Timeline of White-Crowned Sparrow by PAUAL, KRISTELLE ANNE C. https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft Let's explore and deepen our knowledge in the world of White-Crowned Sparrows. en-us 2021-09-18 07:06:53 UTC 2025-12-11 14:12:11 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1349466072/12d19d0063100df39b8e4e41eb72d550/242342505_1710371232505910_3346212503088855018_n.jpg Johann Reinhold Forster (1729-1798) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1750091230 One of the types of sparrow is the White-Crowned Sparrow.
J.R. Forster is a German naturalist and first person who studied and described the White crowned sparrows as “elegant little species”.

Chilton, G., Baker, M., Barrentine, C., & Cunningham, M. (2021). White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Birdsoftheworld.org. Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/whcspa/cur/introduction.


]]> 2021-09-18 07:10:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1750091230 Barbara Blanchard DeWolfe (1912-2008) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1750091345 An american ornithologist who studied the different song structure and variation of the bird.

 Barbara Blanchard DeWolfe – Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Mvz.berkeley.edu. (2021). Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://mvz.berkeley.edu/announcement/barbara-blanchard-dewolfe/.


]]> 2021-09-18 07:10:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1750091345 Song "Dialects" in Three Populations of White-Crowned Sparrows. kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142415
Song patterns of three White-crowned Sparrow populations, two close together and one far apart, demonstrated an exceptional level of homogeneity in such characteristics within each population. In one case, the breeding patterns remained consistent over two breeding seasons. There were also obvious and consistent variances between the three populations' singing patterns, with the biggest divergence occurring between those separated by the greatest distance. This is one of the prominent examples of “dialects” in bird song.

Marler, P., & Tamura, M. (1962). Song "Dialects" in Three Populations of White-Crowned Sparrows. The Condor, 64(5), 368-377. https://doi.org/10.2307/1365545

]]> 2021-09-19 04:08:59 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142415 Luis Baptista (1941-2000) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142573 He conducted dozens of research on different bird species; however, he was most recognized for his study on the habits of white-crowned sparrows. The contributions of Dr. Luis became fundamental to understanding bird communication and vocalization. He described the sparrows as “the white rat of ornithology.” 

Luis F. Baptista; Ornithologist Mastered the Dialects of Birds. Los Angeles Times. (2021). Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jun-15-me-41262-story.html.]]> 2021-09-19 04:09:10 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142573 FACTS! kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142921 The researchers discovered that young birds like white-crowned sparrows may be more sensitive to and focused on noises from their own species. In comparison to other species, there sparrows chirps more in response to the replay of white-crowned songs, showing that it is a more pronounced stimulus to them and hence the one that catches their attention, even at this early stage.

Baker, M. (1983). The behavioral response of female Nuttall's White-crowned Sparrows to male song of natal and alien dialects. Behavioral Ecology And Sociobiology, 12(4), 309-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00302898




]]> 2021-09-19 04:09:36 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751142921 Douglas Nelson (1959-Present) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143156 Studied the preference of different subspecies, either male or female, of white crowned sparrow in terms of their songs for mating purposes. 

Nelson, D. (2000). A preference for own-subspecies' song guides vocal learning in a song bird. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 97(24), 13348-13353. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.240457797

]]> 2021-09-19 04:09:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143156 Migratory Sleeplessness in White-Crowned Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143261 An article that explains the travel and the hours of sleep of white crowned sparrows to different places during seasonal migration and how they maintain their neurological focus throughout the travel.


Rattenborg NC, Mandt BH, Obermeyer WH, Winsauer PJ, Huber R, Wikelski M, et al. (2004) Migratory Sleeplessness in the White-Crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii). PLoS Biol 2(7): e212. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020212]]> 2021-09-19 04:10:03 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143261 Susanne Akesson (1964-Present) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143377 Researched about displacement of white crowned sparrows through migration and how far they can travel while migrating.


Åkesson, S., Morin, J., Muheim, R., & Ottosson, U. (2005). Dramatic Orientation Shift of White-Crowned Sparrows Displaced across Longitudes in the High Arctic. Current Biology, 15(17), 1591-1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2005.07.027

]]> 2021-09-19 04:10:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143377 Haruka Wada (1974-Present) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143744 She discovered that white-crowned sparrows are close-ended learners where they learn a song a few months after hatching. The phase is called sensorimotor phase.

Wada, H. (2010). The Development of Birdsong | Learn Science at Scitable. Nature.com. Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-development-of-birdsong-16133266/.


