Unit 6 The Cold War by Elena Lee

Yalta Conference

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1945 Meeting with US president FDR, British Prime Minister(PM) Winston Churchill, and and Soviet Leader Stalin during WWII to plan for post-war

United Nations

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An international organization formed after WWII to promote international peace, security, and cooperation.

Satellite Nations

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A country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation.

Containment

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American policy of resisting further expansion of communism around the world

Iron Curtain

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A political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region

Truman Doctrine

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1947, President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Marshall Plan

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A United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)

Berlin Wall

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A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

Berlin Airlift

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airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

NATO

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Warsaw Pact

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An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO

Korean War

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The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

38th Parallel

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Dividing line between North and South Korea

DMZ

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Demilitarized Zone

HUAC

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The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) was an investigating committee which investigated what it considered un-American propaganda

Red Scare

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A period of general fear of communism

The Rosenbergs

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Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's

McCarthyism

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The term associated with Senator Joseph McCarthy who led the search for communists in America during the early 1950s through his leadership in the House Un-American Activities Committee.

H-Bomb

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the hydrogen bomb - a thermonuclear weapon much more powerful than the Atomic bomb

Dwight D. Eisenhower

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American General who began in North Africa and became the Commander of Allied forces in Europe.

CIA

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Central Intelligence Agency

Nikita Khrushchev

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A Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Also famous for denouncing Stalin and allowed criticism of Stalin within Russia.

Sputnik

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First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Baby Boom

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A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility.

John F. Kennedy

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President of the US during the Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro

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Communist dictator of Cuba during the Cold War

Bay of Pigs

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In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow Fidel Castro. When the invasion ended in disaster, President Kennedy took full responsibility for the failure.

Cuban Missile Crisis

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The 1962 confrontation between US and the Soviet Union over Soviet missiles in Cuba.

Lyndon Baines Johnson

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36th president took over after JFK was assassinated "war on poverty"

Ho Chi Minh

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Communist leader of North Vietnam

Domino Theory

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A theory that if one nation comes under Communist control, then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control.

Geneva Accords

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A 1954 peace agreement that divided Vietnam into Communist-controlled North Vietnam and non-Communist South Vietnam until unification elections could be held in 1956

Ngo Dinh Diem

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American ally in South Vietnam from 1954 to 1963; his repressive regime caused the Communist Viet Cong to thrive in the South and required increasing American military aid to stop a Communist takeover. he was killed in a coup in 1963.

Vietcong

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A group of Communist guerrillas who, with the help of North Vietnam, fought against the South Vietnamese government in the Vietnam War.

Ho Chi Minh Trail

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A network of paths used by North Vietnam to transport supplies to the Vietcong in South Vietnam

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

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a resolution adopted by Congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam

Napalm and Agen Orange

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a resolution adopted by Congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam

Draft

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A law requiring people of a certain age to serve in the military

TET Offensive

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1968; National Liberation Front and North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet), which was defeated after a month of fighting and many thousands of casualties; major defeat for communism, but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment

Richard Nixon

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Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States

Vietnamization

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President Richard Nixons strategy for ending U.S involvement in the vietnam war, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

May Lai

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President Nixon's policy of replacing American military forces with those of South Vietnam

Kent State

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Ohio college where an anti-war protest got way out of hand, the Nat'l Guard was called in and killed 3 students (innocent & unarmed,wounded 9) in idiscriminate fire of M-1 rifles

Pentagon Papers

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A 7,000-page top-secret United States government report on the history of the internal planning and policy-making process within the government itself concerning the Vietnam War.

War Powers Act

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Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort