First, you may want to proofread your posting before you post your final version. I found some minor mechanical errors, so make it sure to post the errorless final version. Second, although you provided information on two playposit videos you watched, there were insights from the one video. What did you learn from Dr. Kwon’s video and how this could be helpful/not helpful for your research? Please provide insights from both videos in your final version. 

My insights from Two Play Posit videos I watched that I thought was relevant to my research and disciplines. The Child Growth and Development and Family & community Literacy Play posit. 

The first discipline video was on Child Growth and Development with Dr. Kwon. Dr. Kwon is from South Korea, for 7 years she taught in Korea and 2 years in the state. In this field I did not know that children have many layers or aspects that contributes to their development; for example, community environment, school, and family. Having direct contact/interaction with child is a must in CD (Childhood Development). Childhood development starts in the range from birth to 5th grade. Additionally, Kwon has a research team that work with her on a project called Little Mathematician. She examines development of mathematical and numerical concepts in children.  I love to hear how the children was engaged in the math activities.  Her research team seem like they too enjoyed watching the kids learn math in a game like atmosphere while they take assessments.  This video was kind of helpful because as an adult you was able to view the causes and effect of a child’s development. On the other hand Dr. Kwon, seem like she was having a recruiting session for her research project. 

The second video was on Family and Community. Dr. Greenberg is a leading scholar in the area of adult literacy. She is the founder of the Center for the Study of Adult Literacy in our college. Literacy is define as an individual ability to read, write and speak in English, and compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job and in society, to achieve one’s goals, and develop one’s knowledge and potention.” The National Literacy Act of 1991. This has open my mind about adults being able to function and have literacy. Mainly focus on what they want to learn. One out of six adults read at elementary level. This impacts correspondence with schools, health, workplace, intergenerational transfer of skills. I think this video is a help understanding certain urban communities. We can’t say that it just in low income neighborhood. Adult literacy is all over. 16 is the age of entering the class and also the age you can drop out of school. ESL-speaking English, 3^rd grade Basic skills, 5^th and below functional skills, pre-GED GED-high school, Developmental/Remedial-college. Different approaches to literacy family, workplace, community, 1:1 Tutoring, Small Group instruction. Now this video was great help for me. The reason being is because I had no clue how deep literacy is for adults. Also, it made me see how easy it is for some adults to be filled with anxiety and embarrassed to not truly understand simple instructions.  Indeed, this video was heartbreaking and definitely need to be addressed first before I can even discuss gentrification.

 

1.      Agarwal, S., M.B.B.S., & Srivastava, A., PhD. (2009). Social determinants of children's health in urban         areas in India. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(4), 68-89. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/220587167?accountid=11226

 

In this article, researchers study the children of the urban poor in India suffer a much poorer health status than the urban non-poor, influenced to a large extent by social determinants. In this paper, National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-06) data were analyzed to assess the health status of urban poor children vis-à-vis the non-poor, and to identify the social determinants precipitating disparities. The analysis shows sharp disparity between child health indicators between urban poor and non-poor. 

 

2.      Bocquier, P., Madise, N. J., & Zulu, E. M. (2011). Is there an urban advantage in child survival in   sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from 18 countries in the 1990s. Demography, 48(2), 531-58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0019-2

 

This research focus on the evidence of higher child mortality of rural-to- urban migrants compared with urban nonimmigrants is growing. However, less attention has been paid to comparing the situation of the same families before and after they migrate with the situation of urban -to-rural migrants. We use DHS data from 18 African countries to compare child mortality rates of six groups based on their mothers' migration status: rural nonimmigrants; urban nonimmigrants; rural-to- urban migrants before and after they migrate; and urban -to-rural migrants before and after they migrate. 

 

3.      ISLAM, M. M., & AZAD, K. M. A. K. (2008). RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED? Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(1), 83-96.  doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021932007002271

 

This paper analyses the levels and trends of childhood mortality in urban Bangladesh, and examines whether children's survival chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor. It also examines the determinants of child survival in urban Bangladesh. Data come from the 1999-2000 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The results indicate that, although the indices of infant and child mortality are consistently better in urban areas, the urban -rural differentials in childhood mortality have diminished in recent years. The study identifies two distinct child morality regimes in urban Bangladesh: one for urban natives and one for rural- urban migrants. Under-five mortality is higher among children born to urban migrants compared with children born to life-long urban natives (102 and 62 per 1000 live births, respectively). The migrant-native mortality differentials more-or-less correspond with the differences in socioeconomic status. 

 

4.      House appropriations subcommittee on transportation, housing and urban development, and related agencies hearing. (2011). (). Washington: Federal Information & News Dispatch, Inc. Retrieved from Research Library Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/856831916?accountid=11226

This data explains the Federal Reserve and Treasury helped keep mortgage interest rates at record lows. Because low interest rates only matter if there are mortgages available at those rates, the Administration also provided critical support for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, while HUD's Federal Housing Administration (FHA) stepped in to play its critical countercyclical role in helping to stabilize the housing market.

 

5.      Shen, Tiefu,M.D., PhD., Habicht, Jean-Pierre,M.D., PhD., & Chang, Y., M.D. (1996). Effect of economic reforms on child growth in urban and rural areas of china. The New England Journal of Medicine, 335(6), 400-406. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/223974616?accountid=11226

This research study explores the country of China and its urban areas starting from the beginning of 1978, China implemented economic reforms to transform the economy to a free-market system. We compared the effect of the reforms on the growth of children in urban and rural areas.

 Methods 

Using data from five large cross-sectional surveys conducted between 1975 and 1992, we examined the trends in height for age of children two to five years of age in urban and rural areas. Mean height for age was expressed as the height in centimeters adjusted to a reference value of 99.1 cm for a 42-month-old boy. 

Results 

Height increased before and during the economic reforms. In 1975, the average height of children in per urban rural areas was about 3.5 cm less than that of children in urban areas. Between 1975 and 1985, the average height of children in per urban rural areas increased by 2.0  cm, as compared with 1.3 cm in urban children . Between 1987 and 1992, the average height of both urban and rural children increased, but the net increase for rural children was only one fifth that for urban children (0.5 vs. 2.5 cm). In a 1990 survey of seven provinces, the rural mean height was 92.5 cm, as compared with the urban 

 

6.      Macrosytems-Immediate environments, Exosystemic settings where there is a link between an immediate setting, Microsystem family, peers, school, and church group relationships.

Tannenbaum, R. (2015, Jan. 5). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LBk7OkhNDk 

7.      Just a visual of the Bronfenbrenner’s Chart

The Psychology Notes HQ. (2013, Nov. 3). What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory?

8.      Adult literacy is definitely something that I must consider with gentrification. In this ted talks Dr. Greenberg talks about how adult literacy impacts our tax base educated adults have higher paying jobs paying more taxes. Low literacy also impacts our ability to compete globally.

Greenberg, D. (2013, Nov. 28). TEDx Talks: Do we care about us?

9.      Map and Article about gentrification is included. This magazine speaks on urban renewal projects throughout the US cities in the range from 1950’s and 60’s. 

Miller, G. (2017, Dec. 15) National Geographic. “Maps Show How Tearing Down City Slums Displaced Thousands https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/urban-renewal-projects-maps-united-states/?_ga=2.168111143.766209018.1530488904-863861215.1530488904

10.  Ms. Gore created a blog to talk about her experience with gentrification. Especially how this was a home that her dad built and she was out the country when they were going to bulldoze her father house. 

Gore, A. (2015, Sept. 24). Psychology Today. “When Gentrification Hits Home.” https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-and-happiness/201509/when-gentrification-hits-home

11.  The NY Times discuss what does Gentrification look likes in an white city. This articles goes on to discuss about how people write and talk about gentrification in numbers, statistic and in economic terms. But is not focusing on the area’s itself. 

Matsuda, W. (2018, May 16). NYTimes. “What Does Gentrification Look Like in an Overwhelmingly White City.” https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/lens/what-does-gentrification-look-like-in-an-overwhelmingly-white-city.html

12.  This article review in the Chicago tribune was about a playwright Theater show about gentrification.  This play suggested that it leaves the audience wondering how much is literal and how much is imagined in this world on gentrification. Displacement is seeping out from all the areas around us. 

Reid, K. (2018, June 7). Chicago Tribune. “What are we doing here? Gentrification issues and real scares in The Displaced.” http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/reviews/ct-ent-displaced-haven-review-0611-story.html

 

13.  Stafford, L. (2017, July 13) AJC. “The Atlanta Beltline may be a success, but it comes with a dark side for many.” https://www.myajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/the-atlanta-beltline-may-success-but-comes-with-dark-side-for-many/eZJADH0X8vl9yBQyGD7E5L/

 

14.  Brooklyn Heights Blog. (2010, April 5). The Story of New York’s First Historic District http://brooklynheightsblog.com/archives/17343

 

This article in the Governing Journal talks about Columbia Heights in Washington, D.C, is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in the county.

 

15.  Maciag, M. (2015, Feb.) Gentrification in America Report.

http://www.governing.com/gov-data/census/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html

 

Reference List

Agarwal, S., M.B.B.S., & Srivastava, A., PhD. (2009). Social determinants of children's health in urban         areas in India. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(4), 68-89. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/220587167?accountid=11226

Bocquier, P., Madise, N. J., & Zulu, E. M. (2011). Is there an urban advantage in child survival in   sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from 18 countries in the 1990s. Demography, 48(2), 531-58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13524-011-0019-2

ISLAM, M. M., & AZAD, K. M. A. K. (2008). RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION AND CHILD SURVIVAL IN URBAN BANGLADESH: ARE THE URBAN MIGRANTS AND POOR DISADVANTAGED? Journal of Biosocial Science, 40(1), 83-96.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0021932007002271

House appropriations subcommittee on transportation, housing and urban development, and related agencies hearing. (2011). (). Washington: Federal Information & News Dispatch, Inc. Retrieved from Research Library Retrieved from http://ezproxy.gsu.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/856831916?accountid=11226

 

Shen, Tiefu,M.D., PhD., Habicht, Jean-Pierre,M.D., PhD., & Chang, Y., M.D. (1996). Effect of economic reforms on child growth in urban and rural areas of china. The New England Journal of Medicine, 335(6), 400-406.                

Macrosytems-Immediate environments, Exosystem settings where there is a link between an immediate setting, Microsystem family, peers, school, and church group relationships.

Tannenbaum, R. (2015, Jan. 5). Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LBk7OkhNDk 

 

The Psychology Notes HQ. (2013, Nov. 3). What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory. https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/bronfenbrenner-ecological-theory/

Adult literacy is definitely something that I must consider with gentrification. In this ted talks Dr. Greenberg talks about how adult literacy impacts our tax base educated adults have higher paying jobs paying more taxes. Low literacy also impacts our ability to compete globally.

Greenberg, D. (2013, Nov. 28). TEDx Talks: Do we care about us?

Map and Article about gentrification is included. This magazine speaks on urban renewal projects throughout the US cities in the range from 1950’s  and 60’s. 

Miller, G. (2017, Dec. 15) National Geographic. “Maps Show How Tearing Down City Slums Displaced Thousands.” https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/12/urban-renewal-projects-maps-united-states/?_ga=2.168111143.766209018.1530488904-863861215.1530488904

Ms. Gore created a blog to talk about her experience with gentrification. Especially how this was a home that her dad built and she was out the country when they were going to bulldoze her father house. 

Gore, A. (2015, Sept. 24). Psychology Today. “When Gentrification Hits Home.” https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-and-happiness/201509/when-gentrification-hits-home

The NY Times discuss what does Gentrification look likes in an white city. This articles goes on to discuss about how people write and talk about gentrification in numbers, statistic and in economic terms. But is not focusing on the area’s itself. 

Matsuda, W. (2018, May 16). NYTimes. “What Does Gentrification Look Like in an Overwhelmingly White City.” https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/16/lens/what-does-gentrification-look-like-in-an-overwhelmingly-white-city.html

This article review in the Chicago tribune was about a playwright Theater show about gentrification.  This play suggested that it leaves the audience wondering how much is literal and how much is imagined in this world on gentrification. Displacement is seeping out from all the areas around us. 

Reid, K. (2018, June 7). Chicago Tribune. “What are we doing here? Gentrification issues and real scares in The Displaced.” http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/theater/reviews/ct-ent-displaced-haven-review-0611-story.html

 

Stafford, L. (2017, July 13) AJC. “The Atlanta Beltline may be a success, but it comes with a dark side for many.” https://www.myajc.com/news/local-govt--politics/the-atlanta-beltline-may-success-but-comes-with-dark-side-for-many/eZJADH0X8vl9yBQyGD7E5L/

Brooklyn Heights Blog. (2010, April 5). The Story of New York’s First Historic District http://brooklynheightsblog.com/archives/17343

This article in the Governing Journal talks about Columbia Heights in Washington, D.C, is one of the fastest-growing neighborhoods in the county.

 

Maciag, M. (2015, Feb.) Gentrification in America Report.

http://www.governing.com/gov-data/census/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html 

My insights from Two Play Posit videos I watched that I thought was relevant to my research and disciplines. Behavioral Learning Disabilities and the Deaf Studies Play Posit

The first discipline video was on Behavioral Learning Disabilities with K. Kimball. Kimball talked about how disorders can be in one or more of the basic psychological process. Which this involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written. As a result, this would manifest the person ability to listen, read, speak, think, write, and spell. Additionally, I did not know that Behavior Disorder can fall into two categories; Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.  To be able to identify those patterns and see if a person is aggressive or less aggressive is important. Mainly, I thought this was a pitch to get students to be interested in this BIS discipline. 

The second video was on Deaf Studies with Dr. J. Emerson. Big D verses Little d

Big D is not something that I have, but as something I am, and little d is an Individual who is deaf it is who they are. 

Lowercase d is they view it as a disability, condition, they just can’t hear. I learned that Deaf community is a Cultural linguistic community, vibrant community, own language. Culture is similarities of beliefs and organizations.  I would love to go to Atlanta Area School for the death to observe their classrooms. One thing that stood out to me is that CLAD promotes analyze existing stereotypes and policies relating to Deaf and Hard of Hearing people. Also, GSU is the only center for literacy and deafness. Wow 10million dollar grant. DHH (DeafHardHearing) Videotaping young children while they are interacting with teachers and transcribing those. Deaf Counselor wow….I found my gift. Indeed, this video was definitely need to be addressed later in my research about this special community. 

 

This research will focus on the evidence of higher displacement rate urban-to- urban. However, less attention has been paid to comparing the situation of the same families’ literacy. Chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor when we dive into literacy. Consequently, it also examines the community as a whole. 

My insights from Two Play Posit videos I watched that I thought was relevant to my research and disciplines. Behavioral Learning Disabilities and the Deaf Studies Play Posit.

The first discipline video was on Behavioral Learning Disabilities with K. Kimball. Kimball talked about how disorders can be in one or more of the basic psychological process. Which this involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written. As a result, this would manifest the person ability to listen, read, speak, think, write, and spell. Additionally, I did not know that Behavior Disorder can fall into two categories; Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder.  To be able to identify those patterns and see if a person is aggressive or less aggressive is important. Mainly, I thought this was a pitch to get students to be interested in this BIS discipline. 

