https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c Ilene Marquez, Norbert Paz en-us 2022-08-22 18:11:30 UTC 2022-08-24 03:36:46 UTC hello@padlet.com imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268106813 Over 6,000 years ago, Egyptians used yeast to ferment beer and leaven bread. Over the years yeast has been modified and back then the yeast made the bread much sweeter, more rich, and the crumb is more light and airy than the modern sourdough. ]]> 2022-08-23 01:19:00 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268106813 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268120702 As the first antibiotic the Chinese would use moldy soybeans to treat boils and now it is believed that the fungus that is produces penicillin may have been what was in the soybeans. ]]> 2022-08-23 01:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268120702 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268143275 Louis Pasteur discovered that all fermentation that is caused by microorganisms and specific fermentation is caused by specific microorganisms. ]]> 2022-08-23 01:47:16 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268143275 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268201119 Robert Koch publishes his postulates which were used to determine that bacteria must have a role in every disease. His postulates allowed future studies to be made to identify the many pathogens of infectious diseases. ]]> 2022-08-23 02:36:51 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268201119 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268232192 In Manchester, England bacteria was used to treat sewage. In the UK it is believed that sewage treatment plants acting as giant "mixing vessels" where a wide range of microbes are living in along with a gene mutation that is a class of antibiotics that is used to treat meningitis. ]]> 2022-08-23 03:00:38 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2268232192 npaz19 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269132342 Hungarian engineer, Karl Erkey first used the term "Biotechnology" in 1919.]]> 2022-08-23 18:27:20 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269132342 npaz19 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269137440 In 1928, at St.Mary's Hospital, London, Alexander Fleming discovered penicilin. This discpver reduced the number of deaths from infection.]]> 2022-08-23 18:31:48 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269137440 npaz19 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269145034 James Watson and Francis Crick state that their model of DNA consists of 2 helical strands twistes around each other in a double helix.]]> 2022-08-23 18:38:45 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269145034 npaz19 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269155611 Scientist combine the GFP gene to another gene that produces protein they want to study, then they insert the complex into a cell.]]> 2022-08-23 18:48:39 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269155611 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269360950 CHY-MAX is the second generation of FPC which has high in milk clotting which leads to the thickness of cheese. The enzyme Rennet also known as rennin is extracted from animals and it used when making cheese. FPC and rennin are what is used to create the thickness and taste of cheese. ]]> 2022-08-23 23:24:08 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269360950 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269366332 Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen discovered the construction of functional organisms that are combined and replicated from different species of living organisms,enzymes that contain DNA fragments and the act of manipulation of DNA molecules from one organism to another. ]]> 2022-08-23 23:32:29 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269366332 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269370791 Cesar Milstein and George Kohler published their techniques for producing monoclonal antibodies which were produced by fusing them with tumor cells. They found a way to mimic the effect of cloning antibodies which led the ability of the B cell to produce and grow rapidly allowing a large amount of antibodies to produce and grow. This system was called the "Hybridoma technology."]]> 2022-08-23 23:39:19 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269370791 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269391568 The US Supreme court had ruled that human genes are naturally occurring and they can be patented because they are what they call a "product of nature" so no credit would be given. Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty was able to break down crude oil which were treating oil spills. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:01:19 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269391568 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269396956 The FDA approved Eli Lilly and Company's Humulin which is the first insulin made for people with diabetes. This was created using rDNA insulin. Humulin was developed by the first American biotechnology company, Genentech. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:06:21 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269396956 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269400206 Kary B. Mullis created the process of polymerase chain reaction which is where chains of DNA can be created, copied, and repeated. The enzyme DNA polymerase is what allow new DNA chains to be formed. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:09:56 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269400206 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269407472 The first DNA fingerprint that was used by the court was used on a man named Richard Buckland when he had confessed in the crime of sexually assaulting and murdering a girl named Dawn Ashworth. The police weren't sure if he was telling the truth which is when the DNA fingerprint testing came into play. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:17:18 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269407472 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269418342 Tobacco was the first produced genetically modified plant in a laboratory. Herbicide-resistant crops were made to enable the chemical control of weeds and helps prevent soil erosion. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:26:21 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269418342 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269442652 CRISPR locus is an array of short direct repeats interspersed with spacer sequences. The first step in the process is to design a customization guide RNA to target the DNA sequences. There are two essential characteristics of CRISPR which are crRNA (mature) and tracrRNA (trans-activating crRNA)]]> 2022-08-24 00:48:30 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269442652 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269454420 The Human Genome was created to identify genes and cells that are the cause of rare and common diseases. The human genome is the understanding of genes and how they work with the human body. ]]> 2022-08-24 00:59:13 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269454420 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269458926 The FDA approved rBST. BST is a natural hormone in cows that regulates thei milk production and because of Recombinant bovine somatotropin it increases the milk production of a cow by 10 to 20 percent. ]]> 2022-08-24 01:03:49 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269458926 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269466646 GMO has changed breeding in plants by giving the ability of fruits and vegetables to change in color and size. The first genetically modified crop was a delayed ripening tomato and soon after it was summer squash,soybeans,cotton,corn,papayas and more. ]]> 2022-08-24 01:11:43 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269466646 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269478937 Ian Wilmut cloned Dolly the lamb. This was done by taking one of her unfertilized egg and a mammary gland cell and used electrical pulses to fuse them together. The cell was induced into the normal cycle of growth and when the embryos were done it was a successful clone of Dolly. ]]> 2022-08-24 01:22:16 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269478937 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269483832 The first draft of the human genome sequence was published which included the blueprints of a human being and how their genetics, DNA, blood cells etc, function. The draft was an analysis from the very beginning of the project back in 1977.]]> 2022-08-24 01:26:36 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269483832 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269487541 The Bio-Rads test detects BSE also known as mad cow disease. It is the first test to detect the disease within 3 to 4 hours while other tests take roughly 7 to 12 hours. The disease is caused by a protein called Prion. ]]> 2022-08-24 01:29:40 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269487541 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269490879 GloFish are fluorescent fish which are created by inserting fluorescent genes from jellyfish and seas anemones into the eggs of a silver and black zebra danio and they glow. ]]> 2022-08-24 01:32:35 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269490879 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269534142 Shinya Yamanaka introduced a set of transcription factors into a cell that were able to be induced into an embryonic state in adult cells. Stem cells began to differentiate in 1981 with the study of a mouse stem cells.]]> 2022-08-24 02:08:55 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269534142 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269538760 type 1 CRISPR-Cas systems can be used for genome engineering in eukaryotic cells. Genome editing gives scientists the ability to change an organisms DNA. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:12:51 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269538760 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269538923 Stem cells are also known as super cells because they can turn into any cell they want in the starting process of the human body. The study was about cells being able to be reprogrammed into a whole other cell with a whole other function. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:13:01 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269538923 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269553605 The goal of the Human Proteome Project is a systematic effort and technique in which it observes the proteins produced by the sequences translated from the human genome. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:24:44 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269553605 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269558507 Elelyso is the first FDA approved plant cell based ERT for type 1 Guacher disease. Elelyso enters guacher cells, breaks up any fatty substacne that has been built up in the spleen or liver and reducing the size of the cells. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:29:01 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269558507 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269566603 The US Supreme court rules that naturally occurring genes cannot be patented because they are known as a product of nature. This means that genes cannot be claimed or be taken for credit as "inventing it" because a person cant invent a gene since they are already a part of a human being. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:36:12 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269566603 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269574730 A CAR T-cell therapy is a treatment for certain blood cancers. Kymriah is a type of CAR-T therapy which is the first and only therapy approved by the FDA to treat leukemia and lymphoma. However, the neurological side effect are speech problems,tremors, and seizures. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:44:17 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269574730 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269575029 Herceptin first entered clinical development in 1992 qnd was approved in 1998 only for HER2-positive meta-static breast cancer. It then was approved in 2019 for breast cancer.]]> 2022-08-24 02:44:34 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269575029 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269575111 CRISPR was first used for sickle cell disease. A patient named Jennifer Doudna was the first to be treated with CRISPR having sickle cell disease. Doudna is still alive and well after receiving treatment which shows it did what it was made for. ]]> 2022-08-24 02:44:39 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269575111 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269607873 Bacillus Thuringiensis was first founded in 1911 by Ernest Berliner. He isolated strain from dead Mediterranean flour moth larvae he found in a flour mil but before the same bacterium from a dead silkworm larvae was found and was called "sotto disease" which is also known as sudden collapse disease. ]]> 2022-08-24 03:17:03 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269607873 imarquez28 https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269626637 The Provenge vaccine immune cells are collection and then exposed to a protein to stimulate and direct them against prostate cancer and when the immune cells are activated they then come back to the patient and treat the cancer. However, provenge is not a chemotherapy drug but it does give the same side effect chemotherapy does. ]]> 2022-08-24 03:36:46 UTC https://padlet.com/imarquez28/ocwm81v386rr2d4c/wish/2269626637