Chemistry Article Review Enhancement by GRACE DUROCHER https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x Brush Up on Toothpaste Grace DuRocher en-us 2017-01-31 15:29:09 UTC 2025-01-11 12:02:33 UTC hello@padlet.com Brush Up on Toothpaste gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150559753 By: Valerie Brown]]> 2017-01-31 15:30:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150559753 Purpose gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150559804 The author wrote this article to inform people of toothpaste, its ingredients, and how it works. ]]> 2017-01-31 15:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150559804 5 Facts gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150564878
  • Bacteria produce acids that dissolve the enamel on our teeth in a process called demineralization.
  • Many toothpastes contain the fluoride compounds sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, or tin fluoride in order to prevent tooth decay and restore teeth after previous damage. 
  • Biofilms are formed when multiple bacteria stick to a damp surface and create a slimy substance.
  • Hydroxyapatite is the substance that makes up enamel and it is made up of positive calcium ions, negative phosphate ions, and hydroxide ions.  
  • Abrasion is the process of scrubbing off bacteria and keeping it from making biofilms on your teeth, and many toothpastes contain abrasives like baking soda to do this. 

    • ]]>     2017-01-31 15:42:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150564878     5 Questions gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565120
  • How is there always an equilibrium between calcium and phosphate ions in saliva?
  • Why does too much fluoride cause temporarily discolored teeth and what is considered too much fluoride?
  • Why is triclosan so controversial? 
  • What ingredients in toothpaste whiten your teeth?
  •  How do bacteria destroy our enamel? 

    • ]]>     2017-01-31 15:42:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565120     Science Concept gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565506 The major science concept discussed in this article is the chemical composition of toothpaste and your teeth. The article talks about what the enamel of teeth is composed of, and how it is broken apart. The ions in enamel can be broken apart by a chemical imbalance that is a result of harmful bacteria. After introducing this topic, the article goes on to explain the chemical composition of toothpaste and how it combats the break down of enamel. The discussion of the different ions and acids in enamel and toothpaste relates to chemistry, because in chemistry we learn about how elements bond together and react together. 

    ]]>     2017-01-31 15:43:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565506     Why does too much fluoride cause temporarily discolored teeth and what is considered too much fluoride? gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565863 Fluoride is mostly beneficial for teeth. It strengthens teeth by hardening the enamel, which helps prevent tooth decay. However, too much fluoride can cause a condition called dental fluorosis. This condition causes teeth to have white spots, become rough and pitted, or even have extreme discoloration of brown spots on teeth. Doctors recommend around 10 mg of fluoride a day, and say that if your drinking water and toothpaste have fluoride in them, then you have the perfect amount going into your body.
    “Fluoride and Teeth Whitening." Teeth Whitening. Teeth Whitening, n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2017. 
    http://www.teethwhitening1.org/general-info/fluoride-and-teeth-whitening 

    ]]>     2017-01-31 15:44:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150565863     What ingredients in toothpaste whiten your teeth? gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150566580  The ingredients carbamide peroxide and hydrogen peroxide whiten your teeth. The process of whitening your teeth is a chemical process called tooth bleaching. Some toothpastes contain hydrogen peroxide directly, and in others the carbamide peroxide reacts with the water to release hydrogen peroxide. While you brush your teeth, the hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the organic composites in your tooth enamel, which creates smaller, lighter colored composites, resulting in whiter teeth.
    "The Chemistry of Teeth Whitening." The Chemistry of Teeth Whitening - ElementsDatabase.com. ElementsDatabase, 2015. Web. 30 Jan. 2017. 
    http://www.elementsdatabase.com/the_chemistry_of_teeth_whitening.php 

    ]]>     2017-01-31 15:45:44 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150566580     How do bacteria destroy our enamel? gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150566930  After you eat sugar, glycoproteins and the bacteria S. mutans attach to teeth and begin forming plaque. The bacteria produce lactic acid, which increases the dissolving of calcium phosphate in the enamel. The S. mutans bacteria is the only type that can cause cavities, because it is the only one with the enzyme that adds glucose molecules to each other to form dextran.The dextran and bacteria cling to the enamel, which creates plaque, the first stage of the formation of cavities. 
    Ophardt, Charles E. "Tooth Decay." Tooth Decay. Elmhurst College, 2003. Web. 31 Jan. 2017.
    http://chemistry.elmhurst.edu/vchembook/548toothdecay.html 
    ]]>     2017-01-31 15:46:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150566930     gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150567235 2017-01-31 15:47:16 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150567235 Video Enhancement gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150567476 Why Is Fluoride Good for Teeth? Dir. SciShow. Perf. Michael Aranda. Why Is Fluoride Good for Teeth? YouTube, 8 Apr. 2015. Web. 29 Jan. 2017.]]> 2017-01-31 15:47:48 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150567476 gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150585184 Brown, Valerie.  “Brush Up on Toothpaste.”  ChemMatters. Feb./March 2017: B14-15.]]> 2017-01-31 16:25:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150585184 Link to Article gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150585612 2017-01-31 16:26:23 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150585612 gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150677560 2017-01-31 20:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150677560 gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150679211 2017-01-31 20:18:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150679211 gdurocher19 https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150679850 2017-01-31 20:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/gdurocher19/o8vf6m3l8i2x/wish/150679850