The second video was on Deaf Studies with Dr. J. Emerson. Big D verses Little d. For instance, the Big D is not something that I have, but as something I am, and the little d is an Individual who is deaf; it is who they are. Additionally, Lowercase d is viewed as a disability, condition, they just can’t hear or deaf. Also, I learned that Deaf community is a Cultural linguistic community, vibrant community, with their own language. Deaf Culture communities has the same similarities of beliefs and organizations as a hearing community.  Another thing that really made me have a wow moment was when she discussed about you have a southern sign and a northern sign. Which is the same as a person speaks differently in the North compared to a Georgia southerner. Right here in Atlanta I would love to go and observe the classrooms at Atlanta Area School for the death. Georgia State has an organization called CLAD (Center on Literacy and Deafness) which promotes and/or analyze existing stereotypes and policies relating to Deaf and Hard of Hearing people. Also, GSU is the only center for literacy and deafness in the country. Wow GSU received a 10million dollar grant to help conduct these studies. Some of these studies include a DHH (DeafHardHearing) videotaping of young children while they are signing and interacting with teachers; taking those tapes and transcribing them. Deaf Counselor wow….I found my gift. Indeed, this video was definitely need to be addressed later in my research about this special community. 

 

This research will focus on the evidence of higher displacement rate urban-to- urban. However, less attention has been paid to comparing the situation of the same families’ literacy. Chances are poorer among the urban migrants and urban poor when we dive into literacy. Consequently, it also examines the community as a whole. 

 

Neighborhoods have been a key unit of analysis in urban studies for nearly a century, but defining neighborhoods has remained a subject of continuing debate. Sociocultural understandings of neighborhoods explain the process of defining neighborhood identities and boundaries as a consensus reached through social interactions and mediated by the “strength” of neighborhood boundaries, based on “natural” divides (e.g., rivers, highways), distinctive landmarks, or an area’s local history. This perspective, however, ignores the unequal relationships that often come with neighborhood transitions. Although the political economy of place perspective emphasizes the role of inequality in shaping the urban landscape, it largely overlooks the entities internal to the neighborhood that are embedded within the broader political economy and may also contribute to how people define neighborhoods. This study sheds light on the social construction of neighborhoods by examining how residents in a gentrifying area define their neighborhood identity and boundaries. Gentrification offers a case in which salient socioeconomic differences characterize the demographic shifts in a neighborhood, allowing me to assess how unequal relationships influence residents’ socially constructed neighborhoods and are associated with how neighborhood definitions change or remain the same. As gentrification has become widespread and rapid since the 1990s, it represents an increasingly common example of demographic shifts in the contemporary urban landscape. In such a context, residents compete to legitimate their presence in a neighborhood by engaging in boundary work (Lamont and Molnar 2002; Martin 2008). One way in which residents negotiate their presence in a neighborhood is through the practice of defining their neighborhood.

“Understanding the political ecologies of gentrification involves recognizing the ways in which material relations and uneven resource consumption, concepts of nature, and the politics of urban environmental management affect gentrification processes. “Noah Quastel (2013) Political Ecologies of Gentrification, Urban Geography, 30:7, 694-725, DOI: 10.2747/0272-3638.30.7.694  

Through my site visit I notice that The Haven Learning Center, helps communities with providing services for Home schoolers and ADHD students.  Unfortunately, the center more middle class than urban. So it wasn’t really effected by Gentrification. Consequently, this site was no value for me to use for study on the effects of Gentrification on the urban communities development. Additionally, how students low academic achievements were caused by being displaced from developers. 

Hi Angela, what a nice wrap up! Great work! I appreciate your touch on each component of the STEP 6. As you provided your thought nicely, there were not so much to add on your final draft. One thing you should do for your final draft is proofreading. I noticed minor mechanical errors in your response. Make it sure you read one more time and change these errors so that your final draft looks flawless!