]]> 2021-09-19 04:10:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143744 Dialects of the Birds kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143849 Range wide and local barriers of White crowned sparrow wherein the experiment suggests that there are dialects coming from each bird from different places through migration.
It is also believed that songbirds change in tune in urban places; territorial experiment where white crowned sparrows change their song to be able to adapt to loud surroundings. In addition, they are territorial when it comes to their songs.

Welke, C. (2012). RANGEWIDE AND LOCAL BARRIERS TO GENE FLOW IN WHITE- CROWNED SPARROWS (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS) (Master of Science). University of Lethbridge.
David A. Luther, Elizabeth P. Derryberry. Birdsongs keep pace with city life: changes in song over time in an urban songbird affects communication. Animal Behaviour, 2012; 83 (4): 1059 DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.01.034]]> 2021-09-19 04:10:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751143849 The Disappearing Language of Sparrows kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751144120 The evolution of the dialects of white-crowned sparrows in line with the environmental change and the impact of the increasingly noisy city on bird songs. Biologist David Luther and his colleagues have documented that these birds have shifted to a dialect more audible above the urban din but still, many birds vanish from areas as it affects the growth of young birds because they rely most heavily on sound. 

Todd, K. (2016). Bay Nature Magazine: Sparrows Lose Their Language With Urban Noise. Bay Nature. Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://baynature.org/article/the-language-of-sparrows/.

]]> 2021-09-19 04:11:04 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751144120 When the pandemic quieted San Francisco, these birds could hear each other sing. kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751144278 According to the behavioral ecologist Liz Derryberry's experiment, the urban birds' calls became higher in quality and each is packed with more information during the pandemic, making mating easier for the birds. They also added that noises from oil and gas drilling, basically urban noises, can lower bird fertility. 


Arnold, C. (2020). When the pandemic quieted San Francisco, these birds could hear each other sing. Animals. Retrieved 19 September 2021, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/pandemic-san-francisco-birds-song-improved.]]> 2021-09-19 04:11:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751144278 Peter Marler (1928-2014) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751299557 From his research, he found that the songs of male white-crowned sparrows are normally acquired by learning from adults. Male white-crowned sparrows raised in individual or group isolation developed abnormal songs. It was found that the crucial period of exposure to normal song is from 10-50 days for normal song development.


Marler, P. (1970). A comparative approach to vocal learning: Song development in white-crowned sparrows. Journal Of Comparative And Physiological Psychology, 71(2, Pt.2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0029144


]]> 2021-09-19 07:22:29 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751299557 Song Dialects and Genetic Differences in white-crowned sparrows kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751333131 The research found that dialect populations are contagious; those male white-crowned sparrows who live in common geographic areas exhibit common dialects.


Baker, M. (1974). SONG DIALECTS AND GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN WHITE‐CROWNED SPARROWS (ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS). Evolution, 29(2), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1975.tb00203.x






]]> 2021-09-19 08:00:14 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751333131 The functional significance of song sharing in the White-crowned Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751510480 Different theories have been proposed to explain the adaptive value of learning a dialect of a white-crowned sparrows. The assortative mating theory claims that birds learn dialects in their natal area throughout a brief sensitive phase. Another theory, the social adaptation theory, suggests that birds learn dialects in places where they have resided after being dispersed from their natal/birthplace. The social adaptation idea is supported by the majority of evidence.

Baptista, L. (1985). The functional significance of song sharing in the White-crowned Sparrow. Canadian Journal Of Zoology, 63(8), 1741-1752. https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-263

]]> 2021-09-19 11:03:15 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1751510480 FACTS kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1753599593 Birds like white-crowned sparrows are originally evolved from Theropods. Because scientists discovered that Archaeopteryx has unique features that are somewhat related to Theropods making the Theropods the ancestor of birds as well.

The origin of birds. Evolution.berkeley.edu. (2021). Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_06.


]]> 2021-09-20 11:03:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1753599593 Archaeopteryx lithographica (150.8 million years - 125.45 million years) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1753603151 Archaeopteryx lithographica was discovered in 1861 by the paleontologist Christian Erick Hermann von Meyer. It was considered as the first bird in the world, it was believes that this species are belong reptiles, but it changed to Aves because it has a feature of a bird.  It is believed that it lived until the late cretaceous era 65 million years after extinction.

Ji, Q., & Ji, S. (2001). On the Discovery of the earliest fossil bird in China (Sinosauropteryx gen. nov.) and the origin of birds. Chinese Geological Museum, Beijing.

]]> 2021-09-20 11:05:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1753603151 SOME OF THE SUBSPECIES OF SPARROWS kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754157872 2021-09-20 14:15:33 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754157872 House Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754175056
House Sparrows are usually noisy sparrows that flutter down from eaves and fencerows to hop and peck at crumbs or birdseed. You can normally see them flying in and out of nest holes, behind traffic lights, or hanging around parking lots foraging crumbs and insects off car grills.


House Sparrow Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/House_Sparrow/id.
]]> 2021-09-20 14:19:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754175056 Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754178338 He modified the Classification system of Francis Willughby into Taxonomy Classification system. He's also the one who gave scientific name the Passeriformes to sparrows, which are one of the first among animals to be given a scientific name.

Carl Linnaeus - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus.
]]> 2021-09-20 14:20:30 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754178338 Francis Willughby (1635-1672) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754408991 An ornithologist who described the features and developed the first classification system of all the then-known birds in the world. He and published the book of "Ornithologiae Libri Tres" with the help of his friend, John Ray.


Francis Willughby - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. (2021). Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Willughby#Subjects_of_his_studies.]]> 2021-09-20 15:21:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754408991 Eurasian Tree Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754426147
This species is a very common and close relative of the House Sparrow. Slightly smaller than House Sparrow with an entirely rufous cap, black and white cheek, and limited black in the throat. Males and females are similar. You can see them flying around flocks, oftentimes in more natural areas.




Eurasian Tree Sparrow - eBird. Ebird.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://ebird.org/species/eutspa.
]]> 2021-09-20 15:26:26 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754426147 Lark Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754427554 Lark Sparrow has its unique black, white, and rufous face pattern. They are large and boldly patterned sparrows. Favors open areas when breeding and often forms flocks in brushy areas in winter. In flight, notice a long tail with broad white corners.


Lark Sparrow - eBird. Ebird.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://ebird.org/species/larspa.]]> 2021-09-20 15:26:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754427554 White-Crowned Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754429448
White-crowned Sparrows can frequently see in winter over much of North America to grace our gardens. Its dashing look combined with crispy gray breast and black-and-white head has made them as one of the surest sparrow identification in North America. As spring approaches, listen out for this bird’s thin, sweet whistle.



]]> 2021-09-20 15:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754429448 HOUSE OF AVES kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754758591 2021-09-20 17:10:13 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754758591 Dusky seaside sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754774034 The first sparrow that declared extinct in 1990.

Dusky seaside sparrow - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_seaside_sparrow.]]> 2021-09-20 17:15:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754774034 THEORIES AND POSTULATES kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754833202 2021-09-20 17:35:23 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1754833202 Alena Klvanova (1978-Present) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755020189
The condition of nestling House Sparrows Passer domesticus in relation to diet composition and the total amount of food consumed.
Alena KLvanova states that breeding and nesting is affected by the scarcity of food and nutrients that will soonly affect the growth and development of the population.


Klvaňová, A., Lusková, M., Hořák, D., & Exnerová, A. (2012). The condition of nestling House SparrowsPasser domesticusin relation to diet composition and the total amount of food consumed. Bird Study, 59(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2011.643291

]]> 2021-09-20 18:39:20 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755020189 Harris Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755036293 This sparrow was considered as the biggest sparrow in the world.

Harris's sparrow - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris%27s_sparrow.

]]> 2021-09-20 18:45:39 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755036293 Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz (1783-1840) kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755739188 A French polymath who introduced the family Passeridae as Passernia.
According to the Handbook of the Birds of the World, there are three main groups of sparrows and those sparrows are the true sparrows (Passer), the snowfinches (Montifringilla), and the rock sparrows (Petronia). The sparrow-weavers (Plocepasser) and several other African taxa (Ploceidae) that are morphologically similar to Passer are also included in some classifications.

Old World sparrow - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_sparrow.






]]> 2021-09-21 01:08:11 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755739188 Old World Sparrow kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755759379 It is a group of sparrows that belongs to the Passer, one of the main group of sparrows. These sparrows are considered as the original sparrows which is why they're also called the True Sparrows. These sparrows are small, plump brown-gray birds with short tails and small but powerful beaks.


Old World sparrow - Wikipedia. En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 21 September 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_World_sparrow.]]> 2021-09-21 01:20:52 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755759379 THE HOUSE OF AVES kacpaual2021 https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755852459 2021-09-21 02:14:18 UTC https://padlet.com/kacpaual2021/oa6rwi29pan0hzft/wish/1755852459