History Chapter 2 Kwartler by Paula Kwartler

Castañeda v. Pickard (1981)

paulac618 — 2025-04-05 15:19:55 UTC

Appeal court establishes a three part test to determine if schools are following 1974 Equal Educational Opportunity Act. The test included: programs based on theory; programs supported by proper funding; programs showing effectiveness after a period of time.

I think this is important for assessments for MLs because it requires that the programs offered to students are based on theory and not just a test that measures their IQ in a language they are not familiar with; requires funding so programs can be developed; and after some time measure the effectiveness.

National Research Council Forms Committee on Appropriate Test Use (1999)

paulac618 — 2025-04-05 15:29:20 UTC

The statement from the Committee states that the test scores for MLs are affected by construct irrelevant variance (CIV). As a result, it might underestimate the knowledge of what is being tested.

I think this is important for assessment of MLs because the committee addresses the reason why MLs are not testing as proficient as other students. This statement establishes that MLs might know more than what they can show on tests because these tests are not designed for them.

Title III of NCLB (2002)

paulac618 — 2025-04-05 15:34:37 UTC

Requires states to: develop and implement ELP standards; implement assessment aligned with standards that measures the four modalities of language (speaking, reading, listening and writing); establishes annual measurable achievement objectives and report progress.

I think this is important for assessing MLs because it provides guidance (standards) and an assessment should be developed based on those standards to make sure that MLs are receiving adequate education and support to then measure their progress annually.

Rod Paige announces changes to NCLB (2004)

paulac618 — 2025-04-05 15:46:53 UTC

The Secretary of Education, Rod Paige, announced two changes to NCLB 1) LEP students can be exempt from English Language Arts exams for a year and 2) for AYP purposes, students who are English Proficient can stay in the LEP subgroup for up to two years.

This is important because it shows that when NCLB was written there was no acknowledgment of MLs. There had been no guidance prior to this. Even though one year is enough for a student to acquire proficiency (a process that takes five to nine years) at least it gives them some time to adapt before being tested.

ELPA21 (English Language Proficiency for the 21st Century) is born (2016)

paulac618 — 2025-04-05 15:53:52 UTC

This is a test offered and housed at the National Center on Research on Evaluation, Standards and Student Testing (CRESST) at the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA). Now states can choose from different tests such as ELPA21 or WIDA. States can even create their own ELP standards and assessments for MLs. Federal criteria must be met.

I think that this is important for assessing MLs because it allows states to choose from different assessments or even create their own. Also, the standards and assessments should be aligned which reflects a real measurement of growth. The results could be used to improve programs and methods.